Myrtle (Myrtus) ndi wamtundu wazitsamba zobiriwira nthawi zonse ndi mitengo ya mchisu. Amamera kumpoto kwa Africa, Western Asia, kuzilumba za Pacific, ku Florida, ku Azores, ku Europe. Myrtle womasuliridwa kuchokera ku Chigriki amatanthauza "mafuta".
Myrtle ndi mtengo wokhala ngati masamba wobiriwira wokhala ndi nthambi zowongoka. Masamba ndi obiriwira amtundu, achikopa ndiakhungu, ophatikizika ndi petioles lalifupi, oblong ndikuwonetsa m'mphepete. Masamba a Myrtle ali ndi tiziwalo tating'onoting'ono tambiri tomwe timatha kuwoneka m'kuwala, amapatula zinthu zonunkhira ndi mafuta ofunikira. Maluwa ndi oyera kapena ofiira, onunkhira, opezeka pawokha kapena mabulashi pazowonda zopyapyala. Zipatso - zipatso zakudya zakuda zomwe chikho cha maluwa chimamangiriridwa.
Zoyenera kuchita mutagula mchira?
Pogula mchisu, muyenera kumvetsetsa kuti mbewuyo ili ndi nthawi yotsika. Izi zikutanthauza kuti kusamalira mchisu mchilimwe ndi nthawi yozizira ndikofunikira m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Chifukwa cha izi, mchisu chimatha kukhala m'malo osiyanasiyana kutengera kutentha kwa nyumba komanso nthawi yachaka. Nthawi yabwino kwambiri yomera ndi chilimwe. Myrtle amakonda kwambiri mpweya watsopano, motero mbewuyo imatha kuyikidwa m'manda ndi mphika pansi, mwachitsanzo, m'munda. Musanayambe kukumba, muyenera kulingalira ndikusankha pamalo omwe mchisu udzakula.
Myrtle ikufunika kwambiri pakati pa okonda maluwa. Koma nthawi zambiri, pakulira mchisu kunyumba, mavuto osiyanasiyana amachitika. Mwachitsanzo, myrtle amataya masamba. Izi zitha kukhala chifukwa cha zomwe sizinachitike mule. Zofananazi zitha kuonedwa tikamamera mbewu zodziwika bwino ngati azalea kapena makangaza. Kusamalira mchisu ndikosavuta, komabe kumakhala ndi zovuta zake.
Chisamaliro cha Myrtle Kunyumba
Malo ndi kuyatsa
Myrtle amakonda kuwala kowala kosunthika ndipo amalekerera dzuwa mwachindunji. Koma ndikofunikira kulingalira kuti mbewuyo imasungidwa kuti isasungidwe dzuwa kuchokera nthawi yotentha. Ngati mukufuna maluwa kuchokera ku chomera, ndiye muyenera kulingalira kuti mule uyenera kukhala pamalo abwino. M'chilimwe, mchisu chimatha kutulutsidwa panja.
Ngati mchombo utakula mu chipinda pawindo, ndiye kuti njira yabwino kwambiri ingakhale mawindo akumadzulo ndi kum'mawa. Ngati mchisu chikupezeka chakumwera, ndiye kuti chitha kupisa ndi dzuwa. Kumpoto, malo osavutikira kwambiri: Maluwa amayamba kuzimiririka ndikugwa. Zitha kudziwikanso kuti kuwala kumachitika pa myrtle ngati chizindikiro chodzuka.
M'nyengo yozizira, muyenera kupereka mtengowo mopepuka kwambiri momwe mungathere. Ngati mchisu chitha kuyimirira kumwera, ndiye kuti nthawi yotsalayo ikhala mwezi umodzi wokha, ngati kumpoto, ndiye kuti onse atatu. Ngati mukuyenera kusintha malo okhazikika, ndiye muyenera kuchita izi pang'onopang'ono. Zowonadi, kwina, malo ena owunikira adzakhala osiyana. Myrtle imatha kutha kuyatsa kapena, mosinthanitsa, kuonjezera, kotero muyenera kuyandikira mtengo waulendowu mosamala komanso pang'onopang'ono. Chomera sichikonda kusinthaku lakuthwa. M'pofunika kuyambira kuti pang'ono pang'ono mule ungayikidwe pang'ono kuchokera pazenera, motero utha kuzolowera ndende zatsopano.
Kutentha
M'nyengo yotentha, kutentha kwa chipinda kumakhala koyenera kwa mchisu. Mwambiri, mbewu imakonda kuzizira kapena kutentha pang'ono. Kutentha kwambiri kwa mpweya ndi madigiri 18-20. M'nyengo yozizira, mtengo wa mchira ndi bwino kusamukira kuchipinda chozizira ndi kutentha kwa kutentha kwa 65 digiri Celsius. Zikatero, mchisu chimaphuka kwambiri m'chilimwe. Mutha, mwachidziwikire, nthawi yachisanu kukhathamira kutentha kwa firiji, koma pankhaniyi, muyenera kuthirira kokwanira komanso kupopera mankhwala nthawi zonse.
Ndi mpweya wofunda ndi wouma nthawi yachisanu, masamba a mchisu nthawi zambiri amagwa, ngakhale simuyenera kutaya mtima. Mukapitiliza kuthirira mtengowo pang'ono, udzasandukanso kubiriwira, koma mwina sichimaphuka mchisu, chomwe chimadutsa nyengo yozizira.
Chinyezi cha mpweya
Myrtle amakonda mpweya wonyowa, choncho amafunika kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa nthawi zonse. Nthawi zambiri, nthawi yozizira, pomwe zinthu zabwino zimasungidwa, mule samapopera, koma m'chilimwe kapena nthawi yotentha, mbewuyo imayenera kumakazidwa nthawi zonse. Izi ndizowona makamaka mu nthawi yophukira ndi masika, pomwe chomeracho chimangokhala gawo lochita kukula.
Kuthirira
M'nyengo yotentha ndi nthawi yachilimwe, mchangu chimakhala chathiritsidwa nthawi zonse komanso madzi ambiri madziwo akamuma. M'nyengo yozizira, chidziwitso, mchisu chimafunikira kuthiriridwa nthawi zambiri, komabe sizingatheke kulola nthaka kuti iume, apo ayi mbewuyo idzafa. Myrtle iyenera kuthiriridwa ndi madzi ofunda komanso ofewa momwe mungathere. Ndikofunika kuonetsetsa kuti dziko lapansi mumphika silimawuma. Mosasamala kanthu za nthawi yazaka, mphika uyenera kukhala ndi dothi lonyowa nthawi zonse. Nthawi yomweyo, chisamaliro chiyenera kutengedwa kuti madzi asasunthike mumphika.
Dothi
Mulingo woyenera kwambiri wa nthaka ya myrtle: turf, humus, peat land ndi mchenga wofanana kuchuluka kapena dongo, kamba, peat ndi humus nthaka ndikuwonjezera kwa mchenga pazowerengera 1: 1: 1: 0.5.
Feteleza ndi feteleza
Kuyambira kasupe mpaka nthawi yophukira, mchisu chimayenera kudyetsedwa sabata iliyonse. Kutengera mtundu wa mtengo womwe mukufuna, mukufuna kulandira ndikuthira feteleza wa mchisu. Ngati mukufuna chomera kusangalatsa maluwa ake, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wambiri ndi phosphorous. Ngati mtengo kakang'ono ungakonde, ndiye kuti ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wa nayitrogeni. Mwambiri, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wachilengedwe wamadzimadzi popanga zokongoletsera komanso zomanga mitengo.
Thirani
Chomera chachikulu cha mule chimachitika bwino kamodzi pakatha zaka 3-4, ndipo mbewu zazing'ono zimazatsidwa chaka chilichonse mchaka chisanayambe maluwa. Mukamaulitsa mchisu, ndikosatheka kuzika khosi la chomera, izi zimatha kubweretsa matenda osiyanasiyana kapena kuwonongeka ndi zowola. Pansi pa mphika muyenera kuyikapo gawo labwino lokwanira. Mphika wa mchisu suyenera kukhala waukulu kwambiri, wokwanira mizu. Pothira ndikusintha, muyenera kunyamula mphika womwe ndi wocheperako kawiri kuposa voliyumu ya mbewu.
Kudulira ndi kudina
Kwa kudulira kwa mchisu ndikumatha kusintha kwakukulu kwa mbewu ndikuyiyendetsa bwino. Ngati mungathe kutsina nthambi zazing'ono munthawi yake, ndiye kuti mutha kuwonjezera kuchulukana kwa korona, mutha kutsina ngati kuli kofunikira nthawi iliyonse pachaka.
Kuti muchepetse ndi kutsina mchisu, chisamaliro chapadera chiyenera kulipidwa ndipo nthawi yochulukirapo iyenera kuperekedwa kwa izi. Mutagula myrtle, muyenera kusankha mtengo womwe mukufuna kuwona kunyumba. Mwachitsanzo, ngati palibe chomwe chikuchitika, mtengo wa mchisu umatha kutenga mawonekedwe a piramidi. Mukadula mtengo pamwamba pake, pomwepo padzakhala chitsamba. Mukadula mbali, mumapilira ndi mitengo yobiriwira. Mulimonsemo, momwe sayenera kudula mchisu, imaphukira ndi kusangalatsa mbuye wake. Koma ndikofunikira kukumbukira chinthu chimodzi: ngati mumakonda kutsina mchisu, ndiye pamapeto pake padzakhala maluwa ocheperako kuposa kale.
Mwambiri, ngati mungayang'ane motere, mtengo wa mchisu ndi imodzi mwazomera zomwe zimagonjera kuphwanya kwawo. Itha kudulidwa mosiyanasiyana m'njira zina ndikupatsanso mawonekedwe. Koma palibe chifukwa choti muwonjezere. Ngati chomera chaching'ono chikufunika kukumbukiridwa, kuti thunthu ndi laling'ono ndipo silingathe kunyadira chitsamba chobiririka ngati chimenecho. Mukungoyenera kuti mudikire kwakanthawi ndipo chikhodzodzo chimalimba ndipo m'zaka zitatu muzikhala chitsamba chokongola.
Ndemanga imodzi ndikubzala mure, ndikofunikira kuonetsetsa kuti thunthupo limakhala pamwamba pa dziko lapansi, motero kutulutsa kwa algorithm konse ndikoyenera, monga kwa mbewu zina zomwe zimakhala mzipinda zamnyumba. Kukhazikika nthawi yomweyo mumphika waukulu ndi cholakwika. Kwa mtengo womwe uli ndi zaka zitatu zokha, mphikawo uyenera kukhala mainchesi 12 cm. Nthaka ya mchisu chimagulidwa m'sitolo.
Kuswana kwa mchisu
Myrtle amafalitsa ndikudula ndi mbewu. Kwa oyamba kumene, ndikulimbikitsidwa kufalitsa mbewuyo ndi kudula.
Kufalikira ndi kudula
Kufalitsa ndi kudulidwa sikuyenera kuchitika mopitilira kawiri pachaka. Nthawi yoyamba yomwe muyenera kuchita nthawi yozizira (Januware -February), ndipo nthawi yachiwiri muziganizira kwambiri masika kapena pakati pa dzinja (Julayi). Zodulidwa ziyenera kutengedwa kuchokera kumunsi kapena pakati pamtengo. Kutalika kwa chogwirira kumayenera kukhala masentimita 5-8. Popewa kutulutsa madzi chinyezi, masamba amatha kuchotsedwa pamadulidwe, otsala amatha kufupikitsidwa. Mizu yake mwachangu, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito zokupatsani mphamvu.
Kusakaniza koyenera kwambiri kwa mizu ndi chisakanizo cha mchenga ndi moss. Ngati izi siziri, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito pepala losavuta, lomwe mchenga wowuma. Matenthedwe omwe madzi amazika mu mzere azikhala nawo azikhala madigiri 16-20.
Nthawi yabwino yozika mizu ndi nthawi yachisanu. Kuwala pakadali pano sikufuna shank - m'malo mwake, muyenera kuyikira malo ano. Zida zodzaza mizu siziyenera kuzama kwambiri; mutazika mizu, kuphimba phesi ndi chipewa. Nthawi zina chomera chimafunikira kuti mpweya wabwino uzilimba kuti usathere pakadali zaka. Nthawi zambiri zimatenga pafupifupi mwezi kuti muzu. Zitatha izi, zibzalidwe bwino mumphika wocheperako ndi mainchesi pafupifupi 7 cm.
Tikafalitsa ndi zodula, maluwa amatuluka kwa zaka zitatu kapena zinayi.
Kufalitsa mbewu
Mbewu zimagawanidwa moyenera pamwamba pa dothi ndikumwazidwa pamwamba ndi gawo loonda. Chidebe chokhala ndi njere chimakutidwa ndi kanema kapenagalasi kuti ipange mazingira obiriwira. Kutentha kuyenera kusungidwa mkati mwa 18-20 madigiri. Chidebe cha mbewu chimayenera kupuma mpweya wabwino nthawi ndi nthawi. Dothi limakhala lonyowa nthawi zonse.
Mbande nthawi zambiri zimamera m'masabata 1-2. Mbeu zikaoneka masamba awiri athunthu zikhonza kuziika m'timphika tating'ono. Kusintha kumachitika ndi njira yotumizira. M'tsogolomu, kusamalira ana ang'onoang'ono ndizofanana ndi mchisu wachikulire. Kuika kuyenera kuchitika mizu ikadzaza mphika.
Myrtle ikafalikira ndi njere, maluwa amatuluka patatha zaka pafupifupi zisanu.
Matenda ndi Tizilombo
Myrtle amatha kuthana ndi nsabwe za m'masamba ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, komanso ndi mpweya wouma komanso chinyezi chosakwanira chokhala ndi kangaude.
Zomera kumayambiriro koyambirira ndizosawoneka bwino, koma zochulukitsa mwachangu, zophimba zimayambira ndi masamba a chomera ndi malo amdima. Chiperecho chimachotsedwa ndi swab yonyowa, komabe ndikofunikira kuchitira chomera chonse ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo kapena sopo.
Ma aphid nthawi zambiri amakhala pamphepete mwa tsamba ndipo amadyera pazomera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ziume ndi kupukutira masamba. Zowonongeka ndi nsabwe za m'masamba zomwe zimayambitsa matenda.
Kanyumba kangaude kumaoneka pansi pa masamba ndikuwaphimba ndi ma tiketi oyera oyera. Imawonongeka ndikumwaza ndi kutsuka masamba, makamaka kunsi, ndi madzi kapena kulowetsedwa kwa fodya. Myrtle amathanso kuthandizidwa ndi mankhwala opangidwa ndi mankhwala opangidwa ponseponse.
Kukula zovuta
- Zimayambira zimatambasulidwa, masamba amakhala ocheperako ndipo amatembenuka - kusowa kwowunikira.
- Masamba amayamba kuzimiririka, amatembenukira chikasu, m'mphepete - owonjezera.
- Masamba amagwa - kuyatsa kosakwanira nyengo yachisanu kapena nyengo yachisanu yozizira.
Mphamvu zakuchiritsa za mchisu
Pomaliza, titha kunena kuti chomera cha mchisu ndichomera chodabwitsa. Kupatula kuti maluwa a mchisu, ndi maluwa amanunkhira, amakhalanso ndi machitidwe ochiritsa. Ngakhale mtengo wochepetsetsa ungateteze kumatenda ndi mavairasi m'nyumba. Monga mukudziwa, mafuta a mchira ndi otchuka kwambiri pakati pa anthu ndipo ali ndi zisonyezo zambiri zogwiritsidwa ntchito.
Kupendekera kwamtengo wa mchira kumapereka mphamvu kwa munthu ndi nyonga, zotsatira zake zimakhala ngati khofi. Masamba a Myrtle amakhala owiritsa ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda am'mimba. Ngakhale kuphika, myrtle adagwiranso ntchito. Nthawi zambiri, masamba kapena mphukira za mchisu zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga nsomba kapena nkhuku. Mukaponya mango wamafuta pamala, ndiye kebab imadzakhala yokongola kwambiri: fungo lake silingafanane ndi china chilichonse. Ngakhale tsamba la bay silodziwika kwambiri m'derali.
Kwa anthu angapo, myrtle amadziwika ngati mtengo wachipembedzo. Mageti ndi maluwa amapangidwira ndi izo. Mphatso zochokera ku mchombo zimaperekedwa kwa akwati, chifukwa chake mtengowo unapatsidwa dzina - "Mtengo wa Mkwatibwi". Mtengo wa Myrtle umatchedwanso - "Mtengo wokhala ndi banja labwino komanso chisangalalo", chomwe chikuyimira banja laubwenzi komanso lolimba.
