Ndi kuwoneka kosasamala kwa mbatata, imayankha bwino kwambiri pamtunda wa dothi, kuvala pamwamba. Pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo waulimi ndikugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yatsopano yobala zipatso, sizingagwire ntchito kutolera tenti kuchokera zana kuchokera kwa wokhulupirira zanyumba, koma kupeza tubers wamkulu wazaka zonse za 20 zonse zimakhala zenizeni. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kudziwa momwe mungapangire mbewu yabwino ya mbatata.
Nthawi zokulitsa mbewu
Monga mbewu iliyonse, mbatata imakhala ndi magawo angapo a chitukuko, momwe amafunira zakudya zosiyanasiyana, kulima, ndi kuchotsa. Magawo awa atha kugawidwa:
- tubers preplanting ndi kubzala;
- nthawi isanayambe maluwa;
- kuchepa kwa chitukuko;
- kufota ndi kuyanika kwa mbewu.
Iliyonse ya nthawi izi imafunikira ukadaulo wake wokulitsa mbewu. Chachilendo kwa mbatata ndikuti mbewu iyi imafuna dothi lotakasuka, lovomerezeka ngati magawo atatu a chitukuko. Kucha mbewu, chinyezi chambiri mu dothi chimatha kukhudza kuteteza kwa ma tubers posungira.
Ntchito zapakatikati
Kukonza malo ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti mukolole. Zikhala bwino kuti okhala pachilimwe azibzala feteleza wobiriwira (manyowa obiriwira) ndikuwadzala m'nthaka nthawi yakugwa. Pakatikati, timafunika kukonzekera bwino masentimita 30. Apa ndiye kuti unyinji wa mizu umakhazikika. Ndi nthawi imeneyi pamene kulimbana ndi namsongole pa mbatata kumayambira, ndipo kumapitilira nyengo yonseyo.
Kubzala mbatata kuyenera kuchitika mu dothi lotentha. Chizindikiro choti dothi lakonzeka ndikutseguka kwa tsamba lambiri. Simungachedwe kutsika, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zoyendera dzuwa poziteteza kuthengo. Kuphatikiza kuwonjezera tuber ndi mphamvu yakukula msanga, kumatha kuwira mu njira yothetsera phulusa, kukonzekera EM-1 Baikal.
Kukula kwa mbatata kumatengera kukhwima kwa mbatata. Pachikhalidwe choyambirira, mtunda uyenera kukhala wosachepera 60 cm ndipo mtunda pakati pa mabowo umawonedwa pakadutsa 30. Mbatata siyilekerera shading ndipo imayamba kutambalala mpaka dzuwa kuwononga mbewu. Mukabzala mbatata, feteleza amawonjezeranso dzenje kuti akwaniritse chitukuko mwachangu, poganizira momwe dothi limapangidwira. Komabe, mulimonsemo, ochepa a humus, supuni ya phulusa ndi supuni ya kemira ya mbatata sizivuta. Kuphatikiza apo, ma handion ochepa a anyezi amatha kuwonjezeredwa kudzenje. Ngati pali nkhanambo pamalopo, sphagnum moss, yomwe imawonjezedwanso ku dzenje, imagwirizana nayo. Ndikwabwino kukonzekera kuvala kwamtunda pasadakhale, kusakaniza mosamala mbali zonse, kuposa kudyetsa mbatata.
Zosakaniza zonse zakonzedwa mdzenje ziyenera kusakanizika bwino ndi dothi, kenako ndikumayambitsa thumba lomwe linaphukira ndi matumphuka.
Pakupita milungu iwiri, mbande zoyambirira za mbewu zazing'ono ziziwoneka. Pakadali pano, ndibwino kuchotsa udzu woipa womwe umayamba kutuluka mbatata. Momwe mungadyere mbatata pomwe sikunakhalepo chotupa? Ngati nthawi zonse simukufuna kumaliratu dothi ndi kupendekera pansi ndi mapazi anu, mutha kuthana ndi mankhwala othana ndi namsongole pa mbatata lapis lazuli. Nthawi ina, kumera kusanachitike kapena nthawi yoyamba kuonekera, ndipo mundawo udzakhala woyera nthawi yonseyo. Palibenso njira yolipira namsongole pa mbatata yofunika.
Kusamalira kuchokera mbande mpaka maluwa
Mu nthawi yoyamba yomanga msipu wobiriwira komanso masamba, mbatata imakhala ndi timinofu tambiri. Chifukwa chake, pali lamulo: ngati mukufuna kukhala ndi tubers yambiri, muyenera kuthirira mbatata mu theka loyambirira la chilimwe. Ndipo ngati mukufuna kukhala ndi ma tubers akulu, ndiye kuti chinyezi chimafunikira mpaka pakati pa Ogasiti.
Ngati dothi lakololedwa bwino ndi manyowa, manyowa obiriwira pakugwa komanso dzenje mukabzala, ndiye kuti kuwonjezera pa kuthirira pang'ono osakhumudwitsa, mbatata sikusowa chilichonse. Pofunika kuchita foliar chithandizo chonde kuphatikiza ndi ma microfertilizer kuti mumve kukoma kwambiri kwa ma tubers amtsogolo. Koma ngati kuwotcha kwa masamba kwa masamba, kufota kapena madontho kuyamba, ndiye kudyetsa mbatata, posakhalitsa, zotsatira zake zitha kuwonekera.
Muyenera kudziwa kuti kudzera mu mizu, zakudya zimayamba kugwira ntchito m'masabata awiri, komanso masamba osakwanira masiku atatu. Chovala chapamwamba pamasiku amvula kapena nthawi yamadzulo ndizabwino kwambiri, kuti masamba asalandire kutentha kwa dzuwa.
Timapereka zokolola komanso kukoma kwa mbatata
Kodi kudyetsa mbatata m'chilimwe? Pali zovala zingapo zapamwamba pamsika. Kuti muchite izi, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito zowonjezera kuchokera ku superphosphate, phulusa phulusa, EM-1, ndikukonzekera mokonzekera, monga:
- raykat;
- Kelik
- solyukat.
Muli zinthu zina zomwe michere imafunikira panthawiyi.
Chifukwa chake, kuphatikiza umuna ndi ntchito feteleza Raikat kumalimbikitsa kukula kwa tchire. Ndipo photosynthesis yabwino ndiyo chinsinsi cha mbewu yamtsogolo. Kugwiritsa ntchito kuwonjezera kukhuthala ndi kukoma, Raikat finale imayambitsidwa ngakhale pamapeto omaliza a mbewu. Zimathandizira kutuluka msanga kwa michere kuchokera pamwamba mpaka ma tubers.
Kelik, feteleza wochokera potaziyamu komanso kuphatikizika kwa zinthu zina. Potaziyamu ndiye amachititsa kukoma kwa tuber. Chifukwa chake, phulusa pa nthawi iliyonse ya kukula sikungalepheretse mbewu.
Kuphatikiza pa 40% potaziyamu ndi phosphorous 28%, solutate imakhala ndi sulufule, magnesium boron. Izi zofunikira ndizofunikira pakukula kwazomera zonse. Kodi mungapeze bwanji mbewu yabwino ya mbatata? Asayansi ati mbewuyo imabereka mbewu kutengera ndi kupezeka kwa zinthu zofunikira m'nthaka. Ndiye kuti, ngati pali vuto la chinthu m'nthaka, ndiye kuti mbewuyo idalira.
Tisaiwale za mankhwalawa ndi fungicides kumapeto kwa Julayi komanso kumayambiriro kwa Ogasiti kuti mukhale ndi phytophthora. Ngati dothi lakuya masentimita 10 likhalebe chinyezi, mbewu zamkati mwa Ogasiti zimakhala ndi udzu wobiriwira wathanzi, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti mbewu idaperekedwa kale chisamaliro. Imatetezabe mundawo ku chinyezi chambiri mu September ndikudikirira kuti nsonga ziume.
Munda wa mbatata uyenera kukonzedwa kumbuyoku pofesa manyowa obiriwira ndikuwubzala m'nthaka.
Chovala chapamwamba chamasamba mukabzala mdzenje ndikuchiritsira kangapo chilimwe chingathandize kuthana ndi zinthu zosowa. Mundawo uyenera kukhala woyera kwa namsongole komanso wonyowa pang'ono. Mizere yayitali ya mbatata imapanga bwino malo oti mizu itukuke ndikukula kwa tuber.
