Mitundu ya genut deuterium imaphatikizapo mitundu 50 ya maluwa okongoletsa abwino yomwe imamera m'zigawo za East Asia, Himalayas ndi Mexico. Makulu awo amasintha mosiyanasiyana - kuchokera hafu ya mita mpaka 4m kutalika. Chimodzi mwa mbewuzi ndi kuthekera kwa zitsamba zomwe zimatha kukula ngakhale chitazizira kwambiri komanso pachimake mchaka chomwecho.
Mitundu ndi mitundu
Zochita zoyipa kuthengo kuyimiriridwa ku China ndi Japan. Ili ndi dzina lake la masamba oyipa, yopanda kanthu konse ndi villi yaying'ono. Kutalika kwamtunduwu mpaka 2,5 m, khungwa lomwe limatulutsa ndi mitengo ndipo limapaka utoto wofiirira, wonyezimira, wamaso amtundu wa oyera kapena pinki amakula mpaka 12 cm.
- Munda wokongola modabwitsa wokhala ndi maluwa okongola, pansi pauwisi womwe mbewuyo imakwiririka mu arc, pomwe imawerengedwa kuti ndi imodzi mwazizira kwambiri. Izi zikuphatikiza mawonekedwe okongoletsa. kuchitapo yokhala ndi mitundu iwiri yoyera mkati ndi maluwa apinki kunja.
Zokomera kuchokera kumtunda wa Land of the Rising Dzuwa, ndiwofunikira kwambiri kutalika kwake pang'ono (mpaka 1.5 m), tchire lozungulira komanso maluwa ambiri. Masamba amawonetsedwa, kutalika kwa 6 masentimita, opanda kanthu kuchokera pansi komanso wokutidwa ndi tsitsi kuchokera kumtunda, amasintha mtundu kuchokera kubiriwira kuwala nthawi yachilimwe mpaka chikasu nthawi yophukira. Maluwa oyera oyera amapanga maburashi owongoka mpaka 9 cm.
Chiyambireni cha maluwa chamtunduwu chidabadwa masabata awiri m'mbuyomo kuposa chimodzi cham'mbuyomo, ndipo nthawi yake ndi masiku 25-35.
- Zochita nikko - Ndi imodzi mwocheperako yaying'ono mpaka kutalika kwa 80 cm ndi korona yopingasa mpaka 100. Maluwa amakongoletsa kwambiri, amayamba kumapeto kwa kumapeto kwa nyengo. Mukugwa, masamba a mitundu amasanduka ofiira ofiira.
Amur Deytsiya - wamtali wamtali (mpaka 2 m) wokhala ndi khungwa la brownish (pambuyo pake laimvi), masamba owuma amatuluka mpaka 6 cm. Mtundu wa masamba ake mu masika ndi chilimwe ndiwowoneka wobiriwira kapena wonyezimira, ndipo m'dzinja limakhala lachikasu. Ma inflorescence amapangidwa ndi maluwa oyera ndipo ali ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 7. Amapezeka mu mawonekedwe ake achilengedwe ku Far East, North Korea ndi China.
Deysia Lemoine - mpaka 1.6 m kutalika, ndi korona wokongola wopindika, maluwa oyera mpaka 2 cm mulifupi, omwe adakhazikitsidwa mwachindunji ndi mantha a inflorescence. Ikuyamba kuphuka mu Meyi.
- Mitundu yokongoletsera ndiyotchuka kwambiri pakati pa wamaluwa. Ntchito Lemoine Strawberry minda (yokhala ndi utoto wotuwa mkati ndi maluwa ofiirira kunja)
- Machitidweosawuka (wopanda maluwa osiririka osangalatsa a pinki hue yowala ndi mapira opindika pang'ono).
Zodabwitsa Ndi nyengo yozizira kwambiri yolimba yomwe yatenga kutalika kwake. Ma inflorescence okhala ngati maambulera mpaka 10cm amatalika amachokera pamaluwa oyera awiri, opatsa maluwa kwambiri masabata atatu.
- Deytsiya Turbilon Rouge yokhala ndi maluwa owongoka pafupifupi 1,8 m, yamtambo wofiirira wofiirira komanso maluwa okongoletsa kwambiri kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe ndipo imawoneka yabwino kwambiri ngakhale kumapeto kwa dzinja ndi nthawi yachisanu.
Zochita pinki - Wowoneka wosakanizidwa ndi wachisomo. Chophatikiza kwambiri (mpaka mita imodzi kutalika) ndi masamba obiriwira obiriwira ndi maluwa okhala ndi mainchesi sentimita imodzi ndi theka.
Zochita zoyera - Chimodzi mwazithunzi zowoneka bwino kwambiri, mpaka 2 m wamtali, kutulutsa theka loyambirira la chilimwe. Maluwa oyera ngati matalala mpaka mainchesi atatu, amasonkhana m'mafupipafupi mpaka masentimita 12. M'mikhalidwe yolimba kwambiri ndikukhala ndi chisamaliro choyenera, amatha kukhala ndi zaka pafupifupi 50!
Kubzala kunja ndi chisamaliro
Panthawi yomwe akutsegulira zochita, ayenera kutsimikizika pamtunda wa 2,5 mamita kuchokera wina ndi mnzake ndi 2 m pakati pa mizere. Makonda amakhala otseguka kapena pang'ono pamtunda kuchokera kumadzulo dzuwa malo.
Kubala kumachitika mwakuya kwa masentimita 40-50, ndikusiya mizere ya khosi ndi nthaka. Kupangitsa maluwa, mbewu zimaphatikizidwa ndi manyowa amadzimadzi okwanira malita 5-6 pa limodzi.
Kutsirira
Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuthiriridwa madzi katatu pamwezi mu nthawi yotentha yotentha muyeso wa malita 15 mpaka 20 pachomera chilichonse. Mu nyengo yokhazikika nyengo, nyowetsani ndi zochepa - 1-2 zina mu 8-10 malita.
Dothi lochita
Deytsiya amakonda nthaka yopanda chonde (yokhala ndi acidity index ya 5-8) nthaka. Itha kukhala yopanda thonje, koma osatulutsidwa ndi chinyezi poziunjikira zinthu, chifukwa kusokonekera kwa chinyezi kumakhudza kwambiri kukula kwa mbewu.
Gawo labwino kwambiri la zinthu zachikulire ndi chisakanizo cha mchenga wamtsinje, humus ndi peat (kapena kompositi) mu chiyerekezo cha 2: 2: 1. Pazifukwa zomwe tafotokozazi, sikulimbikitsidwa kuyikanso chomera m'malo omwe madzi apansi amayenda pafupi ndi nthaka.
Thirani zina
Momwe mizu imagwirira ntchito imaphatikizapo mizu yayikulu ya 1-2, yolimba ndikuzama, ndi mizu ing'onoing'ono yambiri. Ndilo lomaliza lomwe limapatsa kuchitapo kanthu kuti athe kupirira bwino ndi kufalikira. Njira imeneyi imachitika mu kasupe, pomwe amakumba chitsamba mosamala, osunga kapangidwe ka dothi, ngati nkotheka (chithunzi cha koronayo ndi chitsogozo cholumikizana ndi fosholo ndi nthaka).
Asanabzale chomera pamalo atsopano, dothi la dzenjelo limadzalidwa ndi feteleza wovuta wa mchere (20-30 g). Ndikofunika kwambiri kuganizira malo omwe khosi la mizu limasinthidwa kuti lisayike kwambiri ndipo, nthawi yomweyo, silikwera pamwamba pa nthaka.
Feteleza ntchito
Mavalidwe ochulukirapo a zochita zake ayenera kuchitidwa pokhapokha kubzala, ndiye kuti pamafunika malita 3-4 okha amadzimadzi amadzimadzi maluwa kamodzi pamwezi. Ndikulimbikitsidwanso kumudyetsa kawiri pa nyengo ndi feteleza wophatikiza (100-150 g pa chitsamba chilichonse).
Kukonza zochita
Kudulira kumachitika kawiri pachaka - kasupe (kuchotsedwa kwa nthambi zowuma, zowuma, zosweka ndi zowonongeka) komanso nthawi yotentha (mutatha maluwa, kudulira kofunikira). Kudulira chilimwe kumaphatikizanso kufupikitsa zimayambira ndi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu pamwezi ndikusintha kwa mawonekedwe a chitsamba.
Ngati mawonekedwe a chochitikacho siomwe mukufuna, mutha kuwadula pansi mpaka kusiya chitsa chimodzi. Kuchita izi kudzakhala ndi chidwi pa ntchito ya kukula kwa mizu, zomwe pamapeto pake zidzayambitsa chitsamba chatsopano chobiriwira chaka chamawa.
Dacia pogona nyengo yozizira
Poganizira kuti mchitidwewo ndi mbewu yolimba nthawi yachisanu, uyenera kuphimbidwa ndi tsamba lowuma nthawi yozizira, ndikupanga masentimita 10-20.Kungomanga mphukira zotsikira pansi sizikhala zovuta, pomwe zochitika zazitali zimavuta.
Kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira, tchire limamangidwa mwamphamvu ndi zinthu zoyenera kupuma (mwachitsanzo, zopangidwa zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'matumba a shuga), pomwe masamba omwe sanatsike amagwira ntchito pachikuto chowonjezera. Munjira iyi yosavutitsa, pafupifupi kuteteza tchire konse kumatheka ngakhale mu chisanu mpaka 3030 C.
Kufalitsa mbewu
Pofalitsa mchitidwe ndi mbewu, kufesa kumachitika mchaka popanda kukonzekera. Mukabzala, ndikokwanira kukanikiza mbewuzo pansi osafesa. Pakatha milungu itatu, mphukira zimawonekera, mtsogolo, kumera kumatha kukhala mpaka zaka zitatu.
Mbewu zimasungidwa m'zipinda zabwino, zotsekedwa bwino m'matumba kapena zosindikizidwa m'matumba apulasitiki. Popewa kuyanika mbewu ndi mbande, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito mabokosi ofesa kubzala. 1 wazaka mbande, kutengera mphamvu ya kutentha kochepa, ayenera kulinganiza pogona, iwo ayenera kuvekedwa mu April. M'malo abwino, maluwa amatha kuchitika mchaka cha 3.
Kufalitsa Dacia ndi odulidwa
Zodulidwa zobiriwira ndiyo njira yabwino kwambiri yofalitsira zochita, yodziwika ndi kuchuluka kwa mizu 90-100% pa kutentha kozungulira kwa 15-30 C ndi chifunga chochita kupanga (chifukwa cha kuphipha kuchokera kuzizimba kuzizira).
8 - 10 masentimita kuchokera kwa akuluakulu akuluakulu zimayidula kudula kumapeto kumapeto kwa chilimwe kapena kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe. Ndikofunika kuchitira gawo ndi chosangalatsa cha mapangidwe a mizu. Mchenga wa peat ndi mchenga wam'mphepete molingana ndizoyenera zosakanikirana ndi dothi.
Ndikofunikira kukulitsa zodulirazo ndi theka la sentimita, kukhalabe pang'onopang'ono, ndikuwaza ndi mchenga wosanjikiza 3 cm. Pakatha zaka ziwiri, mbande zitha kubzalidwa pamalo okhazikika.
Zodulidwa zokhazokha ziyenera kukonzedwa kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira, mbewuyo ikapuma. Wodula 15-25 masentimita ndi masamba a 3-5 pachilichonse, amalumikizidwa pakati pawo ndi mitolo ya zidutswa za 10-15 ndipo, m'malo owongoka, pafupifupi amagona ndi mchenga wofinyidwa. Chifukwa chake ziyenera kusungidwa mpaka kasupe muchipinda chapansi, kenako mutha kubzala ndi fanizo lobiriwira.
Matenda ndi Tizilombo
Deytsiya amagwirizana ndi mbewu yogonjetsedwa ndi matenda ndi tizilombo toononga. Siofala wamba ndi mtengo wopunthwa womwe umadya tsamba, womwe umachotsedwa ndi chithandizo ndi 0.15% phthalophos solution kapena karbofos.
