Zonunkhira zonunkhira pamabedi aku Russia zinakhala chizindikiro chenicheni cha chilimwe chikubwera. Koma sizowoneka kuti mutha kusangalala ndi mabulosi oweta nthawi ina pachaka. Koma m'malo ogulitsa chaka chonse amapereka zinthu kuchokera ku Greece, Serbia, mayiko akumwera kwa Africa, Mediterranean ndi Netherlands.
Kodi ndi ukadaulo uti wokulira mabulosi, ngakhale madera omwe nyengo singatchulidwe ofunda komanso ofunda, yomwe imapereka zotsatira zabwino?
Zambiri zaukadaulo waukadaulo waku Dutch
Pakati pa msewu, kucha kwa mbewu za sitiroberi mdziko muno zitha kuthamangitsidwa mothandizidwa ndi greenhouse. Koma kupeza mabulosi munyengo iliyonse ndipo popanda kupuma ndizotheka pokhapokha:
- kulima m'matenthedwe otenthetsera kutentha osinthika;
- chonde zakudya;
- kupanga kukhazikitsidwa koyenera ndi boma la kuthirira;
- kusankha bwino mbande ndi kusunga malo ake pokonzanso malo obzala.
Ndi ku Netherlands komwe tekinoloje yotereyi yakukula msipu mu greenhouse imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Alimi am'deralo amapereka ambiri ku Europe ndi zipatso, ndipo ukadaulo wazomera ulimi umadziwika kuti Dutch.
Mavuto a kukula kwa sitiroberi chaka chonse
Chikhalidwe cha mabulosi chimagwirizanitsa zipatso ndikukulitsa kwachulukidwe masana masana ndikutsatira kutentha kwapadera ndi chinyezi. Koma kuti mukwaniritse bwino khola simadzalephera, mwina miyezi iwiri iliyonse kubzala zitsamba zatsopano. Ndiye kuti, tekinoloje yokulira ma sitiroberi chaka chonse chimatanthawuza kukhalapo kwakukulu kwa kubzala zinthu. Ngati minda yayikulu ikhoza kugula mbande, ndibwino kuti nzika zamalimwe zizilime zokha.
Zochitika za alimi aku Europe ndi ku China zikuwonetsa kuti tchire la sitiroberi lomwe limapezeka munyengo yotentha, kuyembekezera nthawi yobzala pansi, ikhoza kusungidwa pa zero zero kwa miyezi 9. Ndipo ngati mitundu yamakono yokonza imagwiritsidwa ntchito pobzala, ndiye kuti kubzala kuyenera kusinthidwa kokha kawiri pachaka. Kuti achulukitse zokolola za malo obiriwira, sitiroberi samamera mwachangu osati zongolimira zokha, komanso zamitundu yonse, muli zikwama, matumba ndi zomangika, pogwiritsa ntchito njira zothirira.
Dutch ukadaulo wowonjezera kutentha
Chidwi chachikulu mukamagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wamaDutch polima mabulosi mu wowonjezera kutentha umapatsidwa kuwunikira kowonjezera, komwe mawonekedwe ake ali pafupi ndi dzuwa. Nyali zimayikidwa mita pamwamba pa ikamatera, ndikuwonjezera kuyatsa kwazowunikira, zinthu zowunikira zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachangu.
Strawberry amayankha bwino kuwonjezeka kwa maola masana mpaka maola 12-16:
- Zomera zimatha kutulutsa pakapita masiku 10;
- zipatso ziyamba tsiku la 35.
Kuunikira kowonjezereka kumagwira ntchito m'mawa ndi madzulo, ngati nyengo kunja kuli kobiriwira, magetsi akhoza kuzimitsidwa.
Njira yothirira molingana ndi ukadaulo wa kukula kwa sitiroberi mu wowonjezera kutentha
Njira yodontha yomwe idaperekedwa ndiukadaulo uwu, kaya ndi kuthirira kwapamwamba kapena kuchepera, sizimalola chinyezi kupitilira masamba ndi mbali zina za mbewu, ndipo madzi onse amapita pacholinga chake.
- Izi zimalepheretsa kukula kwa matenda ndi matenda a chikhalidwe cha mabulosi.
- Kuchepetsa kuthirira kumapulumutsa chinyezi ndi mphamvu za anthu okhala chilimwe.
- Kukhazikika madzi othirira kumathandizira kupulumutsa mphamvu komanso kumapangitsa kuti kukolola kuyandikire.
- Kudzera mu ulimi wothirira, mutha kupanga feteleza ofunikira ndikuvala kwapamwamba pansi pa sitiroberi.
Popeza madzi amalowa pansi pa mizu, dothi silikhala m'madzi ndipo silitha. Ndipo dongosolo laling'ono limathandizira kukulitsa dothi pansi pamabzala.
Kukonzekera kwa dothi kwa mbande za sitiroberi
Zochulukitsa, zomwe zimapanga zipatso pachaka chonse ndizosatheka popanda nthaka yokhala ndi michere yambiri.
Makampani omwe amagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa Dutch sitiroberi amagwiritsa ntchito magawo osiyanasiyana.
Munthawi yachilimwe, mutha kukonzekera chisakanizo:
- dothi louma lambiri wokhala ndi zopezeka organic, koma wokhala ndi acidity pang'ono;
- wothira ndi urea solution utuchi anawonjezera kumasula pa magawo asanu ndi awiri magawo awiri apadziko lapansi;
- makapu amafuta phulusa, choko kapena ufa wa dolomite;
- lowat peat, odziwira bwino komanso osunga chinyezi, ndipo asanawonjezere mkuwa wa sulfate ndi mullein wothira yankho la osakaniza;
- humus kuchokera kuwonongeka kwa organic zatsalira kapena manyowa;
- mchenga wowuma, womwe umayambitsa kuchuluka kwa 10% ya kuchuluka kwa zosakaniza zakonzedwa.
Asanadzaze zitsamba zodzala sitiroberi, gawo lapansi limasakanizika bwino, ndikusankha nkhani yakunja.
Microclimate mu wowonjezera kutentha kwa sitiroberi
The optimum, malingana ndi ukadaulo wa mabulosi omwe akukula chaka chonse, amawerengedwa ngati kutentha kuyambira 18 mpaka 25 ºº. Pangoyambira nthawi yochepa ya ma eunionion oyenda kwambiri ndi bwino kukhalabe ndi kutentha mpaka 21 ºº.
- Kutentha kochepa mkati mwa wowonjezera kutentha kumatha kuyambitsa maluwa nthawi yayitali komanso yopanda thanzi.
- Mawonekedwe abwino kwambiri amakhudza vuto la zomera kupukutira ndi kukhazikitsa zipatso.
Tchire la Strawberry limachita zoyipa kwambiri kutsika kwa madigiri 12 ndikukula kwake mpaka 35 ºº. Wobiriwira azisungitsa chinyezi cha mlengalenga 70-80%. Ngati mpweya ndi wouma, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndikofunikira. Chinyezi chambiri chimachepetsedwa ndi mpweya wabwino.
Kuti tithandizire kukula kwa mbande komanso kuti ibweretse zipatso pafupi, odziwa nyengo yachilimwe amayang'anira kuchuluka kwa mpweya woipa padzikoli. Kuti muwonjezere mpaka 0.1%, mutha kuyatsa makandulo.
Kukula chodzala
Kukonzekera kubzala zinthu zaulimi wa sitiroberi kumatha kuchitika m'njira zosiyanasiyana:
- Zomera zazing'ono zimabzala pamtimba wa chiberekero mpaka nthawi yophukira, ndipo posachedwa chisanu, mitengo yamampweya imakumbidwa mosamala, kudula masamba ndikusungidwa ndi mizu yotseguka mu cellars kapena cellars pamtunda wa 0 mpaka + 2 ºº. Tsiku lisanafike kubzala mu wowonjezera kutentha, mbande zimachotsedwa kumalo osungira kuti acclimatization ndikusanjidwa. Ubwino waukadaulo wamtunduwu wokulira mabulosi a mitengo ndi mizu yomwe idapangidwa mu mbande, ndipo chosavomerezeka ndikufunika kwazikulu zazikulu za uterine, zomwe zimafunikanso kusinthidwa zaka ziwiri.
- Mbande zomwe zidalandidwa ndi njira yamasewera zimasungidwa pamtunda wa 0 mpaka +1 and a komanso chinyezi 95% chokhala ngati mashalubu. Masabata asanu ndi limodzi asanasungiridwe kumalo obiriwira, amachotsedwa ndikuwabzala m'mizere yaying'ono yokhala ndi michere nthaka. Maluso, pomwe pakupanga mizu yambiri, mthunzi wa masabata anayi. Zomera zimadza m'kuwala sabata lachisanu, ndipo lachisanu ndi chimodzi - zimabzalidwa wobiriwira.
Kubzala sitiroberi mu wowonjezera kutentha
Tekinoloji ya Chidatchi pakukula kwa zipatso zosaphatikizika zimaphatikizira kugwiritsa ntchito zida zosiyanasiyana pobzala mbewu. Itha kukhala mapaipi a polypropylene okhala ndi mabowo odulidwa, miphika ndi matumba apulasitiki ndi zotengera.
Chachikulu ndichakuti zitsulo zomwe zimayikidwa molunjika kapena mumiyala ingapo zimakhala ndi voliyumu yokwanira, ndipo mbewuzo zimalandira kuthirira ndikufunika.
Chimodzi mwazomwe mungagwiritse ntchito ndi chikwama cha pulasitiki, chotalika mpaka 2 metre, kuti mabulosiwo azikhala osavuta komanso osavuta, ndipo ndi mainchesi osachepera 15. Pambuyo 25 masentimita, kudula kwa mtanda kumapangidwira mu mawonekedwe a cheke pamwamba pa thumba ndi gawo lapansi, pomwe mbande zimabzalidwa.
Mukabzala m'mabokosi kapena mumtengowo, ndikofunikira kuti nkhalangozi sizinakhwime komanso mpweya wabwino. Izi zitha kupewa kukula kwa matenda opatsirana ndipo zimakhudza bwino mabulosi.
Tekinoloje yokulitsa mabulosi chaka chonse imakhala yabwino mukamagwiritsa ntchito zipatso zodzipukutira, apo ayi wokhala mmalimwe adzayenera kupukuta ndi burashi, fan kapena, ngati mpata ungalole, kuyika njuchi mu wowonjezera kutentha.
Ngakhale zovuta za kulima mabulosi koteroko, mitengo yake imabweza ndalama, chifukwa ngakhale mu nyengo yozizira, masamba 60 a sitiroberi atsopano amatha kusungidwa kuchokera pamtunda wamtunda wa wowonjezera kutentha.
