Parsnip

The herbaceous perennial chomera parnip meadow, kaya kufesa, kapena wamba (Pastinaca sativa) ndi mtundu wa genus Pasternak banja Celery, kapena Umbrella. Dzinalo la mtunduwu lidapangidwa kuchokera ku liwu Lachilatini "pastus", lomwe limatanthawuza "chakudya, chakudya, zakudya". Mwa anthu, mbewu yotereyi imatchedwanso mizu yoyera, karoti yoyera kapena borsch yamunda. Mtunduwu umachokera ku Mediterranean. Parsnip wakhala akudziwika ndi munthu kwa nthawi yayitali kwambiri, pomwe kutchulidwa koyamba kwapezeka m'mabuku a Dioscorides ndi Pliny, omwe adayamba mzaka za zana la 1 BC. Mbewu zachikhalidwe ichi zidapezeka ku Switzerland panthawi ya kufukula kwa Neolithic. Aroma akale, komanso Agiriki, amadziwa chomera chotere chotchedwa "pastinaka", chimadyedwa, chinagwiritsanso ntchito ngati mtengo wochiritsa, chimagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati chakudya cha ng'ombe. Pofika pakati pa zaka za zana la 16, chikhalidwe ichi chinali chotchuka kwambiri ku Europe, mwachitsanzo, mbatata pambuyo pake, ndiye amene pambuyo pake adzalowetsa masamba a masamba aku Europe. Ku Russia, chomera ichi chidawoneka koyamba m'zaka za zana la 17, kenako chimatchedwa "borsch." Masiku ano, pamikhalidwe yachilengedwe, imapezeka m'malo otopetsa pakati pa zitsamba ku Turkey, Western Siberia, Caucasus ndi Europe. Kulima ku Parsnip kumachitika pafupifupi m'maiko onse.

Mawonekedwe a Parsnip

Kutalika kwa phesi lakuthwa lopindika kumatha kusiyanasiyana kuchokera pa 0,3 mpaka 2 metres, ndipo lili ndi mawonekedwe akuthwa, ndipo pamtunda pali nkhope yake. Mbali yakumwamba ya tsindeyo ndi yophuka. Zomwe zimapangidwa ndi masamba osaphatikizidwa zimaphatikizapo magawo awiri mpaka asanu ndi awiri a timabuku tating'onoting'ono tambiri kapena toterera, kumtunda kwake amakhala sessile, ndipo m'munsi amakhala ndi petioles lalifupi. Kukula kwa muzu mbewu kumawonedwa mchaka choyamba cha kukula. Ndiwakuthwa, onunkhira, oyera, ali ndi kununkhira bwino, muzu umatha kukhala ndi mawonekedwe a chulu (ngati karoti) kapena ozungulira (ngati malekezero). Mtundu wa mwana wosabadwa potengera chikasu chakuda. Kuphatikizidwa kwa maambulera ovuta kuphatikiza 5 mpaka 15 rai, pomwe imakhala ndi maluwa awiri okhazikika omwe amakhala ndi maluwa achikasu. Parsnip pachimake chimawonedwa mchaka chachiwiri cha kukula. Maonekedwe a mwana wosabadwayo amakhala ozungulirazungulira, oviparous wojambulidwayo amapakidwa utoto wachikasu. Parsnip amamuwona ngati wachibale wapafupi kwambiri ndi mbewu zotsatirazi zam'munda: kaloti, parsley, fennel, katsabola, udzu winawake, koriori ndi lovage.

Kukula kwa masamba a mbewu

Kufesa

Ngati mungaganize zokulira tsamba lanu patsamba lanu, ndiye chinthu choyamba muyenera kuchifesa. Pazomera zonse za mizu, zipatso za parnip ndizomwe zimagonjetsedwa kwambiri ndi chisanu, ndipo zimawoneka kuti mbewu zake zingabzalidwe mwachindunji panthaka yoyambirira, ikangotha kutentha pang'ono. Komabe, wamaluwa amakonda kulima chikhalidwechi kudzera mu mbande, chifukwa mbewu zimakhala ndi mafuta ambiri ofunikira, ndichifukwa chake zimamera nthawi yayitali.

Mbewu zazikulu za mbewuyi zimafunikira kukonzekera kubzala. Poyamba, amizidwa m'madzi ofunda kwa maola 24, ayenera m'malo mwake atangoleka. Pambuyo pake, amathandizidwa ndi othandizira okula, mwachitsanzo: Epin, Heteroauxin kapena Zircon. Mbewu zokonzeka zimafesedwa m'miphika ya peat, yomwe imadzazidwa ndi gawo lapansi la peat. Kusakaniza kwadothi kungagulidwe okonzeka mu sitolo yapadera kapena kupangidwa ndi manja anu, chifukwa muyenera kuphatikiza peat, perlite, dothi lapansi ndi mchenga. Kumbukirani kuti gawo lapansi liyenera kukhala lotayirira komanso lopepuka. Musanayambe kufesa, dothi losakaniza ndi mankhwala opha tizilombo, chifukwa limasungidwa ndikuthira ndi madzi owiritsa kapena owotchera mu uvuni.

Dzazani miphika ndi dothi losungunuka, lomwe limapangidwa bwino kuti lisapitirire 10mm kuposa m'mphepete mwa chidebe, ndiye kuti mbewu ziwiri kapena zitatu zimayikidwa pansi. Kuchokera pamwamba ndikofunikira kuti mudzaze ndi chosanjikiza cha dothi lomweli losakaniza. Kenako zinthuzo ziyenera kuyikidwa pallet, ndipo pamwamba pake zimakutidwa ndi filimu.

Kusamalira Mbewu

Mpaka mbuto ziziwoneka, mbewu zizikhala ndi mpweya wokwanira, chifukwa 1 nthawi patsiku, muyenera kukweza pabalaza kwa mphindi 7-10. Zakhala zikunenedwa pamwambapa kuti mbewu za chikhalidwechi sizimera bwino, chifukwa zimakhala ndi mafuta ambiri ofunikira, pankhaniyi, mbande zoyambirira siziyenera kuwonekera patangotha mwezi umodzi mutabzala. Pomwe mphukira zoyambirira zikuwonekera, pogona chimachotsedwa, ndipo miphika imasunthidwa kumalo abwino.

Mbande zachikhalidwe ichi zimafunikira kuwala kwa nthawi yayitali (pafupifupi maola 14) pankhaniyi, ngati kuli koyenera, kuyenera kuwunikira kowonjezera. Mbande zimamwetsedwa ngati gawo loyera la gawo lapansi kukuuma mumbale. Kumbukirani kuti madzi sayenera kuyenda m'miphika, chifukwa chifukwa cha izi, mbewu zimayamba kupweteka kapena kufa.

Momwe mungayendetsere

Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti mbewu za muzu sizisokoneza kwenikweni kutola; mwakutero, zimalimbikitsidwa kuti zibzalidwe munkhokwe, osati m'mabokosi wamba. Pambuyo pamagawo awiri enieni a masamba pazomera, ndikofunikira kusankha zamphamvu kwambiri mumphikawo, ndikutsina pang'ono pang'ono mbande zotsala pamwamba pa gawo lapansi. Sitikulimbikitsidwa kutulutsa mbande zowonjezera, chifukwa zimatha kuvulaza muzu wa chomera cholimba. Pafupifupi masabata 1.5 musanayike chonde mu dothi lotentha, muyenera kuyamba kuumitsa. Kuti izi zitheke, mbewuyi imayenera kutuluka tsiku lililonse kuti izikhala ndi mpweya wabwino, pomwe nthawiyo njirazi zimakulitsidwa pang'onopang'ono.

Kubzala kwa Parsnip poyera

Nthawi yobzala

Kubzala mbande za padnip ndikulimbikitsidwa pakati pa Meyi, mbewuzo zikakhala ndi masiku 28 mpaka 30. Nthawi zambiri nthawi iyi, masika obwerera masika adasiyidwa kale, ndipo nthaka ndiyotenthetsedwa bwino. Kubzala mbande m'matawuni ndikofunikira nthawi yomweyo, kusintha nyengo.

Dothi labwino

Pakubzala mbande, muyenera kusankha malo okhala dzuwa, komabe, chomera choterochi chimatha kudzalidwa m'malo otetezeka. Imakula bwino pakadutsa mchenga wonyowa, peat kapena loamy nthaka. Chikhalidwe chotere sichimakula panthaka ya acidic; chimatha kuwongoleredwa pochepetsa. Minda yomwe mbewu monga kaloti, parsley, udzu winawake, chinangwa ndi mbewu zina zomwe zidamera kale sizabwino chifukwa chodzala masamba, chifukwa mbewu izi zimadwala ndi matenda omwewo, komanso zimakhala ndi tizirombo wamba. Ndikwabwino kulima mbewuyi pamalo omwe kabichi, mbatata, anyezi kapena beets kale idakula, makamaka ngati feteleza adathira m'nthaka nthawi yomwe amalima. Chowonadi ndi chakuti parsnip imakula bwino panthaka yomwe idachulukitsidwa kale, mogwirizana ndi izi, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tikonzekeretsere tsambalo pasadakhale. Izi zikuyenera kuchitika mu nthawi yophukira, malowo amayeretsedwera ndi udzu womera, ndipo ngati feteleza wachilengedwe sanagwiritsidwe ntchito m'nthaka ino, manyowa owola ayenera kuwonjezeredwa dothi (½ ndowa ya feteleza imatengedwa pa mita imodzi). Pomalizira, musanabzale mbande panthaka yotseguka, malowo amayenera kukumbidwanso, malo ake amakumbidwa, kenako mabedi okwanira amapangidwa.

Malangizo pobzala mbande

Pangani mabowo angapo pabedi, kuti muwone mtunda pakati pawo kuchokera pa 10 mpaka 12 cm, ndipo m'lifupi mwake pakati pa mizereyo muyenera kukhala osachepera 0,4 m.Ukuzama kwa maenje obzala kuyenera kukhala kotero kuti mbewu yomwe ili ndi mphika wa peat ikwanira mwaiwo. Pobzala pomwe mbande zakula m'mbale zapulasitiki, ziyenera kuthiriridwa bwino zisanabzalidwe. Chotsani chomera mosamala ndi dothi lapansi ndikusunthira kudzenje. Zomera zobzalidwa ziyenera kuthiriridwa madzi ochuluka.

Kubzala kwa Parsnip nthawi yachisanu

Mbewuyi itha kubzalidwa pofesa nthawi yozizira. Kubzala mbewu kumachitika mu yophukira mpaka theka lachiwiri la Okutobala, chifukwa chake muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito tsamba lomwe limakonzedwa bwino kwambiri ndipo tikulimbikitsidwa kuti muchite izi mu April. Popeza mbewuzo zimakhala ndi kukula kwakukulu, zidutswa zitatu zimabzalidwa mu dzenje limodzi, zimayikidwa m'nthaka ndi 30-40 mm. Mtunda pakati pa mabowowo uyenera kukhala mainchesi 10 mpaka 12, pomwe m'lifupi pakati pa mizere ndi pafupifupi 0.4-0.45 m. Ubwino wakubzala kwa nthawi yozizira ndikuti mbande zimawoneka nthawi ya masika bwino. Mbewu zikakula pang'ono, zidzafunika kupatulira, ndipo muyenera kusankha chomera champhamvu kwambiri, ndipo zotsalazo ziyenera kudulidwa pang'onopang'ono.

Kusamalira Parsnip

Kukula kwa masamba obiriwira m'mundamu ndi kosavuta. Kuti izi zitheke, mbewu ziyenera kuthiriridwa nthawi yake, udzu, kudyetsedwa ndikumasulidwa pansi panthaka pakati pa mizere. Imathandizira chisamaliro cha ntchentche kuti mbewu iyi imasiyanitsidwa ndi kusachita bwino kwake.

Nthawi yoyamba kukhala yofunikira kumasula nthaka mutabzala mbande kapena mbande zobzalidwa panthaka zitavomerezedwa. Pambuyo pake, kumasula dothi kumachitika nthawi iliyonse mvula ikadutsa kapena kuthirira ukachitika.

Momwe mungamwere

Chomerachi ndi chaumbanda, chimafuna madzi makamaka popanga mizu. Ngati tsambalo lilibe chinyezi chokwanira, ndiye kuti masamba ake amapepuka, kukula kwa chitsamba kumacheperachepera, ndipo muvi ukhoza kuwonekera. Komanso, chifukwa cha izi, mbewu za mizu mu chomera zimatha kukhala zowuma, zotupa komanso zouma, ndipo ming'alu imawonekera pamtunda. Ngati madzi akukhazikika amawoneka m'nthaka, ndiye kuti izi zitha kuyambitsa chitukuko cha matenda oyamba ndi fungus.

Ngati tsabola wakula mu dothi lonyowa, ndiye kuti kwa nyengoyo amafunika kuthiriridwa kamodzi kokha kapena kasanu, kenako pokhapokha pakhale chilala. Mvula ikangogwa mwadongosolo mchilimwe, ndiye kuti simudzayenera kuthirira mbewuyi konse. Pabedi pakathiriridwa, timalimbikitsa udzu, komanso kumasula pansi.

Tiyeneranso kukumbukira kuti nyengo yotentha ndi yotentha masamba a mbewu yotereyi amapereka mafuta ofunika kwambiri, omwe angayambitse kuyaka. Motere, yesetsani kugwira ntchito ndi mbewu zotere m'mawa kapena madzulo dzuwa likalowa.

Feteleza

Mukukula, chomera chotere chidzafunika kudyetsedwa katatu kapena kanayi. Pazovala zapamwamba, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza amadzimadzi okha, mwachitsanzo: yankho la mullein (1: 10), feteleza wamaminidwe kapena kulowetsedwa kwa phulusa la nkhuni.

Pakadutsa masiku 7 mpaka 15 ndikuyika phula mu mundawo, mudzafunika kudyetsedwa ndi feteleza wokhala ndi nayitrogeni. Pambuyo masiku 20, kudya mobwerezabwereza kumachitika ndi feteleza yemweyo. Kuyambira pakati pa Julayi, tchire limayamba kudyetsedwa ndi feteleza wokhala ndi phosphorous ndi potaziyamu. Ngati, pamtengowo pomwe dothi limamera, dothi ndilopatsa thanzi, ndiye kuti tchire silingathe kudyetsedwa, makamaka ngati feteleza kale adaligwiritsa ntchito panthaka.

Tizilombo ndi matenda a parsnip okhala ndi zithunzi ndi mayina

Matenda a Parsnip

Parsnip amatha kutenga matenda omwewo monga zikhalidwe zina za banja la Umbrella. Mwachitsanzo, imatha kudwala septoria, cercosporosis, wet wet rot rot, wakuda zowola (kapena alternariosis), komanso yoyera ndi imvi zowola za mbewu za muzu.

Seporia

Pa masamba a toyesa okhudzidwa ndi septoria, mawanga ambiri a sing'anga amawoneka kuti alibe malire, amapezeka akuda ndi banga, pamapeto pake amakhala amtundu wakuda. Tchire labwinobwino limasanduka achikasu ndi lowuma. Matendawa amakula msanga nyengo yozizira, ngati pali chinyezi chambiri. Matendawa amalowetsa mbewuyo kudzera mwa nestata.

Cercosporosis

Ngati tsitsilo limakhudzidwa ndi chifuwa chachikulu, ndiye kuti mawanga akuwoneka pamabowo ndi masamba, 0,6 cm kudutsa, bulauni kapena mtundu wachikasu wowoneka bwino, yemwe alibe mawonekedwe. Matendawa akamakula, mawanga omwe anali mkati mwake amazimiririka, pomwe malire owazungulira amakhala mdima. Mphepete mwa masamba omwe akhudzidwa amakwezedwa ndikukhala wokutidwa pang'ono. Pamaso pa mphukira, mawanga ofiira ofiira okhala ngati mawonekedwe. Tchire limakhala ndi vuto, ndipo masamba amasintha achikasu ndi owuma.

Wot bakiteriya zowola

Wot bakiteriya owola ndi matenda ofala, amakula kwambiri ndi chinyezi komanso kusinthasintha kwadzidzidzi kwa kutentha. Zomera zomwe zimayambira zimakhudzidwa ndi matenda oterewa paliponse komanso panthawi yosungirako. Matendawa amayamba ndi kuwola kwa mchira. Poyamba, mawanga amadzimadzi amtundu wakuda amapangidwa pach chitsamba. Popita nthawi, zikhumbo zokhala ndi fetid zikukula m'maderawa, zimayenda kuchokera kumizu ngati ntchofu, chifukwa chake nthendayo imafalikira kumatchi ena, ndipo izi zimachitika mwachangu kwambiri.

Alternariosis

Kukola kwakuda (alternariosis) - kukula kwa matendawa kumachitika makamaka pakasungidwa. Pamwamba pa mbewu yazipatso, mawanga owoneka bwino amtundu wakuda, ndipo nyengo yonyowa ikawoneka mawonekedwe akhungu la maolivi akuda. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe timayambukiridwa ndi matendawa timakhala ndi makala akuda.

Sclerotinia

Sclerotinia (imvi zowola) ndi botritis (zowola zoyera) - matendawa amasiyana mu mtundu wa zolembera, zomwe zimapezeka pamizere yazomera. Pa mbewu yazipatso yomwe imakhudzidwa ndi zowola imvi, kumaonekera utoto wonyezimira wa imvi, ndipo kwa iwo omwe akudwala ndi zowola zoyera, mawonekedwe oyera oundana amtunduwu amatsuka ndi khungu loyera la bowa. Kwambiri, matenda ngati amenewa amakhala ndi chinyezi chambiri nyengo yotentha.

Kufufuza kwa Parsnip

Pofuna kupewa matenda oyamba ndi fungus, muyenera kuchita zinthu zingapo:

Kutsatira malamulo oyendetsera mbewu. Patsamba pomwe tsambalo lidakulidwa, amathanso kukhala wamkulu pokhapokha zaka zitatu kapena zinayi.
Malamulo aukadaulo waulimi. Ndikofunikira kutsatira malamulo a agrotechnical a chikhalidwe ichi.
Kukonzekera kwa tsamba. Musanadzalemo masamba a tsambalo, ayenera kukonzekera bwino. Musaiwale kuchotsa mbewu za zinyalala.
Kupanga kukonzekera kwa mbewu. Asanafesere, mbewu zimayenera kutenthetsedwa kwa mphindi 30 m'madzi ofunda (pafupifupi madigiri 50). Kenako zimakhazikika mwachangu ndikuwuma.
Zomera zozikika ziyenera kusungidwa bwino.

Komabe, ngati, pogwiritsa ntchito njira zodzitetezera, njira yoyamba zowola zionekera nkhokwe kapena m'mundamo, ndikofunikira kuchotsa zoyerekeza zonse zomwe zingakhudzidwe posachedwa. Amoyo wathanzi amayenera kuwaza ndi yankho la Bordeaux osakaniza (1%), Topsin-M kapena Fundazol.

Tizilombo ta Parsnip

Choopsa chachikulu ku mbewu yotere ndi njenjete yopanda nyama, cholowera chokhala ndi mikwingwirima, cholakwika ndi sera.

Njenjete

Njenjete ya Caraway imathandizira kuti ziwonongeke za miyambo iyi. Makungu a tizilombo toyambitsa matenda amatha kulowa mkati mwa mphukira, mbewu ndi mizu ya masamba a masamba a zipatso, amaphatikiza minofu yake. Tchire zitaphukira, mbozizo zimakutira inflorescence ndi ma cobwebs awo ndikudya maluwa, ma pedicel ndi mbewu, ndikubisanso mu mphukira.Kuti tithane ndi mbozi zotere, tchire liyenera kuthandizidwa pochotsa nsonga za phwetekere. Kuti mukonzekere, tengani chidebe 1 chamadzi owiritsa tsopano ndi ma kilogalamu 3.5 a phwetekere, osakaniza ayenera kusiyidwa kwa masiku angapo, kenako msuzi ukhale wokonzeka. Iyenera kusefedwa ndikuphatikizidwa ndi magalamu 40 a sopo grated.

Chingwe choluka

Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timene timadya msuzi wa tinsalu tambiri ndi thumba losunga mazira, chifukwa chake timafa.

Chithandizo cham'munda

Chingwe ndi cholakwika ndi utoto wonyezimira, wokhala ndi kutalika pafupifupi 0.4 cm. Tizilomboto tating'ono, akazi amapanga mazira. Kuyambira mazira, mphutsi zimasankhidwa, zomwe zimayamwa msuzi wamasamba kuchokera pamwamba pa tsinde ndi masamba. M'malo omwe mumakhala ma punct punct, kufa, chikasu ndi kuyimitsa minofu imawonedwa, ndipo chifukwa cha kawopsedwe ka tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, mbewuzo zimakhala zopanda mphamvu. M'madera okhala ndi nyengo yotentha, munthawi imodzi, mibadwo itatu kapena inayi ya tizilombo timapangika. Kuti muwononge cholowa cholakwika ndi cholakwika, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito Actellik kapena Karbofos.

Ma nsabwe

Chiphuphuchi ndi chiopsezo chachikulu kwambiri pamtengowo; Amayamwa msuzi wamasamba, chifukwa chomwe tchire limafooka, limakhala lofooka, ndipo chitukuko chimaleka. Kuphatikiza apo, nsabwe za m'masamba ndizomwe zimanyamula matenda oyambitsidwa ndi ma virus omwe amaonedwa kuti ndi osachiritsika. Nsabwe za m'masamba zitha kuyesedwa kuti muwononge ndi wowerengeka azitsamba kapena mankhwala amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochita izi, mwachitsanzo, Biotlin kapena Antitlin, ndipo pankhaniyi mankhwala omwewo atha kuthandiza ngati mukumenyana ndi aphid, mwachitsanzo, Confidor. Pofuna kupewa, maudzu onse amayenera kuchotsedwa pamalowo panthawi yake. Ndipo mbewu zonse zikakololedwa, malowo amayenera kutsukidwa ndi zinyalala zam'mera, komanso kukumba mwakuya.

Kuyeretsa ndi kusungira masamba a zipatso

Kukolola parsnip ndikofunikira m'dzinja, masamba atayamba kufa. Zomera zochotsa dothi zimachotsedwa m'nthaka ndi pitchfork, pomwe muyenera kuyesetsa kuti musavulale. Ngati ndi kotheka, ndiye kuti kukolola kutha kukhazikitsidwa mpaka nthawi yachisanu ikayamba, ndiye kuti kuchokera kutentha pang'ono, mbewu za mizu zimayamba kukhazikika.

Ndikofunikira kugwira ntchito ndi chomera choterocho poteteza manja ndi magolovesi, chifukwa nsonga zake zimatha kuwotcha pakhungu. Zomera zokhazikitsidwa zimasungidwa m'mabokosi odzaza ndi mchenga, kutentha kosungirako kumayenera kukhala kuchokera 0 mpaka 2 madigiri, pomwe chinyezi chimayenera kukhala kuchokera 80 mpaka 85 peresenti. Tizindikire kuti zikasungidwa m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba, mbewu za muzu zimakhala zofewa, chifukwa chake m'malo otentha, pomwe mulibe kwambiri chisanu, sichitha kuchotsedwa m'nthaka.

Mitundu ndi mitundu ya parsnip

Mitundu ya Parsnip ndi mitundu siyambiri. Mitundu yonse yazipatso zamizu imagawidwa yayitali komanso yozungulira. Zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimakhala zazitali zimafunikira dothi lotukuka bwino, ndikuzunguliza - zimasiyanitsidwa ndi kudziyimira kwawo.

Komanso, mitundu yonse imagawidwa ndi kukhwima pa:

kucha kucha - kucha kumatenga masiku 110 mpaka 120 kuchokera tsiku lomwe mbewu zimabereka;
kukhwima kwapakati - akufunika masiku 120-140;
kucha mochedwa - amatha mkati mwa masiku 140 kapena kupitirira.

Mitundu yotsatirayi ndiyotchuka kwambiri:

Kuzungulira. Mitundu iyi ndi yanzeru. Mawonekedwe a mizu ndi ofunikira mozungulira, amajambulidwa utoto woyeretsa, ndipo amalemera pafupifupi magalamu zana ndi limodzi. Guwa ndi loyera, lonunkhira ndipo lili ndi maziko ofiirira.
Cook. Mtundu wonyengawu umakhazikika m'masiku 95-105. Masamba a Rosette amakula komanso yaying'ono. Muzu wozungulira wopindika, wopaka utoto wopaka utoto wowala, ndipo umalemera pafupifupi magalamu 140, pansi umakutidwa bwino. Thupi loyera lili ndi imvi yotuwa.
Chikopa choyera. Izi ndi mitundu yoyambirira kucha. Masamba osalala abwino amapaka utoto, amalemera 90 mpaka 110 magalamu. Dontho lokoma ndi yowutsa mudyo nalonso loyera. Zosiyanasiyana zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe abwino.
Boris. Mitundu yoyambirirayi imakhala yopindulitsa kwambiri. Maonekedwe a masamba amchere a kirimu ndi ofanana, ndipo zamkati zonunkhira zabwino ndizokoma kwambiri.
Hormone. M'mitundu yoyambirira, mbewu zoyera zokhala ndi mawonekedwe ofanana, zimafikira pafupifupi masentimita 22 kutalika, ndi mpaka sentimita 5 kudutsa. Mbewu yamizirayo imamiza munthaka, ndipo imalemera 110 mpaka 130 magalamu. Masamba ophika kapena okazinga amagwiritsidwa ntchito monga mbale yotsogola kapena monga zokometsera.
Kukoma mtima. Zosiyanasiyana ndizakatundu koyambirira. Zomera zokhala ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira ndipo zimasungidwa bwino, zimalemera magalamu 200-350, ndipo zimafikira 80 mm kutalika. Mnofu woyera onunkhira umakhala ndi maonekedwe a mtundu wachikaso chopepuka.
Zabwino koposa zonse. Zosiyanazi ndizapakatikati. Muzu wokhala ndi nthambi yoyesedwa ndi utoto yoyera, umalemera pafupifupi magalamu 200. Mnofu Woyera ndiwotsekemera komanso wonunkhira bwino.
Petrik. Zakudya zamtunduwu zokhwima pakudya kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito kwina konse zimadziwika chifukwa cha zokolola zambiri komanso kukana matenda. Mizu yoyera yoyera ifika masentimita 35 m'litali, ndi masentimita 8 kudutsa. Mphepo yowongoka yokhala ndi imvi imakhala yowutsa mudyo komanso onunkhira.
Gladiator. Wophatikiza wamtunduwu amakhala ndi zipatso. Mizu yoyera yoyera ndi yozungulira. Guwa loyera ndilabwino komanso lonunkhira.
Guernsey. Mitundu yakucha mochedwa imadziwika ndi zipatso zambiri. Zomera zokhazikitsidwa bwino zimasungidwa bwino, zimalemera pafupifupi magalamu 200, ndipo kutalika kumafika pafupifupi 25 sentimita. Masamba oyera oyera okoma onunkhira komanso okoma.
Wophunzira. Mitundu ina yomaliza yotereyi ikulimbana ndi chilala. Masamba okhala ndi mawonekedwe amtundu wakuda kutalika amafika masentimita 30 ndikulemera pafupifupi gramu 160. Mnofu wamafuta onunkhira wopaka utoto.

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kusankha kwa Mitima ndi yachilendo monga: Hole Crown, Contess, Javelin ndi Tender ndi Tru ndiwotchuka kwambiri pakati pa wamaluwa.

Katundu wa Parsnip: maubwino ndi zovulaza

Machiritso a parnip

Muzu wa Parsnip muli carotene, ascorbic acid, chakudya, mafuta ofunikira, mchere wamchere, komanso mavitamini a B (B1, B2, B3). Zakudya zamafuta zomwe zimapanga zimatha kugaya mosavuta, ndipo zimakhala ndi potaziyamu yambiri, ndipo zimasintha kayendedwe ka magazi ndi chimbudzi, komanso zimakhudza mkhalidwe wamanjenje. Kuphatikizika kwa ma macro- ndi ma microelements ndi mavitamini omwe ali pachomera ichi ndikufanana kwambiri ndi sipinachi. Masamba ali ndi mafuta ambiri ofunikira, ndipo muzu womwe umakhala ndi mafinya komanso sucrose womwe suvulaza odwala matenda ashuga, amakhala owonjezera katatu kuposa kaloti.

Chomerachi chimakhala chosiyana ndi zina zake chifukwa chimakhala ndi zinthu zomwe zimatha kuthana ndi spasms. Ngati munthawi yake komanso molondola pali muzu wazomera pa grater, ndiye kuti aimpso kapena hepatic colic akhoza kuchotsedwa. Chomera chilinso ndi tonic, expectorant ndi analgesic kwenikweni. Kuyambira kale, yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati diuretic ya edema, komanso ngati njira yosinthira chilimbikitso, kulimbitsa makhoma a ziwiya zapamwamba komanso zolimbikitsa kugonana. Pakadali pano, chomerachi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza, komanso kupewa matenda a mtima. Asayansi adachita zoyesa zambiri zomwe zidapangitsa kuti zidziwike kuti ma furocoumarins omwe amapezeka mu parsnip amathandizira chidwi cha khungu kumayendedwe a ultraviolet. Katunduyu amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mafuta obzala omwe amakhala ndi matenda a Vitiligo.

Zomera zotsogola zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga kukonzekera "Beroxan" ndi "Eupiglin", omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza nesting dazi ndi vitiligo. Ndipo amapanganso furocoumarin pastinacin, yomwe ndi vasodilator, imagwiritsidwa ntchito popewa kugunda kwa angina ndi mtima neurosis komanso kuperewera kwa mtima, komanso zochitika zina zam'mimba.

M'mbuyomu, kuti musinthe komanso kuti mukhale ndi chidwi chofuna kudya, zinali zofunikira kuti titenge muzu wa mbewuyi pakuwala. Mu kulowetsedwa kwa muzu masamba m'madzi kunagwiritsidwa ntchito kubwezeretsa nyonga mu odwala kwambiri. Ndipo kulowetsedwa kotereku kumadziwika ndi kusinthi mphamvu, pokhudzana ndi izi amalimbikitsidwa kwa matenda a neurosis komanso kusowa tulo.

Contraindication

Parsnip ndi kukonzekera komwe kwapangidwa pamaziko ake sikungagwiritsidwe ntchito kwa anthu omwe ali ndi tsankho limodzi, komanso kwa odwala omwe ali ndi photodermatosis - kutupa kwa khungu chifukwa cha chidwi chake ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa. Chowonadi ndi chakuti zinthu zomwe zili mumizu yotere zimathandizira chidwi ichi. Phula lina silikulimbikitsidwa kwa ana aang'ono ndi okalamba.