Chamomile - Malaya oyera

Kuyambira ubwana, chamomile amadziwika ndi aliyense. Ichi ndi chomera chamadzi, chophatikiza, herbaceous chofika 60cm kutalika, monga amatchedwa asayansi, chamomile (peeled), ndi wa banja Asteraceae. Mwa anthu amadziwikanso pansi pa mayina ena: chamomile wamba, chamomile chamankhwala, udzu wa chiberekero, zakumwa za mayi, udzu wa chamomile, blush, romaine, camila. Maluwa mumadengu mpaka 1.5 cm. Maluwa ochepa pistillate, bango, oyera. Ndizosadabwitsa kuti amatchedwa "chamomile - malaya oyera." Limamasula kwa nthawi yayitali kuyambira Meyi mpaka Seputembara. Zipatso zimayamba kupsa mu Julayi.

Dzina loti Matricaria limachokera ku Latin matrix (chiberekero). Wogulitsa boterm wa ku Germany woyamba adapereka dzinali kwa chomera chomwe chimadziwika ndi mphamvu yakuchiritsa pochiza matenda amchiberekero. Mitundu yotchedwa recutita imachokera ku recutitus (yosalala, yamaliseche) - chifukwa cha kusowa kwa kufalikira mu mbewu. Ku Russia, dzina "camomile" lidawonekera m'zaka za XVIII.

Ena nthawi zambiri amasokoneza mankhwala a chamomile omwe amagulitsa mankhwala, mwachitsanzo, ndi nyvnik wamba (kalonga)wokhala ndi maluwa akulu, osanunkhira (mabasiketi). Ndikosavuta kusiyanitsa chamomile chamankhwala kuchokera kwa atsikana a feverfew (chamomile cha atsikana), koma mtsikanayo ali ndi cholandilira komanso ziphuphu 10 zokhala ndi nthiti 10 zomwe zimagawidwa moyenerera. Nthawi zina kwa chamomile chamankhwala amatenga fungo labwino la chamomile ndi galu chamomile, lomwe limakhala ndi fungo losasangalatsa kwambiri.

Kuthengo, chamomile ya mankhwala atha kupezeka kumapiri ndi kumapiri a Altai, Kuznetsk Alatau, Siberia, mayiko a Baltic, nkhalango yam'mawa ya Eastern Transbaikalia, nthawi zambiri ku Central Asia, kumapiri a Dzungarian Alatau, Tien Shan ndi Pamir Alai. Pokhudzana ndi kuyambitsa kwa chikhalidwe, idakhazikika m'malo ambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri imapezeka m'mphepete mwa msewu, pafupi ndi nyumba, muzomera (monga chomera chaudzu), malo opanda kanthu, ndi ana.

Mlongo wa theka wa mankhwala a chamomile ndi onunkhira a chamomile. Imasiyanitsidwa mosavuta ndi yoyamba chifukwa chosapezeka pamakhala (imakhala ndi maluwa a tubular) okha. Dziko lakelo ndi North America. Pakati pa zaka zana zapitazi, chamomile onunkhira anasamukira ku Sweden. Posakhalitsa adawonekera ku Kamchatka. Mu 1880, adakumana kale pafupi ndi St. Petersburg, ndipo mu 1886, pafupi ndi Moscow. Tsopano mtunduwu umagawidwa pafupifupi kulikonse ndipo ogula amatenga zipatso za chamomile zonunkhira bwino, zomwe sizisiyana ndi fungo la maluwa a chamomile.

Mankhwala a Chamomile amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi madokotala a Greece ndi Roma wakale, anali wofunika mu zakale. Mu ntchito yayikulu ya asayansi aku France komanso dokotala wazaka za XI, Odo wa ku Mena-on-Laura "Pa zikhalidwe za zitsamba" akuti: ".... ngati mumwa ndi vinyo, umawononga miyala mu chikhodzodzo, imatsuka ndikuwongolera komanso ... Colic amayesedwa kwambiri, ndipo kumatulutsa kumayendetsa m'mimba. Kwa iwo omwe ali ndi vuto la jaundice, decoction imathandiza chamomile. Wodwala, komanso wabwino kwambiri m'chiwindi, amachiritsa mavuto; pamodzi ndi vinyo, zimanenedwa kuti amayendetsa mwana wosabadwa; chamomile chobiriwira chanyowa muviniga; sambani mutu wanu - simupeza mafuta ena ochulukirapo".

Maluwa a Chamomile ali ndi 0,1,5,5% kuchiritsa mafuta ofunikira, komanso zinthu zina zamtengo wapatali zothandizira.

Kukonzekera kwa chamomile (maluwa) mu mankhwala ovomerezeka kumagwiritsidwa ntchito monga momwe adanenera adotolo monga spasmolytic, anti-yotupa, antiseptic ndi diaphoretic pamimba yamatumbo, flatulence, kutsekula m'mimba. Chifukwa cha izi, kunyumba, ali ndi zopangira (maluwa), amapanga kulowetsedwa kwamadzi (10 g yamaluwa pa 200 g yamadzi), ndikuumirira maola 4; kapena decoction (supuni yamaluwa mu kapu yamadzi otentha), osasankhidwa ndikutengedwa pakamwa 1-5 pakadutsa 2-3 patsiku. Mitundu iyi ya mulingo itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kunja ngati mawonekedwe a rinses, lotion, enemas.

Maluwa a Chamomile ali m'gulu la zophatikiza zam'mimba ndi zotupa. Mwachitsanzo, ndi gastritis, enteritis ndi colitis, osakaniza a chamomile, yarrow, chowawa, peppermint (m'magawo ofanana) amapangidwa. Masipuni awiri azisakanizo amaswa ndi kapu yamadzi otentha ndikuledzera monga momwe adanenera adotolo ngati tiyi, makapu 1 / 2-1 / 4 kawiri pa tsiku.

M'dziko lathu, mankhwala a romazulan amapangidwa, okhala ndi 96 ml ya chamomile Tingafinye ndi 0,3 ml ya mafuta ofunikira. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati othandizira kukopa komanso osokoneza bongo a zotupa zamkamwa (stomatitis, gingivitis), ndi vaginitis, urethritis, cystitis, dermatoses yotupa, zotupa zam'mimba. Mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwanso ntchito mkati mwa supuni ya 1/2 yaiwisi yaiwisi yophika mu kapu ya madzi otentha, mankhwalawa gastritis, colitis, ndi matenda omwe amayenda ndi flatulence. Kwa enemas, 1.5 supuni ya mankhwalawa amadziwitsidwa mu madzi okwanira 1 litre.

Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito ululu wa chamomile komanso wa rheumatic m'malo olumikizirana mafupa, mabala. Nthawi yomweyo, supuni ziwiri ziwiri za maloko aiwisi zimaphika ndi madzi otentha mpaka chimimba chokhala ngati ma gruel. Kenako imayatsidwa yotentha pa nsalu yoyera ndikuikapo malo owawa.

Chamomile amagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati Chowona Zanyama ngati mankhwala othana ndi kutupa, antispasmodic komanso mankhwala opha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda am'mimba thirakiti, kuledzera, kukokana kwam'mimba, kutulutsa m'mimba ndi kapamba. Omwe ali ndi ana amphongo ayenera kudziwa kuti kulowetsedwa kwa chamomile (1:10) amapatsidwa mlingo wa thupi la 2-3 ml / kg. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mwana wang'ombe akulemera makilogalamu 30, ndiye kuti apatsidwe supuni 3-4 za kulowetsedwa kwa mphindi 30 mpaka 40 musanadyetse kawiri mpaka katatu pa tsiku. Ndi dyspepsia, mlingo uyenera kuchuluka kwa galasi limodzi katatu patsiku kwa ola limodzi kuti colostrum isanamwe. Mlingo wa kulowetsedwa kwa ng'ombe ndi mahatchi - 25-50 g, kwa ng'ombe zazing'ono - 5-10 g, nkhumba - 2 - 5 g, agalu - 1-3 g, nkhuku - 0.1-0.2 g pakalandilidwa . Ndi chithandizo chakunja mu nyama, zilonda zam'mimba, zotupa, chikanga, kutentha ndi kulowetsedwa kwa chamomile (15-20 g ya inflorescence pa kapu yamadzi) kuphatikiza 4 g ya boric acid, kuchapa, lotions, malo osambira amachitika.

Chamomile imagwiritsidwanso ntchito pazodzola. Malingaliro a maluwa ake amapatsa tsitsi la tsitsi lakelo. Ngakhale khungu lomwe limayendetsedwa ndi decoction ya chamomile limapatsidwa ulemu wapadera.

© Erin Silversmith

Mafuta ofunikira amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zakudya zamafuta, ma tinctures. Zimabweranso ngati chosungunulira pokonza phula.

Chikhalidwe cha chamomile chamtunduwu chakhala chodziwika bwino kufamu za boma m'malo osiyanasiyana komanso nyengo yadzikoli. Kututa mitengo yobzala yamtchire kumachitika ku Ukraine (Crimea, Kherson, madera a Poltava), ku Belarus ndi Siberia.

Pazifukwa zamankhwala, gwiritsani ntchito mabasiketi okongola a maluwa osungika poyambira maluwa, okhala ndi maudzu osapitilira 3 cm. Malinga ndi GOST 2237 - 75, zopangira ziyenera kukwaniritsa zofunika izi: kukhala ndi fungo lamphamvu lonunkhira; zokometsera, zowawa; Maluwa a mabango ndi oyera, tubular - chikasu; chinyezi osapitirira 14%, phulusa lathunthu osati oposa 12%; mafuta osachepera 0,3%. Magawo ophwanyidwa mabasiketi akudutsa mu sume yokhala ndi mabowo okhala ndi mulifupi wa 1 mm, osapitirira 30%. Zomwe zili pazinthu zopangira masamba, zigawo za tsinde, mabasiketi okhala ndi zotsalira za mitunda yayitali kuposa 3 masentimita sizoposa 9%. Mabasiketi akuda ndi a bulauni sayenera kupitirira 5%, zosayambitsa zosaposa 1%, mchere osaposa 0.5%. Zinthu zotsogola ziyenera kusungidwa m'matumba, m'matumba, makatoni a plywood osaposa chaka kuyambira tsiku lokonzekera.

Maluwa a Chamomile amayamba patatha masiku 30-50 atamera ndipo amapitilira mpaka m'dzinja. Nthawi zambiri mumapanga zokolola zamtundu wa 3-6 pamene zimakhwima.

Kusunga mabasiketi kumachitika pamanja kapena ndi zisa zapadera. Kuyanika kumachitika kunja mumthunzi, kufalitsa zopangira ndi wosanjikiza wa 5 cm papepala, nsalu. Simungathe kuuma maluwa. Mukayanika, sikulimbikitsidwa kuti mutembenuzire mabasiketi, chifukwa maluwa amatha kugwa. Zipangizo zouma zimapukutidwa mu attics, mu zowuma pamtunda wosaposa 40 °. Kuchokera pa 1 makilogalamu a maluwa osaphika, 200 ga maluwa owuma amalandiridwa.

Mukamakulitsa chamomile m'munda womwe umakhala masiku 25-30 isanabzike masika kapena nthawi yozizira, dothi limakumbidwa mpaka 20-25-25. Kenako, chithandizo chofesa chisanachitike chimachitika kwa masiku 10 - 12, kuchotsa udzu, kutulutsa nthaka ndikuligudubuza (kukokera kumbewu chinyezi). Mukumba, 3-4 kg / m² feteleza wachilengedwe, kuphatikiza nitroammofoski 10 g / m²superphosphate 15 g / m²potaziyamu mchere 10 g / m². Pakalibe feteleza wachilengedwe, ndikokwanira kuwonjezera nayitrogeni pa 10 g / m²phosphoric - 30 g / m²potashi - 20 g / m². Pamodzi ndi njere, superphosphate imawonjezeredwa pamizere - 3-4 g / m².

Kubzala yozizira kumachitika mwachidule; kasupe - akuya masentimita 1-11.5 Kutalika kwa masentimita 45, mbewu kumwa kwa 0,3-0.4 g / m². Mbewu zimayamba kumera pa 6 - 7 °. Kutentha kwabwino kwam'madzi ndi 15-20 °. Nthawi yomweyo, kumera kwa mbeu kumakhalabe mkati mwa 70-87% kwa zaka 4.

© Fir0002

Kuti tipeze mbewu zawo, kukolola kumachitika pa 70% ya inflorescence omwe atenga mawonekedwe ofunda a conical (maluwa oyera oyambira amatsitsidwa pansi). Gawo la mlengalenga limabwidwa m'mawa kwambiri mame. Pambuyo pake, imamangiriridwa pamitolo (mitolo), yomwe imayanikidwa pansi pa denga pa tarpaulin (canvas), kenako inflorescence youma imadutsidwa ndi chidebe cha 1-2 mm ndikusungidwa m'zipinda zouma. Sikoyenera kuyang'ana mbewu yofesa kwinakwake - poyamba imatha kutolera kuchokera kumera zakuthengo.

Mukamasankha tsamba, muyenera kukumbukira kuti chamomile ndi chomera chachikulu, choncho ziyenera kuyikidwa m'malo otseguka, m'njira, pazomata patali pafupi ndi nyumbayo. Amakongoletsa chiwembucho.

Zida zogwiritsidwa ntchito:

• A. Rabinovich, Dokotala wa Sayansi ya Zamankhwala