Liatris ndi chomera chamuyaya cha banja la Asteraceae. Nthawi yamaluwa, lyatris amatulutsa muvi wolunjika, womwe umayamba m'munsi ngati tsinde la masamba ambiri, ndikuyandikira pakati, bwino umadutsa maluwa ambiri ang'ono. Zomwe, zikutulutsa, kuphimba phukusi lonse ndi tsitsi lalitali lakuonda. Awa ndi chabe mawonekedwe okongola modabwitsa.
Zambiri
Duwa lathanzi ndi losalala ili lidzakhala chokongoletsera chilichonse chamaluwa. Mutha kusankha mitundu yosiyanasiyana yosakanikirana, popeza mtundu wa mithunzi ndi wowala kwambiri, wokhazikika: zoyera, zapinki, zofiirira, zofiirira komanso zofiirira. Ndipo izi sizabwino zake zonse.
Kuphatikiza pa mitundu yosiyanasiyana yowala, ma lyatris amapanga fungo labwino la vanila ndi chipatso chotsekemera, chowoneka bwino cha udzu watsopano. Izi ndi zomwe zimapangitsa kudzipatula masamba amtundu wankhomalo ngati kulumikizana monga coumarin (womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mafuta ofunikira).
Ubwino wosakayikiranso ndikuti fungo lamaluwa uyu limathamangitsa njenjete. Chifukwa chake, zidzakhala zokwanira kuyika kagawo kamodzi ka zovala za zovala mu zovala ndi kuiwala za kukhalapo kwa njenjete kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Ndipo izi zimakhudzanso nthambi ziwiri zatsopano komanso zowuma, popeza ngakhale duwa louma limasiyananso ndi fungo labwino. Awiri mu chimodzi: fungo labwino ndi chitetezo cha zinthu zanu.
Mitundu ndi mitundu
Liatris spikelet - ndi mtundu wamtundu wa inflorescence, wokutidwa ndi maluwa ang'onoang'ono kuzungulira tsinde. Mtunduwu uli ndi masamba ophuka bwino pafupifupi 80 cm, pomwe panicle inflorescence 20-25 cm kutalika. Maluwa amatenga pafupifupi miyezi iwiri (kuyambira June mpaka Julayi). Kutengera mitundu, pamakhala miyala yoyera, ya violet, yofiirira, yofiirira, yapinki ndi ya azure.
Liatris nembanemba - Ili ndi masamba ambiri ndi oyera inflorescence yoyera, ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana Ulemerero wa September Imakhala chodzaza ndi mitengo yayitali kwambiri ndipo imakhala ndi maluwa ofiira.
Liatris grungy - mawonekedwe apamwamba kwambiri. Mutha kukumana ndi toyesa kutalika mamita awiri. Imakhala ndi tsinde lamphamvu kwambiri lokhala ndi masamba okhuthala a lanceolate komanso ang'ono (pafupifupi 1 cm) maluwa otuwa omwe amasonkhanitsidwa mumtundu wamtali wa inflorescence, koma samakula kwambiri monga mitundu yapita.
Kubzala kunja ndi chisamaliro
Duwa limamverera bwino kwambiri m'malo a dzuwa komanso pamthunzi. Kuti maluwa akule bwino komanso kutulutsa maluwa kowoneka bwino, nyerezi zimafunikira dothi labwino komanso lopanda madzi.
Kuti muchite izi, musaiwale feteleza musanabzale komanso nthawi yamkati yogwira ntchito ndi maluwa. Pamadothi olemera, mbewuyo imatha kukula mpaka mamita awiri.
Kuthirira lyatris
Lyatris ndi chomera chomwe chimakonda madzi, ngakhale chimatha kupuma pang'ono. Koma zomwe simuyenera kuchita ndi madzi am'madzi. Kuchepetsa chinyezi kungayambitse kuzungulira kwa tubers ndi mizu.
Kuchuluka kwa madzi pachitsamba chilichonse kumatengera kukula kwake. Pafupifupi, ndowa imodzi yamadzi ndizokwanira. Thirani mpaka nthaka itamwa. Ndikofunika kuthirira nthawi zambiri pang'onopang'ono pongotsanulira ndikuvulaza chomeracho.
Feteleza wa lyatris
Kuthira feteleza ndi michere ya michere ya maluwa kumachitika katatu pachaka. Kuchuluka ndi kusasinthika kwa mankhwalawo kumawonetsedwa pa phukusi. Ngati masamba a lyatris ayamba kuchepa, ndiye kuti chitsamba chikulimbikitsidwa kuti chitha kukhala ndi feteleza wa nayitrogeni pa 20 g ya mankhwalawa pa mita imodzi.
Musaiwale za kufunika kwakutchinja tchire ndi kuwonjezera kwatsopano dziko lapansi. Izi ndichifukwa choti mizu imakhala pafupi kwambiri ndi madzi komanso kuthilira kulikonse kapena mvula, timizu ndi mizu ndilabwinobwino.
Kudulira kwa Liatris
Duwa ili ndilabwino popanga maluwa. Zimayambira kudula ndikuyika m'madzi zimatha kusangalatsa maso anu kuyambira sabata mpaka awiri. Ndikothekanso kugwiritsa ntchito lyatris kuti ipange Ekibana, popeza ikauma imatha kupitiliza kukongoletsa.
Osangokhala pagulu lathyathyathya (tebulo, pansi), makope atsopano. Kwa yoyenera komanso kuyanika, ndikofunikira kupachika phesi iliyonse ndikudula chingwe. Chipindacho chizikhala chowuma komanso chamdima. Kutalika komwe kubzala kumachitika kumatengera ntchito ina.
Ponena za inflorescences, ngati simunayambe kugwiritsa ntchito maluwa, ndiye kuti ayenera kudulidwa mutangotulutsa maluwa. Kupanda kutero, njere zimawulukira pamalopo ponsepo ndipo duwa limamera m'malo osayembekezeka kapena osayenera. Popeza izi sizidula tsinde lonse, koma ma inflorescence okha, mbewuyo imapitiliza kukondweretsa diso ndi masamba obiriwira, mpaka nyengo yachisanu ikayamba.
Liatris nyengo yachisanu
Pakutha kwa nyengo, kukonzekera nyengo yachisanu, ma lyatris ayenera kudulidwa mpaka kumizu. Chomera ndicholimba nthawi yachisanu, chifukwa chake, sichifunikira malo ena owonjezera, ingothirani chitsamba chokhazikitsidwa kale ndi masamba owuma m'mundamo (kapena humus chitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito), makulidwe osyanasiyana a 10-15 masentimita adzakhala okwanira.
Kubzala mbewu za Liatris
Choyamba, onetsetsani kuti mubzale mbewuzo muyenera kuziwiritsa munthawi yochepa. Kachiwiri, ikani pansi lapansi ndi humus (kutengera lingaliro loti chidebe chimodzi chingapitirire mita imodzi ya dothi). M'mawa mutha kuyamba kufesa. Mbewu zimakodzedweranso mu zitsime ndikuya kwa masentimita awiri ndikutseka (ndikuwaza ndi dothi pamwamba).
Mukamafalitsa mbewu, munthu ayenera kuganizira kuti pang'onopang'ono mankhwalawa amayamba kukula, mchaka chachiwiri kapena chachitatu amayamba kutalika. Chifukwa chake, simuyenera kudandaula ngati mchaka choyamba duwa siliri kutalika kofanana ndi momwe amayembekezera.
Kubalana kwa Liatris pogawa chitsamba
Kugawa tchire ndi njira yosavuta yosaberekera. Potere, chiwerengero cha mphukira chimasiyanitsidwa bwino ndi chomera cha kholo (popanda kuwononga mphukira yoyandikana). Mwakuti aliyense wa iwo ali ndi khosi lake labwino komanso lolimba.
Kenako, mabowo amakumbidwa patali pafupifupi masentimita 30 mpaka 40 kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake, poganizira kuti ma lyatris amakula bwino ndipo timizu tatsopano tating'ono tokhala ndi mphukira zazing'ono timawonekera kuzungulira chitsamba chilichonse. Mukabzala, mphukira imadzala ndi masentimita 10-15, kutengera mphamvu ya mizu. Kenako gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a humus limathiridwa pamenepo ndikukonkhedwa pamwamba ndi nthaka yonse.
Kuchulukitsidwa kwa tchire kumadalira msinkhu wa duwa, kotero kubalana kumeneku sikulimbikitsidwa kangapo kamodzi pakatha zaka 3-4. Panthawi imeneyi, chitsamba chizitha kukula mokwanira kuti chisavutike ndi kugawanika. Musadzipatulire gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a chitsamba chonse.
Kufalitsa kwamtundu wa lyatris
Kusankha tuber yoyenera kubereka ndi ntchito yofunika kwambiri. Yabwino ndi imodzi yomwe ili ndi masentimita awiri ndipo ngati ikukula pamera wamkulu (pafupifupi zaka zitatu). Ma tubers osankhidwa amabzalidwa m'mabowo akuya masentimita 8-10 ndipo amakutidwa ndi gawo lachitatu ndi humus ndi ena onse ndi dothi.
Mfundo yofunika ndi malo olondola a tuber m'dzenje. Asanabzala, ndikofunikira kuyendera babu ndikuwonetsetsa kuti recess (ikufunika kupezeka) ili pamwamba, chifukwa ndikuchokera kuti mphukirawo iyamba kumera. Nthambi zoyamba zimayamba kuwola m'mwezi umodzi.
Matenda ndi Tizilombo
Mwa tizirombo pali kuukira zimbalangondo zazing'ono ndi nkhono. Polimbana nawo, adadzikhazikitsa okha othandiza - njira za anthu. Chimodzi mwa izo ndi kugwiritsa ntchito botolo lodzaza ndi mowa. Amayikiridwa pansi pazingwe za 45 °, kotero kuti khosi limaloweka pang'ono masentimita 2-3 pansi pamunsi.
Chowonadi ndi chakuti fungo la mowa limasokoneza tizirombo. Ndikofunikira kusintha madzimadzi tsiku lililonse, kuwononga tizirombo tomwe tinalowa mumsampha.
Njira inanso ndi chiguduli chonyowa, chomwe chimayenera kuyikidwamo kuzungulira chitsamba ndikudikirira mpaka ma slgs atayamba kusonkhanitsa pamenepo. Osangosiyira chiphuphu usiku. Usiku, kuzizira kozizira komanso chinyezi chonyansa pa tubers (mizu) zimatha kudwala.
Chimodzi mwazomwe zimayambitsa matenda kuvunda kuchokera posungira madzi. Kuti muchite izi, dulani malo onse owola ndikuchiza ndi fungicide.
