Kasupe akubwera ndipo misika yadzaza ndi mbande zamasamba, dimba, maluwa ndi mbewu zina. Kugulitsa mbande kumachitika ndi amalonda apadera, minda yapadera, mgwirizano wamaluwa ndi masitolo apadera. Ndibwino kuti mugule mbande ndi momwe mungasankhire apamwamba? Kupatula apo, wokonza dimba aliyense amadziwa zakwiya ndi kukhumudwa, pomwe mbande zake zidafunikira masiku awiri kubzala mu malo osabisika, kuti musatembenuzire masamba ake pakuwala. Malangizo angapo othandiza angakuthandizeni maonekedwe kuzindikira ndi kugula mbande zabwino.
Zogula mbande mumbale.
Nthawi yabwino kugula mbande ndi liti?
Ogulitsawo amabweretsa mbande zawo zoyambirira kumsika kummwera chakumapeto kwa Marichi kapena koyambirira kwa Epulo (kabichi koyambirira, maluwa ena). Tengani nthawi yanu kuti mugule. Mbeu imeneyi imatha kuumitsidwa bwino, kufesedwa koyambilira, ndipo mwiniayo akufulumira kuti akatenge katundu wosawonongeka. Mbeu zotere nthawi zambiri zimafa ndi 50-70%, zimafunikira chisamaliro chowonjezereka monga malo okhala kwakanthawi.
Ndikofunika kudikirira kuti dothi lisungunuke muzu wosanjikiza mpaka kutentha kotentha komanso nthawi yopanda chisanu. Pa mbewu zosagwira ozizira (kabichi, saladi, udzu winawake), dothi liyenera kutenthetsedwa ndi mizu yopezeka ndi anthu 10cm mpaka 10 + + 12ºС. Tomato wowonjezera wa thermophilic - + 12 ... + 14 ° С, tsabola ndi biringanya - kupitilira + 15 ° С.
Mbande yokhala ndi mizu yosakhwima makamaka yosalolera kuti ikasambitsidwe - nkhaka, zukini, dzungu, mavwende - + 17 ... + 18 ° С. Mbewu zobzalidwa m'nthaka yozizira zimasiya kupanikizika kwa nthawi yayitali, musayambe kupanga mizu ("amaundana"), mbewu zimazika nthawi yayitali, kudwala.
Ndikwabwino kudikirira mpaka kutentha kwokhazikika kwa mpweya kumakhazikitsidwa, osati kutsika kuposa + 14 ... + 20 ° С, kutengera mtundu ndi zikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana. M'zaka zaposachedwa, kusintha kwa kutentha kwa mpweya kumakhala kovuta kulosera. Ngakhale kumwera (kumwera kwa Moldova, Ukraine, madera ena akumwera kwa Russia), chisanu cham'mawa kwambiri chimatha kugunda mbewu yonse itatha Meyi 8-10. Samalani!
Inde, sizoletsedwa kugula mbande zoyambirira ngati zakonzedwa kuti zibzale pa kama ofunda kapena pogona pongokhala.
Osagula mbande kuti mudzazigwiritse ntchito mtsogolo. Ndiye kuti, musasiye masiku 3-4 m'madzi kapena chonyowa. Mbewu zotere sizidzakhala ndi masiku atatu kapena atatu, koma 8-10, kuzolowera malo otseguka zimatenga nthawi yayitali ndikufunika ntchito yowonjezera / chisamaliro.
Osagula mbande za mbewu zonse nthawi imodzi. Mofulumira mukabzala, makamaka m'nthaka yosasunthika, imadzala ndi zotsatira zoyipa. Ndikwabwino kugula mbande nthawi m'mawa mpaka maola 10 mpaka 11 ndi kuwabzala tsiku lomwelo patatha maola 15. Kutentha kwamasiku kudzatha, usiku wonse mbewu zimasinthana pang'ono ndi chilengedwe. Ngati masiku atentha, musaiwale pritenit mbewu kuchokera 11-12 mpaka 15 maola kuchokera kuyatsa dzuwa.
Msika, musanagule mbande, onani zomwe zaperekedwa. Ganizirani zokonda mabungwe omwe ali ndi ziphaso zoyikapo malo ndi zilolezo zina zogulitsa.
Lekani kusankha pa mbande zomwe zaikidwa m'mabokosi, matayala, masamba akuluakulu, mapoto, makapu owonetsa osiyanasiyana, osakanizidwa. Makamaka samalani ndi mbande za nkhaka, zukini, squash ndi zikhalidwe zina zomwe zimalekerera moyenera kupitilira. Ayenera kukhala muzotetezedwa ndi mizu yotsekeka.
Mbande za tomato.
Ndi zizindikiro ziti zakunja kusankha mbande zapamwamba?
Ndikofunikira kulabadira zizindikiro zotsatirazi.
Mizu yazomera
Masiku ano, ogulitsa amapereka mbande za ogula omwe adakulitsidwa m'njira ziwiri - ndi mizu yotseguka komanso yotsekeka. Mbande yokhala ndi mizu yotseguka imakonda kusankha. Pamapeto pake, mtundu wa mbande sizimakhudza kulima kapena kutola mbewu mwanjira.
Yang'anirani mosamala mbande ndi mizu yotseguka. Mtundu uliwonse kapena wosakanizidwa suyenera kungokhala mulu, koma uzikhala m'bokosi losiyana. Mizu yatsopano idafalikira mizu ndipo masamba opangidwa ndi glomerulus kapena masamba ndi aang'ono.
Dothi lomwe lili pamizu ya mbande liyenera kukhala lonyowa, osati lonyowa, losavuta kugaya ndi mbewu mukamanjenjemera. Mizu yolankhula yokhala ndi duwa lomata ndi umboni wa mbande zatsopano, ngakhale masamba azomera atawoneka ngati atsopano ndipo saugwira. Mizu pazoyankhula iyenera kuwonekera bwino, ikhale yopanda zophuka, ma tubercles. Malangizo a mizu ayenera kukhala oyera, amoyo, osakongoletseka ndi khungu lolimba.
Zimakhala zothandiza kugula mbande za mbande zonse zobzalidwa mosiyanasiyana, mapiritsi, makaseti, mapoto ndi makapu. Mbande zatsopano zokhala ndi mizu ya fibrous zimazika mizu m'malo atsopano, koma ndi tsinde, monga lamulo, sizimatero.
Zomera monga nkhaka, mavwende, zukini, squash ziyenera kugulidwa nthawi zonse ndi chitseko chotsekedwa, kuti poika / kufalikira, muzu wapakati suwonongeka. Mbande za mbewu zomwe zalimidwa mumiphika wa peat-humus zimawoneka kuti ndizabwino kwambiri kubzala.
Gome ili pansipa likuwonetsa magawo a mbande zodzala mbewu zazikulu zamasamba. Mukamasankha mbande, samalani ndi zotsatirazi zakunja.
Mbande za saladi.
Magawo akunja a mbewu yabwino - gome
| Chikhalidwe | Wotalika masentimita | Chiwerengero cha masamba, ma PC | Maluwa, masamba, ma PC | Pazitali, mm | Zindikirani |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tomato woyambirira | 20-30 | 5-6 | Burashi wamaluwa, maluwa awiri | 7-8 | |
| Tomato sing'anga komanso mochedwa | 25-35 | 8-10 | Burashi wamaluwa | 7-10 | Pa Tomato wapakatikati, pamatha kukhala burashi yamaluwa yomwe siyimasamba |
| Tsabola | 20-25 | 6-8 koyambirira, 8-12 pakati komanso mochedwa | 3-4 masamba | 4-6, 4-8 | Pesi ligwada, siphulika |
| Tsabola wowotcha | 12-15 | 5-7 | 1-3 masamba | 1,5-2,5 | Masamba aang'ono ndi ochepa kuposa pepala laku Bulgaria, lotchulidwa |
| Biringanya | 15-25 | 6-7 | 1-2 masamba | 6-7 | Ma Bud nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mitundu yoyambirira |
| Nkhaka | 12-15 | 5-6 | Ma Bud | 3-4 | |
| Squash, squash | 15-20 | 2-3 | Bud (s) | 5-7 | |
| Anyezi | 20-25 | Mapepala atatu owona | - | 5.0 (tsinde labodza) | |
| Yoyambira kabichi | 13-15 (mwendo) | 5-6 | - | Mwendo - mtunda kuchokera khosi la mizu mpaka masamba oyamba |
Msonga Wam'munda
Kutalika kwa mbande za phwetekere, tsabola wa belu, biringanya, zimayambira zabodza za anyezi ayenera kukhala 25-30 cm.
Kabichi ili ndi tsinde loyambirira la 13 cm, ndipo mochedwa - 15-20 cm.
Zophatikizidwa kukula kwake, mbande zazambiri ndi umboni wowonekera bwino kuti mbewuzo zidalimidwa ndikutsatira zonse zofunika pazakudya, kuthirira, kuyatsa, nthaka ndi kutentha kwa mpweya.
Mmera phesi
Tsinde ndilowongoka, osati lopotoza, losalala, lopanda ming'alu, ziphuphu (ngati ichi sichizindikiro chachilengedwe). Tsinde la mbande yokhala ndi kupindika kofewa siliphwanya (overfed, greasy), koma limakhotakhota mosavuta ndikubwezeretsa malo okhazikika.
Makulidwe / mainchesi a tsinde mu mbande zoyambirira za phwetekere ndi 7-8, pambuyo pake - 7-10 mm, pang'ono pang'onopang'ono, pang'ono papo.
Mu biringanya ndi tsabola wa Chibugariya, phesi ya mbande imakhala ndi awiri of 6-7 ndi 4-6 mm, motero, pakhosi pamizu. Mu biringanya, tsinde limakhala loyipa pang'ono chifukwa cha pubescence, mu tsabola - wobiriwira wakuda, wosalala. Ma internode sapitilira masentimita 2.0-2.5. Zomera ndizotetezeka, mbewu yonseyo ndi ya mtundu womwewo.
Mu kabichi, tsinde limakhala ndi kutalika kuchokera ku khosi la mizu mpaka masamba oyambira 3-6 cm. Mbande zopangidwa bwino zimatha kukhala ndi tsinde lokwanira pafupifupi 8-10 mm. Zomera zokhala ndi shaky mphukira ndi mainchesi oyambira osapitirira 3-4 mm sizikufunika kugula. Tsinde liyenera kuwongoka popanda kupindika. Ngati tsinde limapindika, zimatenga nthawi yayitali kubzala mbande, ndipo mbewuzo zipse patatha milungu iwiri. Osauka, opanda zopinga komanso zakuda. Kupatuka konsekonse kolimba kumawonetsa matenda kapena kupezeka kwa tizirombo.
Mbande za BiringanyaMasamba ophuka
Masamba a mitundu yonse ya mbande azigwirizana ndi mitundu ya mitunduyo. Masamba obiriwira osakhala mwachilengedwe ndi umboni wa kupitirira kwa nayitrogeni. Chomera chokha chimakhala chosalimba komanso chosweka mosavuta. Ngati mitundu yachilengedwe ya masamba a mtundu wina wamba simukudziwa, mutha kuyang'ana mbande zaogulitsa angapo, pezani mitundu ingapo yomwe mukufuna kuchokera kwa eni angapo ndikuyang'ana masamba a mbewu (tsamba loyera, tsamba la masamba, pubescence).
Mu mbande zoyambirira zamtundu wa phwetekere, kuchuluka kwa masamba ophuka bwino ndi pafupifupi 5-6. Chomera chizikhala ndi burashi wamaluwa, makamaka ndi maluwa awiri omwe amatulutsa maluwa. Mitundu yapakati komanso mochedwa ya mbewu 8 imabzala, nthawi zina mpaka masamba 10 owona.
Mbande za tsabola woyambirira, wokonzeka kubzala, ali ndi masamba 6-8 ndi maluwa, ndi 8-12 mitundu yayitali komanso mochedwa. Ngati mitundu ya masamba ndi yobiriwira, ndipo zina zonse zimakhala zabwinobwino, ndiye mutabzala mbande m'masiku 5-6 otsatira, muyenera kudyetsa ma feteleza ophatikizidwa (osakanikirana mosavuta), kulowetsedwa kwa phulusa kapena mafuta okhala ndi zinthu zina.
Mbande zoyambira kabichi zoyambira kubzala zimakhala ndi masamba enieni a 5-6, pakati komanso mochedwa - 6-7. Masamba onse azikhala osasunthika, osapumira, pang'ono pang'onopang'ono wairstyle (kuwala kwofiirira kwamtambo ndikotheka). Masamba oderako pang'ono amakhala chizindikiro cha kuwonongeka kwa matenda wamba - keel.
Nkhaka mbande zogulidwa m'sitolo.
Zolakwika wamba posankha mbande
Osagula mbande zokulira. Sipangakhale mbewu yoyambilira komanso yolimba, chifukwa imakhala nthawi yambiri pakusintha ndi kuzika kwa mizu.
Masamba amtundu, wopanda utoto, wamtali wopendekeka, mizu mu mawonekedwe a masamba ophukira - mbande zotere sizoyenera kubzala.
Pamutuwo pali masamba owachotsa, mawanga amdambo ndi mizere yaying'ono pa zimayambira, masamba obiriwira osalala okhala ndi malangizo owuma. Ndi bwino kukana mbande zotere. Iyenso sioyenera kuyika.
Tikukhulupirira kuti malangizo omwe aperekedwa munkhaniyi akuthandizani kukhala ndi mbande zapamwamba komanso kukulitsa zipatso zabwino.
