Kulima moyenera komanso kusamalira maluwa opopera maluwa m'minda

Maluwa a Shrub ndiwo osazindikira kwambiri komanso maluwa okongola kwambiri a maluwa. Iwo ali kongoletsani mabedi a maluwa ndi udzu m'munda, ndikupanga maunda ndi kukondweretsa diso ndi kukongola kopanda pake.

Makhalidwe akuluakulu ndi kufotokozera kwa maluwa a Bush

Shrub, ndi maluwa a shrub kapena masamba. - Oimira gulu lalikulu la zitsamba zofalikira, kholo lawo lomwe ndi duwa lakuthengo.

Maluwa a Shrub amagwiritsidwa ntchito kukongoletsa udzu ndikupanga mipanda.

Kupezeka pamitanda yambiri ndi katemera, akhala akudziwika kuyambira kalekale ku Greece. Komabe, kusankha kwawo akupitabe mpaka pano. Zotsatira zake, mitundu yambiri yolimbana ndi chisanu idalandidwa yomwe imamva bwino kwambiri ngakhale kumpoto kwa dera loyambira.

Maluwa a Shrub amasiyanitsidwa ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana:

• kutalika kwa tchire: kuchokera 25 cm mpaka 3.5 m;
• mphukira: chilili, zokwawa, zopanda minga;
• mawonekedwe a chitsamba: kuchokera ku piramidi kupita kumadzi.

Ndi mitundu yonse yosiyanasiyana chitsamba chimakhala ndi mawonekedwe amodzi ndipo chimakhala ndi chigoba (uterine) ndi mphukira zapachaka. Mphukira ndi zopanda pake, zamitundu yosiyanasiyana zobiriwira, masamba ovuta okhala ndi stipule ziwiri ndi m'mphepete mwa seva.

Maluwa amachita chidwi ndi kukongola kwake komanso mitundu ingapo, mawonekedwe ndi mitundu, komanso fungo labwino.

Ubwino ndi zoyipa

Ubwino wosasinthika wa zolembera ndi:

• mwachangu kukula;
• lokhalitsa komanso lonunkhira maluwalimodzi ndi mapangidwe a maluwa osiyanasiyana;
• wachibale (poyerekeza ndi magulu ena a maluwa) kuzindikira kwambiri komanso kukana kutentha;
• mkulu kukongoletsa.

Zomera zopangidwa ndi maluwa zimagawika m'magulu atatu: ululu wolimba, woluka ndi wopindika

ZoyipaKufunika kosamalidwa nthawi zonse, kuphatikiza mndandanda wazofunikira, komanso malovu.

Zambiri zodzala ndi chisamaliro

Ichi ndiye chochitika chofunikira kwambiri pomwe mbewuyo imakongoletsedwa komanso kukongoletsa.

Nthawi yayitali

Maluwa a Shrub obzalidwa kugwa.

Kupatula kumeneko ndi madera omwe amakhala ndi nyengo yozizira. Poterepa, ndikoyenera kwambiri kubzala masika, ndikutentha nthaka ndi 10 ºC.

Kusankha kwampando

Duwa limakhala lodziwika bwino, koma limazirala ndi dzuwa pomwe, maluwa ake amatuluka, ndikuwotcha masamba. Zimasankha kusankha malo: kotentha, ndi mthunzi wamasana, kupatula mphepo za kumpoto ndi kumpoto.

Zofunikira zadothi

Zachuma (zophatikiza), zosalowerera m'dothi kapena pang'ono za asidi ndizoyenera.

Simuyenera kugwiritsa ntchito chifukwa chobzala malo otsika, malo opezeka pansi panthaka ndi nthaka, pomwe maluwa amagwiritsa ntchito nthawi yayitali.

Kukonzekera kukhazikika ndi chiwembu chake

Ntchito yokonzekera

Musanadzale chitsamba, duwa liyenera kukonzedwa

1. Kugula kwa mbande ndi kukonza kwawo:

• chotsani motalika kwambiri ndi mizu yopunduka;
• kufupikitsa mphukira. Kusiya 15-20cm;
• kwa maola ochepa ikani mbande m'madzi.

2. Kukonza dzenje:

• m'mimba mwake mpaka 50 cm, kuya - 10 cm woposa dongo lokhala ndi mizu;
• mu dothi losankhidwa onjezerani manyowa (3: 1) ndi phulusa lamatanda angapo.
• dzenje tsegulani ndi pitchfork;
• konzani yankho la heteroauxin: Piritsi 1 pa ndowa imodzi yamadzi. Timatsanulira mu dzenje lokonzedwa.

Kutambalala

1. M'dzenje lobzala timayika muzukumwaza ndi chisakanizo cha dziko lapansi ndi kompositi, kumapangira nthaka panthaka.
2. Kutali kwa 30 cm timapanga chomerapo nthaka ndikumera mmera kusunga kuthirira chinyezi.
3. Timakanda kupopera kutalika kwa 15 cm ndi kuda kwa masabata awiri.
4. Pambuyo masiku awiri mutabzala, kuthirira duwa.

Mukabzala m'mizere, kusiya ma kanjira a 1-2 m. Mtunda pakati pa mbande uzikhala wofanana ndi kutalika kwa kanjira.

Kukula

Rose ndi mfumukazi ya maluwa ndipo amafunikira chisamaliro choyenera.

Chaka choyamba dziperekeni mapangidwe chitsamba.

Mapangidwe achitsamba cha Rose

Chapakatikati kapena kumayambiriro chilimwe:

• kutsina kuwombera kutha;
• zafotokozedwa masamba;
• masamba opangidwa theka lachiwiri la chilimwe, Tipange, kenako kufufuta.

Kuyambira chaka chachiwiri moyo wa tchire timayesetsa kusamalira mndandanda wanthawi zonse.

Kudulira

Cholinga ndikupititsa patsogolo mphukira ndi mphamvu zamaluwa. Wogwidwa katatu pachaka.

1. Chapakatikati, ndi cholinga chopanga chitsamba.
2. M'chilimwe, kuti mukhalebe wolimba ndi mphukira. Maluwa onse amachotsedwa, kupatula zazikulu zokha.
3. Wagwa, kukonza mbewu yozizira, yoyera yosweka, yowuma ndi yofowoka.

Kuthirira

Maluwa samamwetsa madzi kawirikawiri, koma zochulukirapo, pokoka madzi, pogwiritsa ntchito madzi otenthetsedwa ndi dzuwa.

Kuchuluka kwa kuthirira kwa mitundu ya achikulire kumadalira nyengo:

• chakumapeto - kwambiri;
• nthawi yotentha - Nthawi zambiri, pamlingo wa malita 10 pa chitsamba chachikulu;
• pakugwa kuchuluka kwa madzi kumachepetsedwa, kupewa kukokoloka kwake m'nthaka.

Tchire za chaka choyamba zimamwetsedwa tsiku lililonse.

Mavalidwe apamwamba

Chochitika chokakamizidwa chochitika kuyambira chaka chachiwiri cha kukula kopitilira kamodzi pachaka.

1. Chapakatikati, atadula: pa sq iliyonse. m kuwonjezera 20 g wa ammonium nitrate. Pambuyo pa masabata awiri, kuvala pamwamba kumabwerezedwa.
2. Kumayambiriro kwa mapangidwe a masamba: pa 1 sq. m pangani 20-30 g ya ammonium nitrate, kuchuluka komweko kwa superphosphate ndi 10 g ya mchere wa potaziyamu. Njira ina ndikugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa "Kemira Universal": 30-40 g pa 1 sq.
3. Pambuyo maluwa kudyetsedwa ndi feteleza zovuta.
4. Kugwa koyambirira pangani mchere wa potaziyamu ndi superphosphate: 30-40 g pa 1 sq. m

Kukonzekera yozizira

Ikuyamba kugwa, ndikuletsedwa kwa Ogasiti kuthirira ndi yophukira yophukira.

Mu September, masamba am'munsi amachotsedwa, ndipo pakati pa Okutobala masamba ena onse amachotsedwa.. Kenako ikani nthawi yophukira ndi chiwonongeko. Munthawi imeneyi, mbewuyi ndi yokonzeka kukhalamo nthawi yozizira.

Mukamagwiritsa ntchito njira youma yotseka maluwa ku chitsamba, nyumbayo imamangidwa kuchokera kuchishango chamatabwa ndipo yokutidwa ndi filimu pamwamba

Mwa njira zambiri zoyeserera chomveka bwino ndi kumanga pogona pouma. Chitsamba chimakutidwa ndi polyethylene kapena pepala lakuda, ndikusiya mpweya wabwino.

Maluwa otetezedwa motere amalola chisanu ngakhale osatetezedwa ndi chisanu. Mphepo yamlengalenga imateteza ku thawing.

Maluwa a shrub amafunika kumumitsa nthawi ndi nthawi kumasula kwa mizere. Panthawi ya kukula - kumuika.

Mavuto okula

1. Kuperewera kwa micronutrient (nayitrogeni, magnesium, phosphorous, potaziyamu) m'nthaka, limodzi ndi:

• kusintha kupaka masamba (osasunthika, opepuka ndi osasinthika) kapena omwe amakhala asanakwane;
• kupindika komanso ofooka;
• kuchepa kukula kwa maluwa ndi kufooka kwa maluwa.

2. Osatsegula masamba: opezeka m'mitundu yayikulu-yamaluwa okhala ndi mitundu yanthete. Zifukwa:

• lalitali nyengo yonyowa;
• kuthirira mochedwa (chinyezi chinalibe nthawi yoti chiume mpaka usiku);
• kuyika mbewu pamthunzi;
• kugonjetsedwa nsabwe za m'masamba.

Zifukwa zazikulu zosatsegulira masamba a maluwa opopera ndi kuchepa kwa dzuwa, kusowa chinyezi ndi tizirombo

3. Kugonjetsedwa kwa zitsamba. Zimachitika pokonza malowa m'mphepo yamkuntho kapena pogwiritsa ntchito zotengera, zina zofunikira kuthirira. Zimaphatikizidwa ndi kupindika kwa masamba, kupindika ndi kuwombera kwa mphukira.
4. M'nyengo yozizira, mukapanda kugona, zizindikiro za kuzizira zitha kuchitika: kukwinya kwamasamba ndi mawonekedwe amtundu wachikaso ndi zofiirira pa iwo.
5. Maluwa amamvera tizilombo ndi matenda.

Mitundu yotchuka

Maluwa a Shrub amaimiridwa ndi magulu ambiri, mitundu ndi mitundu.

Portland

Portland idawuka

Zowuma-zolimba zowumayodziwika ndi ma toni ofiira a maluwa kuphatikiza fungo lamphamvu.

Bourbon (Comtesse de Barbentane)

Chitsamba cha bourbon chidakwera

Mtundu wakale, wotchuka lero. Amasiyana m'maluwa (oyera, pastel) a maluwa, ndi fungo labwino komanso kuthekera kwachiwiri kwa maluwa.

Palibe

Noisette adanyamuka

Mtundu wautali wokhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maluwa, maluwa obwereza, koma tcheru ndi kutentha kochepa. Kukula kotereku kumpoto kumafuna chisamaliro mosamala.

Tiyi

Tiyi idadzuka

Tiyi rose ndi mitundu yotchuka kwambiri, fungo lokoma maluwa ang'onoang'ono a pinki, ofiira komanso achikasu.

Matenda ndi tizilombo: Kuteteza ndi kupewa

Pankhani ya kusagwirizana ndi malingaliro osamalira maluwa amafooka, nayamba kugwidwa ndi tizirombo ndi matenda.

Tizilombo

Kusesa tizilombo: nsabwe za m'masamba, nkhupakupa, tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, zovala zoyera, mbewa. Amadyetsa masamba amadzimadzi, kupangitsa kupotoza ndi kugwa kwa masamba, kufa kwa mphukira.

Yambitsani nkhondo yolimbana ndi tizirombo ndi matenda a maluwa opopera maluwa ayenera kukhala ndi njira zopewera zomwe zimachitika chaka chonse

Kudulira tizirombo (mbozi ndi mphutsi za kafadala) zimapangitsa kuti mbewu zikuchepa komanso kuchepa kwa kukongoletsa kwake.

Kwa prophylaxis kuoneka kwa tizirombo timayambitsa masika (kutupira kwa impso) prophylaxis, pochiritsa tchire ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo.

Matenda

Maluwa a Shrub akudwala fungal matenda: powdery ndi downy mildew, dzimbiri ndi madontho akuda. Fungicides amathandiza kuthana ndi matendawa, ndipo kudulira panthawi yake kumathandiza kupewa.

Ndikasowa m'dothi lachitsulo ndi zinthu zina, maluwa amakula ndi chlorosis. Poterepa, ndikofunikira kuwunikira momwe nthaka idapangidwira ndikuwonjezera kwake.

Maluwa, kuphatikiza chitsamba, cholimidwa zaka 40 miliyoni. Munthawi imeneyi, sanapereke maudindo awo achifumu, kuphatikiza apo, adawalimbikitsa ndi mitundu yatsopano, kugonjetsa mitima ya omwe amalima maluwa.