Chomera chamtundu wotere monga platycodon (Platycodon), wotchedwanso belu lalikulu, ndi nthumwi ya banja la belu. Maluwa mu zomerazi amawoneka ngati mabelu akulu akulu. Mwachilengedwe, amatha kupezeka ku Eastern Siberia, China, Far East, komanso ku Korea ndi Japan. Platicodons amakonda kukula m'mphepete mwa nkhalangoyi, pamiyala yamiyala ndi m'miyala yamitengo. Dzinalo la chomera chotere limachokera ku chilankhulo chachi Greek, ndipo limakhala ndi mawu akuti "zigawo" - "lonse, ngakhale" ndi "kodon" - "belu". Mtunduwu ndiwophatikizika chifukwa umakhala ndi mtundu umodzi wokha - platicodon Grandiflorus, kapena belu lalikulu loyenda (nthawi zina limasokonezedwa ndi belu lotambalala). Mtunduwu wabzalidwa kuyambira 1872, koma duwa lidayamba kutchuka pakati pa alimi kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1900.
Mawonekedwe a platicodone
Mpweya wa platicodon ndiwachilengedwe, ndipo kutalika kwa masamba ake owongoka, owonda, opanda masamba amatha kusiyana ndi 0,2 mpaka 0,8 masamba. Masamba omwe ali pansipa ndi gawo la Basal rosette. Ma plates a masamba ndi mphukira amatha kuwala. Maluwa amatha kukhala amodzi kapena zidutswa za 3-5 zomwe zimasonkhanitsidwa mu inflorescence yooneka ngati panicle. Maluwa otseguka kwambiri ndi akulu, m'mimba mwake amatha kutalika masentimita 8, pamtunda wamtundu wa buluu, maukonde ophatikizana ndi mitsempha yopyapyala ya mtundu wakuda amatha kusiyanitsa. Pali mitundu yomwe mitundu ya maluwa imatha kukhala yoyera kapena yakuda. Mphukira zakunja zokha za zipatso zoterezi ndizofanana kwambiri ndi tochi. Maluwa amatenga pafupifupi masabata 8 ndipo amayamba theka lachiwiri la Julayi. Chipatsocho ndi bokosi looneka ngati dzira momwe mumakhala nthangala za ovoid. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kukula dimba lotere m'mundamo limodzi ndi belu lalitali, gypsophila kapena phlox.
Kukula kwa platicodone kuchokera ku mbewu
Kufesa
Nthawi zambiri, wamaluwa amasankha njira yobala zipatso (mbewu) yofalitsira platicodone. Mbewu zingafesedwe mwachindunji panthaka yophukira kapena nyengo yozizira isanachitike, koma akatswiri amalangizidwa kuti mbewuyo ibzale kudzera mbande. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kufesa mbewu za mbande m'masiku omaliza a February kapena oyamba - mu Marichi. Asanafesere, mbewu zimayenera kukonzekera. Kuti muchite izi, amatsanuliridwa m'thumba la gauze ndikuyika mchombo chachikulu kwambiri chodzadza ndi madzi, komwe amakhala masiku awiri. Pofesa mbewu, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito maluwa kapena mabokosi akuluakulu ofunika kuti adzazidwe ndi dothi losakanikirana ndi humus, peat nthaka ndi mchenga (1: 1: 1). Gawo laling'onolo liyenera kumasulidwa bwino, kenako mbewu za platicodon pansi. Pali malingaliro awiri osiyanasiyana pankhani ykubzala kwa zinthu m'nthaka, kotero m'modzi wa olimiwo akuti sizofunikira kuti mbewuzo zikulitsidwe ndikuzama, enawo akuti akuyenera kuwaza ndi dothi lochepa (0,3 to 0.5 cm). Ntchito yofesa ikatha, gawo lapansi liyenera kupukutidwa ndi madzi kutentha pang'ono, pogwiritsa ntchito mfuti. Chotetezerachi chimakutidwa ndi filimu pamwamba, ndikuchisintha kupita kumalo otentha (kuchokera 20 mpaka 22 degrees). Kuthirira mbewu ndikofunikira pokhapokha pazenera lapansi. Mbande zoyambirira zizioneka patadutsa masiku 7-15 mutabzala.
Momwe mungasamalire mbande
Kusamalira mbande zomwe zikukula za platicodone ziyenera kukhala zofanana ndendende ndi zamaluwa zina zamaluwa. Mbewu zoyambirira zikaonekera, malo ogumulirawo amayenera kuchotsedwa, pomwe chidebe chokha chimakonzedwanso m'malo abwino (kuyambira madigiri 18 mpaka 20). Kuthirira mbande ndikofunikira pokhapokha pakufunika. Pakatha kuthirira kulikonse, ndikofunikira kumasula dothi mosamala mu thankiyo. Mbewu zikaonekera 3 kapena 4 zamasamba awa, muyenera kuziyika m'miphika imodzi ndi mainchesi 10 cm. Mu zotengera izi, maluwa amakula mpaka kubzala.
Kuyambika kwa platicodone panthaka
Nthawi yoti afike
Kubzala mbande za platicodone panthaka yokhazikika kuyenera kukhala m'masiku otsiriza a Meyi kapena oyamba - mu June, pomwe mudzakhala otsimikiza kuti chisanu chamadzulo chatha. Zomera zoterezi, zimalimbikitsidwa kusankha malo omwe ali ndi dzuwa m'mundamo, komabe, zimatha kukula ndikukula pang'ono. Nthaka siyenera kukhala yonyowa kwambiri, yoyesedwa bwino, yovunda komanso yodzala ndi michere. Zodzikongoletsa zokhala ndi mchenga wochepa komanso osalowerera ndale ndizoyenera kwambiri kuti zitheke. Pachitsamba chachikulire, mizu imakhazikika molumikizana ndi izi, madzi apansi pamalopo ayenera kugona kwambiri. Tiyeneranso kudziwa kuti platicodone singasinthidwe chifukwa mizu yake ndiosalimba. Pamalo omwewo akhoza kukhala wamkulu kwa zaka zoposa 10. Asanabzala mbande, malowo ayenera kuti anakumbidwa, ndikuwonjezera feteleza m'nthaka, mwachitsanzo, 1 mita yayikulu amatenga supuni 1 yayikulu ya feteleza wophatikizira ndi 0,5. phulusa.
Zowongolera
Kukula kwa mabowo kuyenera kungochulukitsa kuchuluka kwa miphika ndi mbande. Mtunda pakati pawo uyenera kukhala 25 25 cm. Pamaso kubzala, mmera uyenera kuthiriridwa madzi ambiri. Pali alimi omwe amalimbikitsa kuti musanabzale, manyirirani chomera chonse m'madzi pamodzi ndi mphika. Kenako mbande zimachotsedwa mosamala mumphika, ndipo dothi loumbayo limatsitsidwa ndikutsitsidwa mu dzenje lomwe lakonzedwalo, lomwe limakutidwa ndi dothi ndikuphatikizidwa pang'ono. Zomera zobzalidwa zimafuna kuthirira.
Kusamalira platicodone m'munda
Mbande zongobzala kumene zimafunika kuthirira mwadongosolo. Iyenera kuchitika tsiku lililonse kwa masiku 14 oyamba. Kenako mbewuzo sizithiriridwa nthawi 1 m'masiku atatu ndipo madzi ambiri sawathiridwa pachitsamba chimodzi. Platicodone ikathiriridwa, ndikofunikira kumasula nthaka ndikuchotsa udzu wonse. Kuti muchepetse kuthirira, kumasula ndi kumasula dothi, ndikofunikira kuti mudzaze ndi mulch.
Komanso, chomerachi chimayenera kudyetsedwa mwadongosolo pakatha masabata 4 aliwonse ndi feteleza wophatikizira wa maluwa. Maluwa ali ndi mawonekedwe amodzi, akuti, amakulitsidwa kwambiri, amayamba kuzindikirika bwino patatha zaka zitatu. Kusunga zokongoletsera za maluwa, amalangizidwa kuti azitulutsa mapinki kapena nthawi ya masika amatha kuthandizidwa ndi kukonzekera kwapadera komwe kumathandizira kuchepetsa kukula kwa chomera (inhibitor), mwachitsanzo, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito Athlete. Kuti ma platicodon adakali apamwamba kwambiri, afunika kumangirizidwa. Komanso, ndikofunikira kuchotsa pa nthawi, maluwa omwe anayamba kuzimiririka.
Kuswana kwa Platicodon
Ndibwino komanso chodalirika pofalitsa mbewu mwanjira yopanga (mbewu). Omwe alimi ena amayesa kufalitsa platodicon ndi zodula, koma zimadziwika kuti ndi ochepa okha omwe angathe kuchita izi. Koma ngati pali chikhumbo, ndiye kuti, mutha kuyesa kukulitsa maluwa oterewa kudula. Kudula kumakololedwa mu kasupe, chifukwa ndikofunikira kudula tsinde ndi awiri ofunda, komanso chidendene. Kenako, phesi limabzalidwa kuti lizizika mizu mwachizolowezi.
Ngati chitsamba chakula pamtunda wamchenga, ndiye chifukwa cha kufalikira kwake, mutha kuyesa kugawaniza chitsamba. Kuti muchite izi, pang'onopang'ono mukumba maluwa, kenako mupende bwino. Mukapeza mphukira ndi impso, amatha kudula mosamala ndi mpeni wakuthwa wosawilitsidwa. Malo odulira amayenera kuchitidwa ndi imvi kapena phulusa, kenako Delenki iyenera kubzalidwa pamalo osatha panthaka. Komabe, kufalitsa platicodone m'njira zakudyera, muyenera kukhala okonzekera chifukwa mumalephera. Ndikofunika komanso losavuta kubzala mbewu iyi.
Matenda ndi tizirombo
Chomera ichi chimagwirizana ndi matenda osiyanasiyana. Komabe, ngati nthawi yayitali, nyengo yonyowa kwambiri imawonedwa, ndiye kuti mwayi wa matenda a platicodon ndi imvi zowola ndiwokwera. Kuti mupewe izi, akatswiri amalangiza kuti amasule dothi lonse, komanso kusamala kwambiri ndi kuthirira, yesetsani kupewa chinyezi kuzika kwamizu pachomera. Ngati maluwawo ayamba kale kuvunda, ndiye kuti akulimbikitsidwa kukumba ndi kuwononga tchire lomwe lakhudzalo, ndipo ena otsalawo akuyenera kuthiridwa ndi yankho la mkuwa wa sulfate kapena Fundazole (2%) kapena Topsin-M (1%). Pambuyo pa masabata 1.5, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tizisananso mbewuzo.
Makoko okha, kapena timadontho ndi mbewa, ndi omwe amatha kuvulaza maluwa. Amatha kuvulaza mizu yake. Pali njira zambiri zomwe zingathandize kuthana ndi tizirombo toyambitsa matenda awa, koma ndi ati omwe ali oyenera kwa inu, ali ndi inu. Njira yothandiza kwambiri ndi "kusuta" makoswe ochokera m'nyumba zawo. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kulumikiza mphuno ya mphira kuzenje lakuthwa la tcheni. Mapeto ake a payipi ayenera kuyikidwa mu dzenje. Pomwe maawayilesi agwirira ntchito, utsi ukuyamba kulowa mdzenje ndipo makoswewo adzafika pamwamba. Palinso njira ina yochotsera tizirombo. Muyenera kugula nyambo ndi njere zapoizoni ndikuziyika m'deralo. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti njira yotereyi yopangira makoswe siyimakhudza timadontho.
Platicodon pambuyo maluwa
Kutoletsa mbewu
Bokosi mkati mwa duwa litasweka, mudzatha kumvetsetsa kuti mbewuzo zapsa. Kutola mbewu kumachitika pokhapokha ma pedicel atapuma kale (nthawi zambiri mu Seputembala). Mitundu yatsopano yokhazikika imatha kumera pazomera zomwe zatulutsidwa, pomwe maluwa azomera zotere amakhala ndi mtundu wosadziwika bwino.
Kukonzekera nyengo yachisanu
Duwa ili ndi losatha. Pankhaniyi, m'dzinja, gawo lake loyang'ana mlengalenga liyenera kudulidwa kwathunthu, ndipo pamwamba pake pamalowo pakuyenera kuphimbidwa ndi dothi la mulch (humus, masamba owuma, peat, utuchi kapena lapnik).
Mitundu ya Plikodon yokhala ndi zithunzi ndi mayina
Monga tanenera kale pamwambapa, platicodon imakhala ndi mtundu umodzi wokha, koma pali mitundu yambiri. Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri:
- Chimbale. Mitundu yodziwika bwino yokhala ndi mphukira lokwera, kutalika kwake kungakhale osiyana ndi 0,6 mpaka 0,8 mamita. Mulifupi mwake pakatulutsa maluwa akulu ndi mainchesi 8, pomwe malo ake amatha kutenthedwa ndi mitsitsi yopyapyala ya buluu. Maluwa amawoneka kuyambira masiku omaliza a Juni mpaka Ogasiti.
- Chigoba pinki. Kutalika kwa mtengowo ndi pafupifupi 0.8 m, ndipo maluwa akuluakulu amapaka utoto wapinki.
- Marysil Bleu. Kutalika kwa mtengo wopendekera sikudutsa mamita 0,35. Maluwa amtundu wabuluu ali ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino a lavender hue.
- Chipale Chofewa. Kutalika kwa mtengowo ndi pafupifupi mamilimita 0.8. Maluwa amodzi amakhala osalala, amapaka utoto wowala wa lilac kapena zoyera ndipo amakhala ndi mitsempha yopyapyala ya utoto wamtambo.
- Epoiema. Kutalika kwa chomera sikupita mamita 0.2. Mtundu wa maluwa ndi amtambo-buluu. Chimalimbikitsidwa kuti chikulidwe m'minda yamiyala ndi miyala yamiyala.
- Matalala amchenga. Pa chitsamba kutalika kwa theka la mita, maluwa awiri oyipa.
- Masamba a ngale. Kutalika kwa tchire kuli pafupifupi 0.6 mita. Mtundu wa maluwa ndi wotuwa pinki.
Nthawi zina wamaluwa amakongoletsa dimba lawo ndi maluwa monga Ussuri codonopsis (codonopsis amatanthauza "belu-ngati"). Chomera ichi chimagwirizana kwambiri ndi platicodone, koma fungo lake ndi lakuthwa kwambiri komanso losasangalatsa, ndichifukwa chake satchuka kwambiri pakati pa olimi.
