Kubzala Kalokhortus ndi maluwa akunja akusamaliraKalohortus m'dera lathu ndi osowa, chifukwa sichidziwika. Mukawona kutumphuka kwamatumbo a kalohortus, ofanana ndi mapiko a njenjete, ndiye kuti simungakhale opanda chidwi. Amabweretsa zachilendo pakupanga kwamundawo, ndipo amathanso kukhala wamkulu m'nyumba.
Kalochortus (lat. Calochortus) ndi chomera cha herbaceous chopatsa mphamvu cha banja la Lily. Masamba a masamba ali ochepa mzere, ambiri amaphatikizidwa muzu, masamba angapo amapezeka pa tsinde. Phula lokhala ndi maluwa limakhala lopindika, lopyapyala, lopindika bwino, kutalika kwake ndi 10-80 cm, mwa mitundu ina limafikira 2 m.
Maluwa
Maluwa ndi akulu, amakhala pamwamba pamitu ya zimayambira mwachisawawa kapena amatengedwa mu maambulera inflorescence. Kupaka utoto: zoyera, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya pinki, chikasu, lilac, ofiira. Mitundu itatu yamphiri ndi manda atatu amapanga perianth, ndipo zinthu izi nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana, m'mitundu yambiri mafelemuwo amakhala ndi malo osiyana.
Malo omwe kalohortus adabadwira ndi America, pomwe amachokera kumadzulo kwa United States, Canada kupita ku Guatemala ndi Mexico. Anthu achikhalidwe (Amwenye) amadya anyezi a kalohortusa mu chakudya (chophika, chokazinga).
Kalohortus (kakombo ka Sego) ndi chizindikiro cha Utah ndipo wakhala akutetezedwa ndi boma kuyambira 1911.
Kodi kalohortus limayamba liti?
Kutengera ndi mitunduyi, nthawi yamaluwa imachitika masika kapena chilimwe.
Mu kalohortusa njira yodziwika bwino yoberekera yomwe ili ndi michere yambiri: mbewu ndi masamba (mababu a mwana wamkazi).
Kukula kalohortusa kuchokera ku mbewu
Chithunzi cha mbewu ya Kalohortus
M'malo osungika bwino (njere ziyenera kusungidwa m'thumba pepala m'malo owuma ndi otentha) kumera kwa nthangala kumapitilira kwa zaka zitatu.
Njira yolimira imadalira mtundu wamtunduwu. Lamulo lalikulu ndizakuya kwakamizidwa, 0,5-1 masentimita, chifukwa mbewu ndizochepa kwambiri. Ndi kufesa kwa masika, mutha kuwaza mbewu panthaka ndikutseka ndi peyala. Ndi kufesa kwa nyengo yozizira, kuya kwa kufesa kumatha kuwonjezeka pang'ono, kubweretsa 1-1.5 cm. Mtunda pakati pa mizere ndi 20-25 cm.
Mitundu ya Alpine (yobadwira ku mapiri aku California) adzafuna nthangala yophatikizika
- Mbewu zimayikidwa mu thumba lamchenga wonyowa, perlite kapena vermiculite ndikuisunga mu gawo la masamba mufiriji mpaka kumera (njirayi imatenga milungu iwiri mpaka miyezi 4).
- Ndiye zofesedwa poyera mu kasupe.
- Mutha kubzala m'nyengo yozizira (ndiye kuti njere zitha kubisala panthaka), koma pamakhala chiwopsezo cha kuzizira kwa zinthu zofesa nthawi yachisanu.
- Nthawi yochokera ku maluwa oyamba ndi zaka 6.
Kukula mbande (zofunika mitundu yokonda kutentha)
Kalokhortus kuchokera kumbewu chithunzi
Kwa mbewu za thermophilic mitundu, stratation siyofunika. Mu febru-Marichi, dzalani muchidebe chokhala ndi michere nthaka.
- Tsekani njere zosaya, ingosinizani pang'ono m'nthaka, kutsanulira ku sprayer wobalalika ndikuphimba ndi filimu kapena galasi.
- Patsani nyali zowala ndi kutentha kwa mpweya mkati mwa 20 ° C.
- Tenthetsani mbewuzo pobzala mbande, pang'onopang'ono muzolowere kukhala opanda pokhala. Podzafika dzinja, anyezi wochepa adzawoneka.
- Tengani chidebe chofesa kuti mukhale ndi mpweya wabwino (onetsetsani kuti shading ndi mpweya osapitirira 28 ° C).
- Mbeu zina zimatha kumera chaka chamawa.
- Madzi pang'ono, dyetsani zovuta za feteleza wa mchere (wokwanira 1 nthawi imodzi).
- Potseguka, mbewu zazing'ono zimasulidwa pambuyo pa 2 nyengo. Maluwa adzachitika mchaka cha 3-4.
Kufalikira kwa mababu a kalohortus ndi ana
Zithunzi za Kalohortus chithunzi
Kuphatikiza kwamasamba (a mababu) ndikofunikira mbewu. Mababu amakumbidwa kumapeto kwa maluwa, ana aakazi amasiyanitsidwa, mitundu (mitundu yayikulu kwambiri komanso yabwino kwambiri imasankhidwa).
Youma kwa masiku angapo m'malo otetezedwa ndi mpweya wabwino, pomwe kutentha kwa mpweya kuyenera kukhala pafupifupi 20 ° C. Kenako ayikeni pamakatoni, osungira m'malo ozizira amdima (gwiritsitsani gawo la 10-15 ° C) mpaka atabzala pamalo otseguka.
Nthawi yayitali
Magulu a mitundu ya Kalochortus yomwe yatulutsa masika iyenera kubzalidwa yophukira (lofanana ndi tulips). Pambuyo pa chisanu choyamba, mbewuzo zimaphikidwa ndi kompositi kapena peat.
Mitundu yotulutsa chilimwe imakumbidwa pambuyo pa maluwa ndikusunga mababu mpaka kubzala kwa masika. Ndikosavuta kuyiyika muzidebe zokhala ndi mabowo otayira - madziwo akamwalira pansi amapititsidwa pansi, mchaka dothi lonyamulidwa limasinthidwa.
Malo okula
Kuti mukule kalohortusa sankhani malo abwino okhala ndi chitetezo pamphepo yamphamvu ndi kukonzekera, mwina pang'ono pang'ono.
Nthaka yoyatsidwa bwino ndiyofunikira. Dothi louma loukika lomwe silimagwira nawo ndale limakhala loyenera: chifukwa cha mitundu ya mapiri, kupezeka pang'ono kwamchere ndikofunikira.
Kubzala ndi Kusamalira Kunja kwa Calohortus
Kodi ma bulalo a kalohortus abzalidwe pati?
Kupanga Ndi Kukulitsa Bulb
Musanabzale, chithandizo choyambirira cha mababu chidzafunika: kwa mphindi 30. kumiza iwo mu kuwala-pinki njira ya potaziyamu permanganate (potaziyamu permanganate), nadzatsuka ndi youma. Pangani ma grooves ndi chomera chakuya chofanana ndi ma diameter awiri (mulimonsemo, kuya kwa kubzala sikuyenera kupitirira 15 cm, komanso kukhala osachepera 5 cm).
Ngati kubzala kuli kwambiri, mababu amakhala ochepa. Sungani mtunda wa pafupifupi masentimita 10 pakati pa mbewu iliyonse.Pomabzala, kudya sikulimbikitsidwa: masamba amatenga zipatso zomwe zimasokoneza maluwa.
Kuthirira
Zosamalira zonse za mmera zimatsikira kuthirira pang'ono panthawi yachangu. Kuthamanga kwamadzi kumawononga mababu. Pambuyo maluwa, kuthirira amayimitsidwa.
Mavalidwe apamwamba
Feteleza kumakhudza bwino mbewu. Pali zovala zokwanira 3 pakukonzanso nyengo: koyambirira kwammawa, gwiritsani ntchito feteleza wama mineral, nthawi yophukira, yang'anani phosphorous, maluwa atatha, pakufunika potaziyamu.
Pofika pakati pa chilimwe, masamba amasanduka achikasu ndikufa - mbewuyo imabisala.
Zima nyengo yachisanu
Pogula zinthu zofunikira kubzala, muyenera kufunsa za nyengo yozizira yomera. Mitundu / mitundu ya kalohortus yokhala ndi nthawi yolimba yozizira 6-10 yozizira ndibwino kukumba. Ndi nthawi yozizira yolimba ya 4-5 (imatha kupirira kutentha kutsikira mpaka-34 ° C), muthaisiya nthawi yachisanu yozizira.
Kuti maluwa asatenthedwe nyengo yachisanu, ndikukhazikitsa kutentha kolimba mu nthawi yophukira, masoka azikulungika ndi ma peat kapena kompositi.
Zotsatira za nyengo yozizira imatha kusowa maluwa nthawi imodzi yokulira, koma chaka chamawa maluwa atukuka bwino.
Kukumba ndi kusunga mababu
Mababu amakumbidwa kumapeto kwa maluwa pomwe masamba awuma. Sinthani, yowuma, konzani mabokosi a katoni ndikusunga m'malo ozizira, owuma osapeza kuwala kwa dzuwa.
Matenda ndi Tizilombo
Mababu a kalohortusy kulawa osati amwenye aku America, komanso makoswe, mbewa, akalulu ndi mavu. Za nkhondo yolimbana ndi makoswe m'munda, werengani nkhaniyi.
Bacteriosis ya Kalohortus imayamba chifukwa cha dothi lodzaza madzi. Popewa bacteriosis, tikulimbikitsidwa kukumba mababu a kalohortus ndikusawuma, kapena kuphimba malo obzala ndi zojambulazo kwakanthawi kochepa kwamvula.
Mitundu ya kalohortus yokhala ndi zithunzi ndi mayina
Mwathunthu, pali mitundu pafupifupi 70 ya mtundu wa kalohortusa.
Nthawi zambiri amagawika m'magulu atatu
Gulu 1 - Kalochortus Mariposa (maluwa a Mariposa)
Awa ndi ma kalohortusy amtali, m'malo achilengedwe omwe amagawidwa m'miyala yowuma, m'nkhalangozi za zitsamba zaminga, mapiri. Corollas atsogola kapena mbali. Ziphuphu ndizosalala, pamakhala malo owala pamunsi. Zolima muzikhalidwe za mzere wapakati, gululi ndi langwiro.
Ganizirani oyimira ena m'gululi:
Calochortus wokongola wa Calochortus venustus
Chithunzi cha Kalochortus chokongola cha Calochortus venustus
End End California, komwe imapezeka pamalo okwera 300-2700 m pamwamba pa nyanja, imakonda malo amchenga. Tsinde ndi nthambi, kutalika kwa 10-60 cm.Mbale zamasamba oyambira ndizoyambira 20 cm, za utoto wonyezimira, zomwe zimayambira nthawi zambiri zimasowa kapena 2-3 zokha. Umbrella inflorescence imakhala ndi maluwa 6 belu. Kukula kwake ndi mtundu wake, ndizosiyanasiyana: mthunzi wa ma petal amatha kukhala oyera, ofiira owala, a pinki, ochokera ku pinki kupita pamtambo wofiirira, kawirikawiri mawonekedwe ovuta amapezeka.
Kalochortus chikasu Calochortus luteus
Chithunzi cha Kalochortus chikasu Calochortus luteus 'Golden Orb'
Mwachidule (pafupifupi 30 cm kutalika), kuchokera ku California. Makulidwe a corolla ndi 3-5 cm, utoto wake ndi wachikasu kwambiri, pakati pali malo owoneka ofiira komanso oboweka tsitsi losowa.
Calochortus yabwino kwambiri Calochortus superbus
Kalokhortus chithunzi chabwino cha Calochortus superbus
Mu chilengedwe, imagawidwa m'mbali mwa mapiri am'mphepete mwa mapiri komanso kumapiri kwa chipululu. Kutalika kwa mtengowo ndi 40-60 cm.Maluwa ndi osakwatiwa kapena omwe amatengedwa mu inflorescence osowa a ma 3 ma PC.
Calochortus Vesta Calochortus vestae
Kalokhortus Vesta Calochortus vestae chithunzi
Kutalika kwa mtengowo kumasiyana 30 cm mpaka theka la mita. Masamba a Basal odulidwa amakhala odulidwa, kutalika kwake ndi pafupifupi masentimita 20. Amamera ku California m'nkhalango za pine komanso zosakanikirana nthawi zonse, amakula bwino dothi. Mtundu wa corolla umayera koyera mpaka utoto, pakati pali malo enaake achikasu.
Gulu 2 - Star Tulips ndi Makutu Amphaka (Star Tulіps ndi Makutu Amphaka)
Zomera zochepa, okhala m'mapiri ataliatali. Ali ndi miyala yambiri yotseguka, yoyambayo ndiyosalala, yomalizayi ndiyopepuka.
Kalochortus Tolmi Calochortus tolmiei
Chithunzi cha Kalochortus Tolmi Calochortus tolmiei chithunzi
Imapezeka pamalo okwera mamitala 2000 kumtunda kwa nyanja kumadera a Washington, California, Oregon, komwe imakula m'malo ouma ndi dothi lodetsedwa. Zomera zimafalikira mofooka, koma mbewu sizifunikira stratization ndi kumera bwino. Kutalika kwa chomera ndi 10-60 masentimita. Tsinde lokhala ndi maluwa nthawi zambiri limakhomedwa ndi maluwa ambiri, ndikuyang'ana kumwamba. Mitundu: kuyambira yoyera, kirimu mpaka wofiirira, lavenda, pamwamba pa nsalazi yokutidwa ndi tsitsi lalitali.
Kalohortus wosagwirizana Calochortus monophyllus
Chithunzi cha Kalokhortus chosagwirizana cha Calochortus monophyllus
Amakonda mchenga wopanda dothi ndi dongo; chilengedwe chake chimakhala pamalo okwera mamilimita 400 mpaka 1200 pamwamba pa nyanja. Kutalika kwa mtengowo kumangokhala masentimita 20. Maluwa amapezeka kumapeto kwa masika. Mbale zamtundu wachikasu zowoneka bwino, msomali ndi wa brownish, wokhala ndi malire ndi tsitsi.
Kalochortus yaying'ono Calochortus minimus
Chithunzi cha Kalochortus chaching'ono cha Calochortus minimus
Kutalika kwa zinyenyeswazi kumangokhala 10 cm.Uwo umamera pamalo otsetsereka a mapiri pamtunda wa 3000 m, wopezeka m'mphepete mwamchenga komanso m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Inflorescence imakhala ndi zingapo (pafupi zidutswa 10) ma corollas oyera, akuyang'ana mmwamba.
Kalochortus nudus Calochortus nudus
Kalokhortus nudus Calochortus nudus chithunzi
Amakonda kubzala madambo pafupi ndi madambo ndi nyanja. Kutalika kwa mbewuyo ndi pafupifupi masentimita 30. Maluwa ndi pinki kapena lavender opepuka.
Calochortus monochromatic Calochortus uniflorus
Chithunzi cha Kalokhortus monochromatic Calochortus uniflorus
Wosazindikira kwambiri komanso wotchuka kwambiri pakulima. Koyambira kuchokera kudera lapakati lamapiri (nyengo yozizira yolimba 6: mpaka -23 ° C). Tsinde limafika kutalika kwa 25 cm, masamba oyambira masamba, ofanana kutalika. Ma Corollas ali ndi mawonekedwe a belu lalikulu, omwe amangokhala osawerengeka kapena osonkhanitsidwa mu inflorescence mpaka ma 4 PC. Ziphuphu za mthunzi wa lilac, pakati pake amakongoletsedwa ndi malo ofiirira.
Gulu lachitatu - Zoyang'ana mlengalenga, zamatsenga (Mathunzi a Faіry kapena Globe Tulіps)
Dzinalo limadziyankhulira lokha: Maonekedwe a maluwa amakhala ndi mawonekedwe ake, amalimbikitsa ambiri kulingalira ndi kuwona m'maluwa chinthu china chokongola ndi chamatsenga.
Kalochortus loyera Calochortus albus
Kalokhortus white Calochortus albus chithunzi
Malo ogawanikirana achilengedwe ndi m'mbali mwa nkhalango ndi malo otsetsereka a m'munsi mwa mapiri apakati / apakati a California (mpaka 2000 metres). Panyumba, mbewu yabwinoyi imatchedwa White Fairy Lantern. Kutalika kwa tsinde ndi 30-50 masentimita, kumakhala ndi kupendekera kwamtambo.
Kalokhortus woyera kusintha ruby Calochortus albus var. chithunzi cha rubellus
Masamba a masamba ndi ochepa, basal 15-50 cm, tsinde - mpaka 1.5 cm. Maluwa otambalala akuwunjikana, asonkhane mu inflorescence wa 3-12 ma PC. Masamba ndi obiriwira kapena ofiira. Mitambo yoyera ngati chipale chofiyira kumunsi, yongolimbirana, nkhope yake imakutidwa ndi khungu loonda.
Calochortus cuddly Calochortus amabilis
Chithunzi cha Kalochortus Pleasant Calochortus amabilis chithunzi
Imamera m'nkhalango zowala komanso pamalo otsetsereka a California pamtunda wa 100 mpaka 1000 mamita pamwamba pa nyanja. Amatchedwa "Golden Fairy Lantern". Kukula ndi mawonekedwe a inflorescences ofanana ndi mawonekedwe ali pamwambawa. Mitundu ya petals imakhala ndi chikasu chagolide wachikuda, wonunkhira pansi, m'mphepete mwa miyala m'mphepete.
Kalochortus amoenus Calochortus amoenus
Kalokhortus amoenus Calochortus amoenus chithunzi
Kutalika kwa tsinde lophuka kumasiyana 20 cm mpaka theka la mita. Maluwa ndi ozungulira, ofiira apinki. Amakonzekereratu malo okhala pamithunzi.
Kalokhortus pakupanga kwapangidwe
Kalokhortus ndi kugundana kwa chithunzi cha bedi lamaluwa
Kalohortus, monga chomera chokongoletsera, chimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga malire ndi njira.
Mitundu yotsika mtengo ya kalokhortusov yolephera kukhala yokhazikika komanso yodzala pachilala. Ma inflorescence osakhwima kwambiri amakongoletsa bwino zomwe zili kutsogolo kwa maluwa. Ndi kotchinga kukafika m'malo dzuwa, kusinthana colohortuses mitundu yosiyanasiyana, osiyana mu mthunzi wa inflorescence, mutha kusonkhanitsa pafupifupi mawonekedwe onse ofunda.
Kalokhortusy amawoneka bwino motsutsana ndi maziko a zomerazi za pansi, zina zokhala bulbous ndizabwino kwambiri.
Maluwa okongola, achilendo, osiyanasiyana a kalohortus amakongoletsa mundawo ndi zokongola zowala za kukongola koyambirira. Kuphweka kosamalidwa, kuthekera kokula pamalopo zaka zambiri, kuphatikiza maluwa okongola a pachaka, kupanga kalohortusy kukongoletsa kosangalatsa kwa dimba.
