Cineraria (Cineraria) ndi mtundu wa mbewu ya banja la Aster kapena Asteraceae. Wamaluwa amalima mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya cineraria ndi mitundu ya banja la ceneraria la godson (Senecio), omwe ndi mamembala a banja la asters, omwe ndi oimira banja la astro. Mitundu ya genus cineraria imagwirizanitsa pafupifupi mitundu 50 yomwe imapezeka m'chilengedwe, pomwe malinga ndi magwero osiyanasiyana, pali mitundu 3,000 ya ana amulungu. Pansipa tikambirana za mitundu ya cineraria ndi ana aikazi, omwe amadziwika kwambiri pakati pa olima dimba.
Mu Latin, cineraria amatanthauza "phulusa." Imayimiridwa ndi zitsamba ndi zomera za herbaceous. Kuthengo, duwa lotere limatha kukumana kokha m'malo otentha a Africa ndi Madagascar. Kunyumba, ndimagazi okhaokha amakanema (Cineraria cruenta), omwe amatchedwanso hybrid cineraria (Cineraria hybrida), omwe amakula, koma kwenikweni mbewu iyi ndi mtanda wosakanizidwa. Mu munda wamaluwa, mtengowu umalima ngati pachaka kapena zingapo. Kutalika kwa chitsamba ndi mphukira zophukira kwambiri ndi masentimita 30-90. Masamba akuluakulu amtundu wa petiolate ndi oboola kapena opindika, m'mitundu yambiri amasanjidwa bwino. Pamaso masamba ndi mphukira pamakhala kupindika. Zomwe zili kumapeto kwa corymbose inflorescence zimaphatikizapo mabasiketi ang'onoang'ono kapena mabasiketi osavuta okhala ndi maluwa, okhala ndi zoyera, zofiirira, zofiira ndi zachikaso. Amakhala mozungulira kachigawo kakang'ono kwambiri ka maluwa achikasu. Maluwa amawonekera kuyambira theka lachiwiri la June mpaka chisanu choyamba.
Kukula cineraria kuchokera ku mbewu
Kufesa
Kuti mukulitse cineraria kuchokera ku mbewu, muyenera kugula kaye. Izi zitha kuchitika mu shopu yamaluwa, chifukwa m'minda yotere imatha kukumana nthawi zambiri. Mbewu zimakhala ndi kumera bwino kwambiri. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kufesa mbewu za mbande m'masiku oyamba a Epulo. Kuti muchite izi, beseni liyenera kudzazidwa ndi peat yosakanizidwa ndi mchenga (1: 1). Kubzala kumachitika pamtunda wa gawo lapansi, mbewuzo sizinaikidwa m'manda. Mukabzala, muyenera kutenga wolamulira wamatabwa ndikuphwanya gawo lapansi. Zitatha izi, mbande ziyenera kuthiriridwa ndi sprayer kapena kugwiritsa ntchito njira yotsikirako. Chotetezerachi chimayenera kuphimbidwa ndi galasi yowonekera.
Mbande
Mbewu zoyambirira, monga lamulo, zimawonekera patatha milungu 1-1,5. Zitatha izi, chotengera chiyenera kusunthidwa kumalo komwe kumayatsidwa bwino. Kulowetsa miphika payokha kumachitika pambuyo pa masamba enieni awiri atapangidwa pazomera. Mukadumphira pansi, mbewuyo imayenera kuchotsedwa mosamala ndi dothi. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito batiquette ya peat briquette ngati chidebe, chifukwa, pakubzala m'nthaka pakhala zovuta zingapo kangapo. Mukasamalira mbande zabwino m'mundamo, mudzaza mbewu zamphamvu zazing'ono.
Kubzala cineraria poyera
Nthawi yoti afike
Kupanga maluwa oterowo sikovuta kwambiri, makamaka ngati mukudziwa malamulo oyambira kuwasamalira. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kusankha malo amadzuwa, koma musaiwale kuti nthawi ya nkhomaliro mbewu zotere zimafunikira shading. Nthaka yoyenereradi bwino, yokhala ndi michere, yopanda mbali kapena yamchere pang'ono. Kudzala kwa mbande zomwe zikukula kumatha kuchitika pokhapokha ngati palibe chowopseza chisanu usiku, monga lamulo, izi zimachitika mkati mwa Meyi.
Momwe mungabzalire
Kubzala panthaka ya mbewu iyi sikosiyana ndi kubzala mbewu zina. Mtunda pakati pa mabowo ukhale wazipinda 20 mpaka 25 sentimita. Tikufika timachitidwa limodzi ndi mtanda. Cineraria ikabzalidwa, ndiye kuti pangani nthaka ndikuthirira. Zikakhala kuti pali ngozi ya chisanu usiku, ndiye madzulo, mmera uyenera kuphimbidwa ndi lutrasil kapena spanbond, ndipo m'mawa - yeretsani.
Zosamalidwa
Sikovuta kusamalira duwa ili, koma ndikofunikira kuthiririra molondola. Ndi madzi osakwanira, cineraria imayamba kufooka, ndipo ngati pali chinyezi chambiri, ndiye kuti kuvunda kumayamba kuwonekera pamizu. Tizikumbukira kuti pafupifupi mitundu yonse yazomera sizigwirizana ndi chilala ndipo nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi mvula yokwanira. Mbewuyo ikathirira kapena ngati mvula yadutsa, nthaka ya dothi iyenera kumasulidwa, ndikuchotsa udzu womwe udalipo kale. Maluwa akayamba maluwa, ayenera kudulidwa, chifukwa cha izi cineraria imaphuka nthawi yayitali. Kudyetsa kumachitika nthawi ziwiri kapena zitatu m'milungu inayi ndipo feteleza wa mchere amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamenepa. Mitundu kukongoletsa ukufalikira amafunika kudyetsedwa 1 nthawi m'masiku 7 kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza amaminolo ndi organic. Ngati muli ndi mawonekedwe okongoletsa-okongoletsa, ndiye kuti masamba mu nkhaniyi ayenera kudulidwa akangowonekera.
Kubalana kwa cineraria
Momwe mungakulitsire mbewu kuchokera pofotokozedwa pamwambapa, mitundu yokhayo yokongoletsera yokha ndi yomwe ingafalitsidwe ndi njirayi yokha. Mitundu yamitundu yodzikongoletsa itha kufalitsidwanso ndi njira zamasamba. Seaside cineraria (Cineraria maritima), mwachitsanzo, imatha kufalitsidwa mchilimwe ndi odula masentimita khumi. Pankhaniyi, muyenera "cuticle" (bokosi losunthidwa), momwe zodulidwa zidzabzalidwe. Kusinthasintha koteroko ndikofunikira kuti zitheke kuchotsa mosavuta zovala zazing'ono (zodula) kuchokera kumayendedwe a dzuwa masana. Kuti mupeze, mufunika ma board ndi plywood. Pansipa, musaiwale kupanga mabowo a ngalande. Kenako masentimita khumi dothi losakanizika ndi mchenga limathiridwa, pamwamba pake pali mchenga wowuma bwino wamtsinje (makulidwe sentimita sentimita). Pamwamba pakekedwe ndipo gawo lapansi liyenera kuthiridwa ndi madzi okwanira ndi yankho la pinki manganese potaziyamu. Sinthani kudula kwa zodula pansi pa muzu, kenako kumiza m'magawo mu "cuticle" ndikusunthira dothi mozungulira pang'ono. Zitatha izi, chogwiriziracho chimakutidwa ndi botolo la pulasitiki yokhomedwa, ndikuyiphatikiza pang'ono mumchenga. Pobisalira amatha kuchotsera pokhapokha mizu yathunthu. Ngati ndi kotheka, kuthirira nthaka pamwamba pa mabotolo kuyenera kuchitika kawiri pa tsiku. Zovala zokhala ndi mizu zimayenera kuyamba kuzolowera zakunja, chifukwa muyenera kuchotsa mabotolo tsiku lililonse kwa maola 1-2. Pakapita kanthawi, pobisalira amayenera kuchotsedwa pamabwino ndipo ndi bwino kutero ikakhala mitambo kapena mvula. Pazisanu ndi nyengo yozizira, zodulidwa zimayikidwa m'chipinda chozizira, osazichotsa mu "cuticle". Chapakatikati, amabzalidwa panthaka.
Matenda ndi tizirombo
Zokongoletsa masamba ophatikizira amadzimadzi amatha kutenga kachilomboka pogwiritsa ntchito ufa wa dzimbiri kapena dzimbiri (wokhala ndi chinyezi chambiri komanso kutentha), ndipo nsabwe za m'masamba ndi akangaude zingakhazikikenso. Popeza maluwa amenewa amakhala ndi wandiweyani, zimakhala zosavuta kupewa matenda kusiyana ndi kuchiritsa matendawa. Tizilombo tosakhazikika tomwe timagwiritsa ntchito kupopera tizirombo. Koma tikumbukire kuti mitundu yonse ya mbewuyi imagwirizana kwambiri ndi matenda ndi tizirombo.
Pambuyo maluwa
Zanena kale pamwambapa kuti chomera chowoneka bwino kwambiri cham'mawa chapakati chimalimidwa ndi alimi ngati pachaka. Pankhaniyi, ikazimiririka, imangowonongedwa. Komabe, zokongoletsera komanso zopatsa chidwi ndizotheka kupulumutsa mpaka chaka chamawa. Kuti muchite izi, ayenera kukonzekera nyengo yachisanu, yomwe, tchire lifunika kuphimbidwa ndi masamba owuma. Pomalizira, muyenera kuchotsa masamba, kenako ndikudula mbali zomwe zidasungidwa ku cineraria, chifukwa zimaletsa mphukira zazing'ono kukula. Palinso njira yachiwiri yomwe ithandizire kusunga chomera ichi kufikira nthawi yamasika. Mukugwa, iyenera kuikidwanso mumphika wamaluwa, ndikuisamutsira chipinda chokwanira. Ndikubwera kwa kuphukira kwotsatira, muyenera kungoyendetsa duwa ili poyera.
Mitundu ndi mitundu yayikulu yomwe ili ndi zithunzi
Mitundu yonse ya mbewuyi, yomwe imalimidwa ndi wamaluwa ndi maluwa, agawika m'magulu awiri osiyanasiyana. Yoyamba mwa iwo ndi masamba okongoletsera. Ma cineraria oterowo, monga lamulo, amalimidwa nthawi zambiri panthaka yotseguka. Gulu lachiwiri ndi lokongoletsa. Zomera zoterezi zimamera ngati mbewu zamkati.
Cineraria sea (cineraria maritima)
Amatchedwanso siliva cineraria, siliva cineraria kapena nyanja yammbali. Chomera chokongoletsera komanso chosangalatsa ichi ndi chosatha. Kuphatikizika kwa tsamba lake loyambira kumakhala ndi masamba amitundu yasiliva yobiriwira. Mtunduwu umadziwika kwambiri pakupanga mawonekedwe. Chowonadi ndi chakuti ndi maziko abwino azidyera zina, komanso mbewu zomwe zimakhala ndi maluwa okongola kwambiri. Komanso, mtunduwu umatchedwanso "fumbi la siliva." Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ndi:
- "Fumbi Lasiliva"- tchire tating'onoting'ono timakhala ndi kutalika pang'ono komanso mbale zama masamba.
- "Cirrus"- chitsamba choterocho chimakhala ndi kutalika kwakukulu poyerekeza ndi chakale, ndipo pamtchire lopanda pake pali masamba owoneka bwino.
Wophatikiza Wosakaniza (Cineraria wosakanizidwa)
Omwenso amatchedwa red cineraria, kapena wamagazi cineraria - chomera chamtchire chimakhala chokongoletsera. Chitsamba chimatha kutalika pafupifupi masentimita 30 mwinanso kupitilira apo. Masamba akuluakulu ozungulira amakhala ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 10 mpaka 20. Poyerekeza ndi masamba okongola, maluwa owala amawoneka omwe akufanana ndi daisies kapena daisies. Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ndi:
- Grandiflora - Tchire limakhala ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 50 mpaka 70. Maluwa ndi akulu kwambiri ndipo ali ndi mainchesi 5-8 cm.
- Pawiri - tchire limatha kutalika masentimita 35-70, maluwa amakhala ndi mainchesi mainchesi asanu.
- Stellate - tchire ndilokwera kwambiri (masentimita 70-90), ndipo m'mimba mwake maluwawo ndi masentimita 2-4.
- Chifundo - Chomera chimasiyanitsidwa ndikuti maluwa ake amatha kupentedwa muzosakaniza zamitundu mitundu.
Fine cineraria (Senecio elegans)
Kutalika kwa tsinde lokhazikika kwambiri ndi pafupifupi masentimita 60; pamwamba pake pamakhala mawonekedwe amatsitsi, komanso pamtunda wa masamba. Maluwa amatha kukhala a terry kapena osavuta. Ndi gawo la madengu, omwe ali gawo la inflorescence okhala ndi mawonekedwe a corymbose. Maluwa amatenga mpaka chisanu choyamba. Mitundu yotchuka:
- Nanus - chitsamba chamtundu wamtali woterewu chimakhala ndi kutalika pafupifupi masentimita 25.
- Ligulosus - Maluwa a Terry amatha kujambulidwa m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana.
