Dziko la gusmania ndi nkhalango zotentha za ku South America, pomwe mbewu zimakonda kukhazikika pamiyendo ndi mizu ya nthumwi zazikulu za maluwa. Masiku ano, chikhalidwe chachilendo ndi chomera chotchuka cham'nyumba, ndipo kwa alimi ambiri funso ndilofunika: "Kodi mungasamalire bwanji guzmania mumphika?"
Zomwe muyenera kuganizira mukamasamalira guzmania kunyumba?
Moyo wa epiphyte, wotulutsa chilichonse chofunikira kuti ukhalepo kuchokera kumlengalenga ndi dothi laling'ono laling'ono, adatsimikiza mawonekedwe ena ndi guzmania.
Choyambirira, mawonekedwe ophatikizika ndi pepala, omwe sanapangidwe kuti atsimikizire photosynthesis, komanso kuti atole chinyezi, mitundu yonse ya zinthu zachilengedwe, imakopa chidwi. Mizu ya guzmania, monga ina ya epiphytes, sinapangidwe pang'ono kuti ichotse michere m'nthaka. Ndi yofooka komanso yosalimba, koma mizu iyi:
- opezeka mwangwiro kuchokera kumlengalenga ndi gawo laling'ono kwambiri lodziunjikira pansi pa kalozera ndi pafupi ndi ilo;
- perekani chomera chodalirika pamtengo kapena pamizu yake.
Mosiyana ndi ma epiphytes ena, omwe amadyetsedwa ndi chomera chomwe amakhala, guzmania sikuti ndi majeremusi ndipo imadzithandiza yokha.
Mbali yofunikira pachikhalidwe ndi maluwa ake ataliatali komanso achilendo. Ngakhale maluwawo enieniwo sangatchulidwe okongola, ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala osagwirizana, chifukwa ambiri okonda zikhalidwe zokongoletsa gusmania ndi mlendo wolandilidwa munyumba chifukwa cha zotupa zowala zomwe zimakhazikitsa maluwa pakatha miyezi itatu kapena inayi.
Chidwi cha zokonda zachilendo ndizabwino, koma mawonekedwe achilengedwe a mbewuyo amasiya zomwe zili kunyumba, posamalira guzmania ndikusunga maluwa ake.
Momwe mungasamalire guzmania wowumbika?
Kuti chomera chimveke bwino mnyumbamo, chimafunikira malo pafupi ndi omwe gusmania wamtchire imamera. Zofunikira zazikulu ndi:
- popereka kutentha;
- Pakupanda kukonzekera;
- pafupipafupi, koma osasewera kwambiri;
- pokhalabe chinyezi chachikulu;
- kuvala bwino pakadutsa nthawi yonse yazomera.
Mwachilengedwe, pansi pa nthango yotentha, mbewuyi ili pamawonekedwe ofunda mpaka 18-24 ° C. M'nyengo yozizira kutentha kokha kumatsika pang'ono, ndipo kwa guzmania panthawiyi kukula pa 16-18 ° C kumakhala bwino. Nthawi yomweyo, chinyezi cha mpweya, makamaka m'miyezi yachilimwe, chimachulukitsidwa.
Kanema wonena za kusamalira guzmania kunyumba ukuthandizanso kudziwa zambiri za chomera chosangalatsa ichi ndikusunga zokongoletsera zake kwa nthawi yayitali.
Malo abwino kwambiri ku guzmania komwe kuli chomera:
- adzalandira kuwala kowala koma kosakanikirana;
- sangaululidwe ndi mpweya wowuma wochokera ku radiators;
- adzatetezedwa ku mphepo yozizira ndi zolemba.
Dera lokwanira malowo ndi mazenera akum'mawa kapena kumadzulo. Gusmania wabwino umasinthasintha kuzama kwa loggia wotentha kumwera.
Ngati nthawi yozizira mpweya mchipindacho uli wouma kwambiri, kuthirira masamba kwa tsamba mosakhalitsa kumachitika monga mbali yosamalira guzmania kunyumba. Mtengowo umafunanso momwemonso m'chilimwe momwe kutentha kumapitirira 28 ° C.
Momwe mungamwere madzi guzmania?
Gusmania ndi chomera chotentha chomwe chimangofunika osati mpweya wonyowa, komanso nthaka. Chapakatikati, ntchito za zobiriwira zitafika, chikhalidwecho chimapatsidwa kuthirira pang'ono ndikovala pamwamba. Koma nthawi yomweyo, amayang'anitsitsa mosamala kuti madzi asasunthike mumphika ndi poto, zomwe zimawopseza kuti zingayambitse kuwonongeka kwa mizu komanso maziko ake.
Chomera chomwe chimalandira chinyezi mchikhalidwe chokha kuchokera ku mpweya sichimagwira bwino kutapa kwamadzi ndipo mwina chimafa. Chifukwa chake, musanatsirire guzmania, madziwo ayenera kutetezedwa kapena kudutsa mufeweti. Kuphatikiza apo, mwini zachilengedwe chotentha amayenera kudziwa kuti nthawi yotentha, chinyezi chimathiridwa m'chigawo chapakati chazomera. Momwemonso, kuthira umunthu pachikhalidwe chitha kuchitika.
Monga feteleza wa guzmania, ndikoyenera kwambiri kugula zinthu zopangidwa bwino za bromeliads kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mavalidwe apamwamba azomera zapanyumba zokhala ndi nayitrogeni ochepa. Kuchuluka kwa izi kungawononge mbewu. Ndikosayenera kuti calcium nitrate ndi superphosphate ikhale gawo la mavalidwe apamwamba.
Madzi omwe amatulutsiramo madzi amayambiranso pomwe amatengedwa ndikuphwanyidwamo, ndipo kamodzi pa miyezi iwiri iliyonse amachotsedwamo ndi kusinthidwa mwatsopano.
M'nyengo yozizira, chinyezi chimachotsedwa pamalo ogulitsira kuti zisawonongeke m'munsi mwa masamba. Ndikathirira koyenera, masamba a chomera ali ndi kamvekedwe kabwino, osapukuta ndipo satembenukira chikasu kwa nthawi yayitali.
Momwe mungayikitsire guzmania mchipinda?
Guzmania imagulitsidwa kale pachimake, kotero mutagula chomeracho chisasinthidwe nthawi yomweyo. Ndikwabwino kuchita izi patatha milungu ingapo, pomwe duwa limakondwerera pang'ono.
Kuti khungu lobiriwira lizikhala labwino komanso kusamalira gusmania, monga chithunzichi, chinali chosavuta komanso chothandiza, muyenera kusankha mphika wambiri, koma woszama.
Pansi pa thankiyo pangani zosanjikiza, ndipo monga gawo lonselo gwiritsani ntchito osakaniza a bromeliads. Mutha kudzinyamula nokha dothi pogwiritsa ntchito:
- humus;
- peat;
- mchenga wowuma;
- turf nthaka;
- loam.
Zigawozi zimaphatikizidwa mosiyanasiyana, kenako ndikuphwanya ndi singano zowotchera, sphagnum ndi tizinthu tating'onoting'ono ta makala timawonjezera pang'onopang'ono kwa friability ndi airiness.
Chotsani kuchokera poto wakale kukhala chomera chatsopano chokhwima mosamala, kuyesera kusunga mizu yonse yomwe ilipo. Soketi sanayikidwe, ndipo dothi mutalikuliralo limakumba bwino. Chochititsa chidwi kwambiri ndi mbewu za guzmania, zomwe, monga zachilengedwe, zimabzalidwa pamalo opumulira pa snag, kapena zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga makungwa kapena mbewa. Potere, mtengo wotulutsa uyenera kukonzedwa ndi waya mpaka mizu ya guzmania idakhazikika ndipo sangapereke duwa lolimba.
Tsoka ilo, moyo wachikulirepo umatha pomwe peduncle yazilala. Koma musataye mtima. Ngati chisamaliro cha guzmania, monga chithunzichi, chikuchitidwa moyenera, mbewuzo m'moyo wonse zimasunga kukongola ndi mawonekedwe a malo ogulitsa, limamasula ndikupatsa achinyamata mphukira. Pokhazikitsa malo ogulitsa, gusmania yaying'ono nthawi zambiri imawoneka, yosavuta kubzala mutakhala ndi mizu yawo. Izi zimachitika bwino kumayambiriro koyambira kwakudzuka kwa nyengo.
Kuti "ana" akule mwachangu komanso bwino, chomera chodula chinaudula mzawo womwe unayamba kuzimiririka. Kuchita koteroko kudzapulumutsa guzmania yamphamvu ndikupanga mwayi wopeza zinthu zobzala zabwino kwambiri.
Kuyambira pomwe mphukira zikuwoneka kuti ziku pachimake, zaka pafupifupi 2-3 ziyenera kudutsa. Nthawi yomweyo, guzmania achinyamata adzalimbikitsidwa mwaluso kuti apange masamba. Kuti muchite izi, mbewuyo imasamutsidwira kuchipinda komwe kutentha kumakwezedwera mpaka 26-27 ° C, ndipo patapita kanthawi kubwezera monga momwe zimakhalira.
