Risberi wa rasipiberi (Rubus idaeus) ndi woimira gulu la Rubus la banja la pinki. Mitundu iyi imagwirizanitsa mitundu pafupifupi 600. Zambiri mwa mitundu iyi zinali zodziwika kale ku Old World, mwachitsanzo, kutchulidwa koyamba kwa kukhalapo kwa raspulosi wamtchire amapezeka m'mipukutu yazaka za 3. BC. Kwa nthawi yoyamba, rasipiberi anali atabzalidwa ku Western Europe m'zaka za zana la 16. Pazinthu zachilengedwe, chitsamba chotere chimakonda kumera m'mphepete mwa mitsinje ndi m'nkhalango. Kwa zaka zambiri, mbewu iyi ndi imodzi mwazomera zodziwika bwino kwambiri m'minda. Masiku ano, chomerachi chimapezeka pafupifupi chilichonse m'munda. Zipatso zonunkhira komanso zokoma kwambiri rasipiberi zimayamikiridwanso chifukwa chothandiza, chifukwa zimakhala ndi michere yomwe thupi la munthu limafunikira ma acid ndi mavitamini. Chikhalidwe ichi chimasiyanitsidwa ndi kusachita bwino kwawo. Zomera zotere zimatha kumera komanso kupereka zokolola zabwino ngakhale kukhala bwinja. Ngati rasipiberi amasamalidwa bwino, amatetezedwa kumatenda ndi matenda osiyanasiyana, komanso amatulutsa zokolola zambiri.
Mawonekedwe a rasipiberi
Masiku ano, rasipiberi amatchuka kwambiri pakati pa akatswiri olima minda m'mayiko osiyanasiyana, monga ma currants, sitiroberi, jamu, sitiroberi, mabuliberiya ndi zina zothandiza komanso zosangalatsa zokolola zamunda. Nthawi zambiri, wamaluwa amalima raspberries osati iwo okha, komanso kuti azigulitsidwa. Pankhaniyi, wosamalira mundawo akuyesera kuti atolole zipatso zabwino zapamwamba.
Rasipiberi wamba ndi chitsamba chowongolera, kutalika kwake komwe kungakhale kosiyana ndi masentimita 150 mpaka 250. Chomera choterocho chimakhala ndi mizu yomwe mitengo yake yambiri imakula. Izi zimabweretsa kukhazikitsidwa kwa mizu yolimba yamizu. Zimayambira ndi zowongoka. Mphukira zazing'ono za Grassy ndi mtundu wobiriwira wobiriwira kwambiri, pamwamba pawo pali chinsalu cha imvi komanso spikes zambiri zazing'ono. Kale mchaka chachiwiri, timitengo timakongoletsedwa ndikujambula utoto. Pamene zipatso zikutha, kuyanika kwa zimayambira kumawonedwa, koma nyengo yotsatira imasinthidwa ndi mphukira zatsopano. Nthawi zambiri masamba owoneka ngati masamba ali ndi petioles, ndi ovuta, pali masamba a ovate 3-7. Kutsogolo kwa masamba ndikobiriwira kwamdima, ndipo mkati kumayera, chifukwa pamakhala kutulutsa. The axillary apical racemose inflorescences imakhala ndi maluwa oyera, omwe m'mimba mwake amafika pafupifupi 10 mm. Monga lamulo, zipatso zimamera mchaka chachiwiri cha moyo wa zimayambira. Zipatsozo ndizobowola zazing'ono zomwe zakula kukhala zipatso zovuta, zimatha kupakidwa utoto wamitundu yosiyanasiyana, ndipo burgundy wakuda (m'mitundu yomwe ndi mabulosi akutchire) kapena zipatso zachikasu zimapezekanso. Chifukwa cha ntchito yopitilira kuswana, rasipiberi wokonzanso anabadwa, zipatso zake zimayamba mchaka choyamba cha kukula, ndipo zokolola ziwiri zimakololedwa m'nthawi yachaka. Cumanica ndi mabulosi akutchire ndi mitundu ya rasipiberi omwe amapanga mizere yayitali, amakangamira kuchithokozo chifukwa cha minga yomwe idayikidwa pamwamba pawo. Mafupa ndi akalonga ndi herbaceous raspberries. Kukula mabulosi amtchire ndi kosavuta, koma kuti muthe kukolola zochuluka, muyenera kutsatira malamulo aukadaulo azikhalidwe zamtunduwu, komanso kuisamalira moyenera.
Kubzala rasipiberi poyera
Nthawi yobzala
Kubzala rasipiberi pamalo otseguka kumatha kuchitika mu nthawi yonse yamasika ndi yophukira (Seputembara mpaka Okutobala). Malo oyenerera ayenera kukhala dzuwa. Zikakhala kuti chikhalidwechi chakula m'malo otetezedwa, ndiye chifukwa chosowa kuwala, mphukira zazing'ono nthawi zina zimatambalala kwambiri kotero kuti zimabisala zomwe zimabala. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya rasipiberi ali ndi zokonda zawo. Komabe, ambiri a iwo amakula bwino pamtundu wopepuka wa michere, ndipo loam ndi chernozem ndiwoyeneranso chomera ichi. Nthaka pH yofunikira kwa raspberries iyenera kukhala pakati pa 5.7 ndi 6.5. M'madambo komanso m'malo opanda malo, chitsamba ichi sichingalimidwe, chifukwa madzi osokonekera amawoneka. Komanso malo otsetsereka ndi malo okwezeka sayenera kubzala, pamenepa rasipiberi adzadwala chifukwa chosowa chinyezi. Pakubzala chikhalidwe chotere, ndikofunikira kuti musankhe chigwa kapena kukhala ndi malingaliro okonda pang'ono. Pamalo omwewo osathilira, chitsamba chotere chimatha kudzalidwa kwa zaka 7-10, pambuyo pake adzafunikira kumuyika, chifukwa dothi lidzakhala litatha. Ndipo m'derali, rasipiberi amathanso kubzalidwe pokhapokha zaka zosachepera 5-7. Komwe solanaceous (mbatata, phwetekere, tsabola) zidakulidwa, ndizosatheka kubzala chikhalidwe cha mabulosi ichi mulimonse. Koma malowa pambuyo pa mbewu monga chimanga kapena nyemba zodzala rasipiberi umakhala bwino.
Kubzala rasipiberi mu masika
Kubzala masika ndi yophukira kumasiyana mwanjira yomwe amakonzekera njirayi, koma mwinanso chimodzimodzi. Kumayambiriro kwa nthawi yophukira, muyenera kukonzekera dzenje, lomwe mtengo wake ukhale wa 0.5x0.4x0.4 m, pomwe dothi lakumtundu wapamwamba limayenera kulungidwa mosiyana. Mtunda pakati pamakope m'mundamu uyenera kukhala wamtali wa 0,5, pomwe mzere utalikirane uzikhala wautali mamita 1.5. Danga lakumanzere ladzalo liyenera kuphatikizidwa ndi magalamu 50 a potaziyamu, ndi magalamu 100 a granular superphosphate, ndi ma kilogalamu 10 a humus kapena manyowa ndi ma kilo 0,4 a phulusa la nkhuni. Gawo lazinthu zosakanikirana ndi dothi liyenera kuthiridwa m dzenjelo, ndipo linalo liyenera kuthiridwa ndi phiri pafupi nalo. Ngati musanayambe kubzala, dothi losungunuka lomwe lili m'maenjewo ndi lophimbidwa, lifunika kumasulidwa. Kenako, mmera uyenera kuyikidwa mu dzenjelo kuti nthambi yotsalirayo izikhala pansi pansipa. Mizu ikatha kuwongoledwa mosamala, dzenjelo liyenera kudzazidwa ndi dothi. Imapunthwa, kenako dzenje lakuya kwambiri limapangidwa kuzungulira chomera, lomwe limayenera kudzazidwa ndi madzi. Pambuyo poti madziwo akakamizidwa kwathunthu, pamwamba pa bowoyo muyenera kuyikiramo ndi utuchi, humus kapena udzu wouma. Mmera wafupikitsidwa mpaka 0,3 m pamwamba pa nthaka. Ngati nyengo ikhala youma kwa masiku angapo pambuyo poti rasipiberi wabzala, ndiye kuti mbewu zimafunanso kuthilira. Kubzala rasipiberi nthawi ya masika kumakhala koyipa kwambiri kuposa kugwa, chifukwa mwina ndichedwa kutha chifukwa cha nyengo yoipa, chifukwa choti mbande zimamera mizu kwambiri. Chapakatikati, kubzala zinthu zomwe zimagulidwa m'sitolo yapadera kapena nazale mumabzala, kapena imodzi yomwe imakololedwa mu kugwa (imayikidwa mufiriji nthawi yachisanu).
Kubzala rasipiberi m'thaka
M'dzinja, kukonzekera kwa dzenjelo kuyenera kudziwika masabata 6 tsiku lisanatuluke. Tsambalo limakumbidwa mpaka pakuya kwa fosholo ya bayonet, pomwe mizu yonse yamasamba imasankhidwa ndipo makilogalamu 0,2-0.4 a superphosphate amawonjezeredwa, zidebe ziwiri mpaka zitatu za manyowa ozunguliridwa ndi magalamu 100-200 a potaziyamu sulfate pa 1 mita2 chiwembu. Ngati mukuthira manyowa m'nthaka musanabzale, ndiye kuti ma raspulosi safunika feteleza wa phosphorous ndi potaziyamu kwa zaka pafupifupi zisanu. Ngati dothi lanyowe, ndiye kuti 1 mita imodzi2 malo omwe muyenera kupanga ndowa zinayi zamchenga. Ndikwabwino kubzala raspberries m'masiku omaliza a Seputembala kapena oyamba a Okutobala. Mukugwa, akatswiri onse ndi akatswiri odziwa bwino ntchito zamaluwa amalimbikitsa kubzala chikhalidwechi, chifukwa mwanjira imeneyi zitheka kukonzekera pang'onopang'ono malo obzala, ndipo mbewu zomwezo zimazika mizu bwino nthawi yozizira, ndikuyamba kukula mwachangu mu nthawi ya masika.
Kusamalira rasipiberi
Chisamaliro Cha rasipiberi
Chipale chofewa chikangosungidwa pamalowo, chidzafunika kumasulidwa ku masamba omwe adagwa chaka chatha, chifukwa atha kukhala ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kapena tizirombo zobisala komweko chifukwa cha chisanu. Chitsamba ichi chimafunikira kuthandizidwa, kotero mu April muyenera kuvala rasipiberi ku trellis. Ngati mbewuyo imamangidwa ndi trellis, chifukwa chake imawunikidwa ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa, kusasitsa ndi kukula kwa mizu yaying'ono kumathandizira, komanso ndikosavuta kusamalira zitsamba zotere. Ngati mungaganize zopanga trellis, ndiye kuti muyenera kumapeto ndi koyambirira kwa mzere uliwonse kukumba mizati yamphamvu mpaka ma sentimita 150 mbali zonse ziwiri. Pakati pa nsanamira, ndikofunikira kukulitsa waya mu mizere iwiri: mzere wapansi uyenera kukhala pamalo a 0.6-0.7 m kuchokera pamwamba pamalowo, ndi wina wapamwamba kutalika kwa 1.2 m. ndodo yamtengo. Ikani zitsamba zozikika ndi tchire, kenako ndikukhazikitsa ndi kuzimangirira ndi mapasa. Pambuyo pazaka zingapo, pakati pa nsanamira ndikofunikira kuwonjezera mizere yowonjezera ya waya: yoyamba - kutalika kwa 0.3 m kuchokera pamalowo, ndi inayo - kutalika kwa 1.5 m.
Nthawi yonse ikhala yosavuta kusamalira chikhalidwe ichi. Chifukwa chake, imafunikira kudula mwadongosolo, kudyetsa, kuthiriridwa, kumasula dothi pafupi ndi tchire kuya mozama, pambuyo pake nthaka yake ndi yokutidwa ndi mulch. Kodi amagwiritsa ntchito chiyani kudyetsa mbewuyi masika? Zikakhala kuti asanabzale feteleza wofunikira yemwe adalowetsedwa m'nthaka, ndiye kuti rasipibulo safunika potaziyamu ndi phosphorous kwa zaka 5. Komabe, ndikofunikira kudyetsa mbewu ndi feteleza wokhala ndi nayitrogeni chaka chilichonse. Konzani njira yotsatirayi yopangira michere pakudya: 10 malita a madzi, kuphatikiza ndi fosholo imodzi ya zinyalala zazingwe ndi magalamu asanu a urea kapena nitrate. Izi zimatsanulidwa pansi pa chomera chilichonse m'masiku omaliza a Marichi kapena oyamba a Epulo. Ngati mungagwiritse ntchito feteleza wina wokhala ndi nayitrogeni, ndiye kuti 1 mita iliyonse2 malowa adzafunika kutenga 20 mpaka 25 magalamu a zinthu. Kenako nthaka ya pansi idzafunika kumasulidwa.
Rasipiberi chisamaliro mu kugwa
Pakufika m'dzinja zipatso zonse kuchokera ku tchire zisonkhanitsidwa, muyenera kukonzekera rasipiberi nyengo yachisanu ikubwera. Njirayi iyenera kufikiridwa ndiudindo wonse, chifukwa zimatengera kuchuluka kwa zokolola mu nyengo yotsatira. Pamwamba pamalopo ayenera kumasulidwa kuchokera ku mulching wosanjikiza, womwe uyenera kuwonongedwa, chifukwa umatha kukhala ndi tizirombo tina toyambitsa matenda osiyanasiyana. Kenako dothi limakumbidwa mosamala mpaka pakuya osapitirira masentimita 8-10. 1 mu zaka zingapo kukumba, tikulimbikitsidwa kuwonjezera phulusa la nkhuni ndi manyowa m'nthaka. Ma feteleza okhala ndi nayitrogeni odyetsa raspberries m'dzinja sagwiritsidwa ntchito, chifukwa chifukwa cha iwo, kukula kwamphamvu kwa mphukira zazing'ono kumatha kuyamba, masamba awo amawuluka mochedwa, zomwe zimapangitsa mwayi wowonongeka kwa chisanu. Ngati chitsamba chikufunika feteleza wa phosphorous ndi potaziyamu, chiziikidwa poti chisa kwambiri (kuchokera pa 15 mpaka 20 sentimita) poyambira, chomwe chimayenera kupezeka pafupifupi 0,3 m kuchokera kuzomera. 40 magalamu a mchere wa potaziyamu ndi magalamu 60 a superphosphate. Zomera zomwe zimadyetsedwa motere, kuyika kwa maluwa kudzakhala bwino, komwe kumakhudza bwino kukolola kwamtsogolo.
Kuthirira raspberries
Kuthirira raspberries mu kasupe ndi chilimwe ndikofunikira kokha ngati pali chilala chachitali. Mvula ikangogwa mwadongosolo, ndiye kuti safunikira kuthirira. M'nthawi yotentha komanso yonyowa, mmera umafunika kuthirira wambiri, pomwe madziwo ayenera kuthilira pamwamba ndi 0,3-0.4 m. Kuphatikiza apo, chitsamba ichi chimafunikira kuthilira mu Meyi chisanayambike, komanso nthawi yogwira kukula ndikucha zipatso. Kuthirira kwa nyengo yozizira pachikhalidwe ichi ndikofunikira kwambiri, chifukwa m'dzinja limakhala ndi kuphukira kwa mizu. Pankhaniyi, yesani kulowetsa nthaka kuti ikhale yakuya, ndiye kuti nthawi yozizira posachedwa izikhala yopambana. Njira yodontha ndi yoyenera kuthirira mbewu iyi, chifukwa ili ndi maubwino angapo:
- kupulumutsira madzi - madzi ocheperako amawonongeka poyerekeza ndikukonkha kapena kuthilira;
- madzi ofunda - mulimonsemo, ndizosatheka kuthirira chikhalidwe ichi ndi madzi ozizira, ndipo ndi njira iyi yothirira, madziwo amakhala ofunda kale kumizu;
- yankho lonyowa nthaka.
Ngati mukufuna kuchepetsa kwambiri kuthirira kwamalimwe, ndiye kuti pamalopo padzakutidwa ndi mulch.
Kupaka rasipiberi
Poika mbewu pamtengoyi, munthu ayenera kutsatira mfundo zofanana ndi zomwe adabzala kale. Chitsamba ichi chimakula kwambiri. Mizu yake imakhala pafupi ndi dothi, ndipo nthawi yotentha kwambiri mphukira zambiri zimamera. Ngati angafune, mothandizidwa ndi fosholo, amatha kudzipatula ku chitsamba ndipo, kukumba pamodzi ndi mizu, atabzala m'malo wokhazikika. Ngati chisonyezocho chachuluka komanso chachikulire, ndiye kuti mugwiritsa ntchito fosholo ndikudula gawo laling'ono kwambiri ndi mizu ndi dothi lapansi, mukumalingalira kuti m'mimba mwake mphukira zake sizikhala zosakwana 10 mm. Mu "gawani" chotere muyenera kufupikitsa mphukira mpaka 0,25 m, kenako nkudzalidwa kwina. Mutha kuwalitsa raspiberi nthawi iliyonse, kupatula nthawi yozizira. Komabe, odziwa zamaluwa amalimbikitsa njira imeneyi kasupe. Popewa kukula kwa mbewu yosasunthika, dera lomwe limakula likufunika kutetezedwa, chifukwa, ma sheet kapena chitsulo amakumbidwa mu dothi lozungulira mtunda.
Kupaka rasipiberi
Kufalitsa rasipiberi ndikosavuta, kosavuta komanso mwachangu. Momwe mungafalitsire ndi ana adafotokozedwa pamwambapa. Komanso kufalitsa kwa mbewuyi pogwiritsa ntchito kudula. Zodulidwa zimadulidwa mu June tsiku lamitambo, chifukwa izi, ana azaka ziwiri kapena zitatu wazaka zosankhidwa. Kutalika kwa zodulidwazo kuyenera kukhala kuyambira 10 mpaka 12 centimeter, ndipo azikhala ndi masamba awiri kapena atatu. Zidula kwa maola 12 omizidwa mu chida chomwe chimalimbikitsa kukula kwa mizu, kenako chodzalidwa mu chidebe cha 0,5 l, chomwe chimayenera kudzazidwa ndi mchenga wothira peat. Zombozo zimachotsedwa pansi pa filimuyo, pomwe ziyenera kudziwika kuti chinyezi chofunikira kuzika mizuyo chizikhala pafupifupi 90 peresenti, ndipo kutentha kuyenera kuchokera pa 22 mpaka 25 degrees. Pambuyo pa milungu 4, zodulidwa ziyenera kukula. Izi zikachitika, amazinyamula mosamala pamodzi ndi mtanda wa dziko lapansi mumtsuko wokulirapo: kutalika kwake kuyenera kukhala osachepera 14 cm, ndipo voliyumu yake ikhale 1.5 malita. Akadula mizu, amayenera kupsa mtima, chifukwa amapita kwakanthawi mlengalenga. Zodulidwa zolimba zibzalidwe pabedi lophunzitsira, adzafunika mthunzi kuchokera pakuwala koyatsidwa ndi dzuwa, komwe kumachotsedwa pokhapokha mbewu zikagwa ndikuyamba kukula. Mukugwa, adasinthidwira kumalo okhazikika. Kututa mu yophukira, zodulidwa ziyenera kuthandizidwa ndi fungicide, zomwe ziziteteza ku matenda oyamba ndi fungus. Kenako zodulidwa ziyenera kuphimbidwa ndi peat ndikuziisungira m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba, pansi kapena malo ena abwino. Chifukwa chake, nyengo yamasika isanafike, kudula kumachitika;Mu kasupe, zodulidwa zimabzalidwa nthawi yomweyo pabedi, pomwe mawonekedwe ake ayenera kuphimbidwa ndi mulch.
Pali mitundu ya rasipiberi, pakufalitsa yomwe amagwiritsa ntchito kuzika mizu (monga mabulosi akuda). Chifukwa chake, izi zimaphatikizapo raspberries wofiirira ndi aronia. M'masabata oyambilira a nthawi yophukira, mphukira yomwe imakulirakulira imayamba kuyendamira kunthaka, pomwe masamba omwe amakhala pamwamba pake amakhala ochepa, ndipo amatenga mawonekedwe - pakadali pano, akuyamba kuzika mizu. Kuwomberaku kuyenera kupatulidwa ndi "chogwirizira", pomwe chikuyenera kuzikika chimodzimodzi monga tafotokozera pamwambapa.
Kudulira rasipiberi
Kudulira rasipiberi mu April
Mu kasupe, rasipiberi amayenera kukonzedwa kuti akhale wathanzi impso zonse zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi chisanu, ndikuvulazidwa, kudwala, ndipo nthambi zotsogola ziyenera kudulidwa. Ngati mutsatira malamulo a ukadaulo wa zaulimi pachikhalidwe ichi, ndiye kuti kwa 1 metres mita pamalowo akhale akuwombera 10-15. Pamenepa, mphukira zonse ziyenera kudulidwa pachitsamba, kusiya zokhazo zomwe zinali zoyambirira kukula, zimafupikitsidwa ndi 15-20 sentimita. Chifukwa cha kudulira kotereku, zipatso zake zimayenda bwino, komanso zimakulanso. Kudulira kotereku kutha kuchitika ngati mukufuna m'dzinja, koma, mutayamba masika, mavuto onse owonongeka ndi chisanu adzafunika kudulidwa ku tchire. Ndipo malinga ndi I.V. Kazakov, tchire lomwe limakonzedwa mu kasupe limapereka mbewu yabwino.
Kudulira rasipiberi m'dzinja
Mu nthawi yophukira, mutakolola, muyenera kuchotsa zitsamba zonse zazaka ziwiri, monga nyengo yotsatira sizidzaphuka ndi kubereka. Inde, amathanso kudulidwa mchaka, koma pamenepa amachotsa m'zomera zakudya zomwe zimafunikira kwambiri nthawi yozizira. Dulani zitsamba zonse zomwe zabala zipatso munyengo ino. Ngati rasipiberi mwakulitsa sikutha, ndiye kuti mutha kumudulira mwachangu, ndipo sikofunikira kudikira mpaka nthawi yophukira. Akatswiri amalimbikitsa njira yofananira nthawi yomweyo mbewu zonse zikafika pakukolola, pamenepa ma rasipiberi onse adzawongolera kukula ndi kuphukira kwa mphukira zazing'ono, kutanthauza kuti azibala zipatso mu nyengo yotsatira. Ngati kukonza mitundu mwakhwima, ndiye kuti kuyenera kudulidwa kumapeto kwachiwiri kwa zipatso. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti muwononge zitsamba zonse zodulidwa, monga tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tambiri ndi tizirombo tambiri titha kukhazikika.
Rasipiberi wachisanu
Ndikofunika kwambiri kukonza bwino raspberries kuti nthawi yozizira ikhale. Ndilosowa kwambiri kwa olima dimba kuti raspberries nthawi yachisanu azimangirizidwa ndikumasiyidwa. Komabe, izi sizingachitike mulimonse, chifukwa maluwa omwe samakutidwa ndi chipale chofewa amatha kuzizira. Tchire limakutidwa pafupi ndi dothi ndipo limakhazikika pamalowo, limalumikizana ndi waya wotsika kwambiri. Kuchokera pamitengo muyenera kuchotsa masamba onse, chifukwa chovala magolovesi ndikuthamangira kuwombera mbali kuchokera pansi kupita pamwamba. Musamale, chifukwa ngati mumasankha masamba, ndikuyendetsa dzanja lanu kuchokera pamwamba mpaka pansi, izi zimatha kubweretsa masamba. Yesetsani kusunga chitsamba chokutidwa ndi chipale chofewa nthawi yachisanu. Chifukwa chake, ngati pakufunika, rasipiberi adzafunika kuponyedwa ndi chipale chofewa.
Ndikofunikanso kukumbukira kuti mbewu yachisanu yozizira imafunikira mpweya, chifukwa chake madzi oundana omwe amawoneka pachivundikiro cha chipale chofewa ayenera kubowoleza. Ngati chisanu sichiri chisanu, ndiye kuti rasipiberiyo amaphimbidwa ndi chophimba. Pakatikati, kumapeto kumachotsedwa pamalowo. Yang'anani pamitengo yonse ndikuchotsa zomwe zakhudzidwa ndi chisanu. Mphukira zotsalira zimatha kudzutsidwa ndikumangirizidwa kwa trellis.
Matenda a rasipiberi ndi chithandizo chawo
Masamba osandulika chikasu
Ambiri wamaluwa ali ndi chidwi, chifukwa cha zomwe masamba rasipiberi amatembenukira chikasu ndikuwuluka? Zikakhala kuti masamba pachitsamba asintha mtundu wake kukhala wachikasu, izi zikutanthauza kuti mwadzidzidzi matenda ali ndi khansa ya muzu, dzimbiri kapena chlorosis. Mutha kudziwa kuti chomera chikuvutika ndi matenda osachiritsika monga khansa ya muzu, ndi chotupa chomwe chimawoneka pamwamba pamizu, zimayambira zimafupika kwambiri, zipatso sizimakoma, masamba ake amasanduka achikasu ndikuwuluka. Zomera zodwala ziyenera kuchotsedwa pansi ndikuwonongeka, pomwe malo omwe adakulirako sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pobzala kwa zaka zosachepera 8. Ngati mbewuyo ili ndi vuto la dzimbiri, ndiye kuti iyamba kuwonekera mu Meyi. Kuuma, chikasu ndikuwuluka masamba kuzayamba, zilonda zakuda zizioneka pamtunda. Matenda otere amatha kuchiritsidwa pokhapokha gawo loyamba la chitukuko, chifukwa tchire limathiridwa mankhwala ndi njira ya Bordeaux osakaniza (1%). Ngati matendawa ayamba kale ndipo tchire lakhudzidwa kwambiri, ndiye kuti ayenera kukumba ndi kuwonongedwa. Wonyamula wamkulu wa matenda oterewa monga chlorosis ndi nsabwe za m'masamba. Pankhaniyi, kuti muteteze raspberries ku chlorosis, ndikofunikira kuchita zonse zofunika pothana ndi nsabwe za m'masamba. Mu toyesa, matenda masamba amakhala ochepa komanso opunduka, zimayambira kutulutsa, zipatso zimafota ndikuleka kukoma. Nthawi zina, chomwe chimayambitsa chlorosis chimatha kukhala kugwiritsa ntchito madzi ozizira kuthirira, nthaka yamchere yamchere, chosakwanira kufufuza zinthu m'nthaka, kapena kusuntha kwamadzi m'nthaka. Yesani kudziwa chomwe chinayambitsa matendawa, ndikuchotsa mwachangu.
Ma rasipoti akuwuma
Chikhalidwe ichi ndi chimodzi mwazomwe zimakonda chinyontho, ngati mbewu sizipeza chinyezi, masamba ake ayamba kupukuta. Komabe, ngati tchire limathirira madzi nthawi ndi nthawi yokwanira, muyenera kuganizira bwino masamba owuma. Ngati mukuwona makulidwe awo pamtunda, izi zikutanthauza kuti rasipiberi amakhudzidwa ndi midges. Tizilombo tosanjikiza timayala masamba a rasipiberi masamba, thonje limatulutsa timitseko. Mphukira zonse zopatsirana ziyenera kudulidwa kumizu, pomwe zopondazo siziyenera kukhalapo, ndiye kuti zawotchedwa. Ngati chitsamba ichi chikadabwidwa ndi mawanga amtundu wofiirira, womwe ndi nthenda ya fungus, ndiye kuti mawanga ofiira owoneka ngati abulauni adzawoneka pamakala ake, kenako adzauma. Pambuyo poti zipatso zonse zisungidwe kuchokera ku tchire lomwe lakhudzidwa, ziyenera kuthiridwa ndi Zircon. Dulani mizu yonse youma pambuyo podziwonekeratu kuti mbewuyo ili ndi matenda, ndipo simuyenera kudikirira mpaka nthawi yophukira itafika.
Anpacnose raspberries
Matendawa fungusi anthracnose mwachangu imayamba kunyanja nyengo yotentha. M'tchire lomwe lawonongeka, pamwamba pa masamba, masamba amtundu wokhala ndi malire ofiira, zipatso zimafota, ndipo malekezero a mphukira amazimiririka. Popewa, pakubzala, muyenera kusankha mitundu yosagwirizana ndi matendawa, ndipo muyenera kudula ndi kuwotcha mbali zonse za kachiromboka. Komanso, omwe amakhudzidwawa ayenera kuthandizidwa ndi yankho la Nitrafen.
Tizilombo ta rasipiberi komanso kulimbana nawo
Tizilombo totsatirazi titha kukhazikika patchire rasipiberi: nsabwe za m'masamba, akangaude, kuwombera ndi tsinde la rasipiberi ndulu ya midges, weevil, rasipiberi mtedza, kachilomboka ndi rasipiberi ndikuuluka. Nthawi yamaluwa, kachilomboka amakhala otetemera ndipo amatha kukhazikika pachitsambachi. Tizilombo timeneti timadya masamba, maluwa ndi masamba azomera, pomwe akazi omwe amakhala m'maluwa amakonzekera kupukuta kwawo. Kumaswa mazira, mphutsi zimadya zipatsozo. Chisanu chitasungunuka, tchire lomwe linakhudzidwa liyenera kuthiridwa ndi Nitrafen, ndipo nthawi yamaluwa amatcheri amathandizidwa ndi Fitoverm. Tsamba la rasipiberi limapangitsa kuti chizimba chake chizikhala m'mizere ya masamba obisika, mphutsi zomwe zimabadwa zimadya masamba ochokera mkati. Rasipiberi nutcracker ndi tsinde, komanso mphukira ndulu ma midges amapanga mazira awo mphukira zazing'ono, pomwe mphutsi zimaswa. Ngati nsabwe za m'madzi zikhazikika pachisamba, ndiye kuti pamwamba pa tsinde ndi masamba, makhwala a uchi amapezeka, kusintha kwa mphukira ndikupotoza masamba kumachitika. Kuphatikiza apo, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndiwotenga kwambiri matenda osiyanasiyana owopsa. Spider nthata, kukhazikika pa raspberries, kuyamwa msuzi wake, pomwe ali onyamula matenda matenda ndi imvi zowola. Mu maluwa, njuchi zazikazi zimapanga kudukiza kwake, kwinaku zikung'ung'uza ma pedicels. Mmodzi amatha kuvulaza maluwa ambiri (mpaka 50). Kuti muchotse tizirombo tonse tofotokozedwamo, muyenera kukonza tchire ndi Karbofos kapena Aktellik koyambirira kwamasika ndipo zipatso zonse zitasonkhanitsidwa. Ndipo koposa zonse, kumbukirani kuti ngati mutsatira malamulo aukadaulo waulimi, ndiye kuti simudzakhala ndi mavuto ndi tizirombo.
Zosiyanasiyana zamasamba okhala ndi zithunzi ndi mafotokozedwe
Mitundu yambiri ya rasipiberi imagawidwa kukhala yayikulu-zipatso, chikhalidwe komanso kukonza. Mitundu yachikhalidwe imadziwika chifukwa chodalirika, imasinthasintha nyengo komanso nyengo yochepa, koma osakolola kwa iwo. Zomwe zimapangidwa ndi nthambi zamitengo yayikulu-zipatso zambiri mwamphamvu, chifukwa zomwe zimasiyanitsidwa ndi zokolola zambiri, zipatso zake zimakhala zazikulu komanso zonunkhira. Kukonzanso mitundu kumapereka mbewu ziwiri pakanthawi, pomwe zimaleka kubala zipatso kokha musanayambike chisanu champhamvu kwambiri. Komanso, mitunduyi imasiyana mosiyanasiyana mtundu ndi kukoma kwa zipatso, nthawi yakucha, komanso motengera kukaniza matenda ndi tizilombo zovulaza.
Mitundu yoyambirira kucha
- Ziwonetsero. Kukula kwakuthupi kwapakatikati komwe kumagwirizana molakwika ndi chilala ndipo kumatha kuwonekeranso. Kutalika kwa tchire lokhazikika kumafika masentimita 200. Maonekedwe ofiira amtundu wofiirawo amaperewera, amalemera pafupifupi 3.5 g, kukoma kwake ndi kowawasa.
- Cumberland. Zosiyanasiyana zimakhala ndi kuthana ndi chisanu kwambiri komanso kukana tizirombo ndi matenda. Zipatso zakuda zimalemera pafupifupi 2 g. Chitsamba chimatha kutalika masentimita 200, mapesi ndi osokedwa, samapereka ana a mizu.
- Giant Giant. Mitundu yayikuluyi yamtunduwu imakhala yolimbana ndi chisanu komanso lochuluka. Zipatso zazikulu zachikasu zimalemera magalamu 8-14.
- Vega. Mitundu yolimbana ndi chisanu imagwira matenda a fungus. Kutalika kwa tchire ndi pafupifupi masentimita 250, mphukira zambiri za spiky zimakula. Maonekedwe a rasipiberi zipatso ndi osakhwima, amalemera pafupifupi magalamu anayi, kukoma kwake ndikosangalatsa komanso koopsa.
- Glen Ampl. Zosiyanasiyana zidapangidwa ku England. Imagonjetsedwa ndi chisanu, matenda ndi tizirombo, imakhala ndi zochuluka kwambiri (kuchokera ku 1 ha yosonkhanitsa mpaka matani 15 a zipatso). Kutalika kwa chitsamba cholimba kuli pafupifupi masentimita 350, nthambi yokhazikika bwino. Zipatso zofiyira zokhala ndi mawonekedwe ofiira zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe okhala ozungulira okhala ndi kulemera pafupifupi magalamu anayi.
Mochedwa kucha mitundu
- Ruby. Mitundu yolimbana ndi chisanu imatha kuwonongeka. Kutalika kwa mtengowo ndi pafupifupi 1.8 m, pamwamba pa mphukira pali malo ambiri afupiafupi amtambo wakuda. Maonekedwe ofiira obiriwira zipatso amakhala osalala, amalemera pafupifupi magalamu 3.5.
- Mirage. Zosiyanasiyana zimasiyana ndi tizirombo ndi matenda. Pamaso pa tchire lalifupi pakatikati pake pali timitengo ting'onoting'ono, tifupi komanso tofewa ta mtundu wofiirira. Kapangidwe kazipatso zazikulu zofiirira ndizitali, zolemera pafupifupi magalamu 6.
- Metropolitan. Zosiyanasiyana sizigwirizana ndi matenda ndi chisanu ndipo zimadziwika ndi zokolola (mpaka ma kilogalamu 4 a zipatso zonunkhira zimakololedwa ku chitsamba 1). Kutalika kwa tchire lokwana kumanga pafupifupi 200cm. Zipatso zazikulu zofiira zimalemera pafupifupi magalamu 8.
Kusintha mamakalasi
- Chozizwitsa Cha Orange. Zosiyanasiyana sizigwirizana ndi tizirombo ndi matenda a fungus. Zipatso za lalanje zonyezimira zimakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri, ndizitali komanso zimalemera kuyambira magalamu 7 mpaka 9. Kukoma kwa zipatso kumakhala kokoma komanso wowawasa.
- Apurikoti. Zipatso za utoto wagolide wokhala ndi fungo labwino. Maonekedwe awo ndi opusa, ndipo amalemera pafupifupi magalamu 3.5.
- Mulatto. Zosiyanasiyana ndizodzipereka, zosagwirizana ndi fungal matenda ndi tizilombo toononga. Lokoma asidi ozungulira zipatso zokometsera, zopakidwa utoto wamtundu wakuda, zolemera pafupifupi magalamu anayi.
- Daimondi. Zosiyanasiyana zimakhala ndi zokolola zambiri, pafupifupi 3 kg za zipatso zimakololedwa pachitsamba 1. Zipatso zazikulu zokhala ndi mtundu wa ruby zimakhala ndi ma Sheen owoneka bwino komanso opindika, zimalemera pafupifupi 7. G kukoma kwake ndi kotsekemera.
Katundu wa rasipiberi
Zipatso za rasipiberi zimaphatikizapo fructose, organic acid - citric, malic, tartaric, ascorbic, formic, caproic, komanso mavitamini ndi kufufuza zinthu - magnesium, iron, potaziyamu, calcium ndi phosphorous. Kwa nthawi yayitali rasipiberi agwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala othana ndi kuzizira, choncho amapanga tiyi ndi zipatso zouma, amapanga kupanikizana kapena kupera zipatso zatsopano ndi shuga. Ripiberi amasiyana ndi zipatso zina chifukwa pambuyo poti mankhwalawa atenthedwe zonse zimasungidwa. Kuchokera masamba a mbewu, decoctions ndi infusions amagwiritsidwa ntchito, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati angina ndi chifuwa. Malangizo opangidwa kuchokera ku masamba ndi maluwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda a hemorrhoids ndi matenda a m'mimba. Kukonzekera komwe kumapangidwa kuchokera ku zipatso, maluwa ndi masamba ndi antipyretic, antioxidant, anti-sclerotic komanso anti-yotupa, amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza chimfine, atherosclerosis, matenda oopsa, shuga, kuchepa kwa magazi, kusokonezeka kwa mtima, komanso matenda a impso. Mankhwala akum'mawa, mankhwala omwewo amathandizanso kugona ndi kusabereka.
Mtsempha wopangidwa kuchokera masamba amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupangira ziphuphu, erysipelatous kutupa kwa khungu, chikanga ndi totupa, pomwe akupukutira pamwamba pa khungu. Lotions amapangidwa kuchokera kwa iyo ndi conjunctivitis ndi blepharitis. A decoction amakonzedwa kuchokera ku mizu, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza puritis otitis media ndikuletsa hemorrhoidal ndi nosebleeds.
Osati kale kwambiri, Yunivesite ya Clemson idachita kafukufuku pa raspberries. Nyama zoyesera zomwe zili ndi chotupa cha khansa zinaperekedwa kuti zigwire rasipiberi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti 90 peresenti ya maselo a khansa. Zotsatira izi sizingachitike mobwerezabwereza ndi antioxidant oposa amodzi odziwika mu sayansi. Komanso, mitundu yonse ya rasipiberi imakhala ndi izi.
Ma rasipiberi ali ndi zotsutsana zingapo. Iwo ali osavomerezeka kuti mugwiritse ntchito pakuchulukana kwa zilonda zam'mimba, zilonda zam'mimba ndi zilonda zam'mimba. Ndipo imaphatikizidwa kwa anthu omwe akudwala yade, gout ndi amyloidosis.
