Odyera nkhumba osankhidwa bwino sikuti chitsimikizo chokha cha nyama. Mapangidwe ndi kukula kwa zidazi zimatsimikizira momwe chakudya chizikhala choyera komanso chofunikira. Zosafunanso ndizomwe amamwa akumwa pafamuyo.
Kodi ndi ziti zofunika kuti ndidyetse komanso kumwa mbale za nkhumba? Ndi njira ziti zothandiza komanso zotsalira mtengo zopindulitsa zaulimi?
Zosiyanasiyana ndi makonzedwe a oweta nkhumba
Zakudya zosavuta kwambiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyambitsa mafuta amtundu uliwonse wamphaka kapena mbalame ndi zotsegula zofunikira kukula ndi kuya. Mwachitsanzo ndi kapu ya pulasitiki kapena yachitsulo ya nkhumba.
Ubwino wa odyetserawa ndiwotsika mtengo komanso kuphweka, koma zosakaniza zamkati mwake zimadetsedwa, ndipo ndizosatheka kuzitenga.
Njira yanji yogwiritsira ntchito popanga chakudya cha nkhumba. Zopangidwa kuti zigawidwe zamakoma zouma zokhala ndi:
- kuchokera hop hop kumene zosakaniza amadyetsa poyambirira zimadzaza;
- kuchokera ku tray yomwe chakudya chimagwera;
- kuchokera pamasewera okhazikika omwe salola kuti chakudya chochulukirapo kuchokera ku hopper chigwere pa pallet yomweyo;
- kuchokera pachikuto pomwe amadyetsa ndi nkhumba;
- kuchokera kuzotchinga zomwe zimalepheretsa osakaniza kuti asatayire malire a wodyetsa.
Kuchokera pa hopper yodzaza pamwamba, chakudya cha nkhumba kudzera pazokanda pansi chimagwera m'thumba, pomwe nyama zimadya mosangalatsa. Gulu la chakudya cha nkhumba likangolowa chakudya ndi kagawo kotseguka mu hopper, gawo latsopano la chakudya limatsanuliridwa pansi ndipo wodyetserayo amakhutitsidwanso. Zotsatira zake:
- chakudya chimakhala choyera komanso chatsopano;
- ngakhale ziweto zofooka kwambiri komanso mochedwa sizimva njala;
- chakudya sichimabisalira pansi, chomwe chimakupatsani mwayi wopulumutsa komanso osawopa kutenga matenda a nyama ndi helminths kapena matenda ena;
- Woweta amawononga nthawi yochepa podyetsa ziweto.
Nipple akumwa nkhumba
Chimodzimodzinso, akumwa oledzera a nkhumba, ngakhale ali okwera mtengo kuposa zodyera wamba, ali odalirika, osavuta komanso otetezeka.
Mosiyana ndi mbale zakumwa zotseguka, momwe madzi amapezeka nthawi zonse kwa nkhumba, mapangidwe a nipple amagwira ntchito pokhapokha nyama ikakanikizira pa nipple ndipo izi zimatsegula kupezeka kwanyontho. Zotsatira zake, madzi samasokoneza kwa nthawi yayitali, samagwera zinyalala ndipo amawononga ndalama zambiri.
Omwera oterowo amatha kugulidwa kapena kupangidwa ndi manja anu. M'malo omaliza, tiyenera kukumbukira kuti kuthamanga kwa madzi sikuyenera kukhala kosakwana ma 2 malo a ma piglets ndi 4 ngati zidazi zakhazikitsidwa mchikopa cha nyama zazikulu.
Njira iliyonse yomwe woweta nkhumba amasankha yemwe amadyetsa kapena amamwa nkhumba, kukula kwake kuyenera kukhala kokwanira kotero kuti kumakwanira onse okhala nkhumba.
Zofunikira kwa oweta nkhumba ndi akumwa
Kukula kwa zida zomwe amadyetsa ndikuthilira nyama zimatengera zaka komanso mtundu wa nkhumba, komanso kuchuluka kwawo. Zocheperako nkhumba, zocheperako komanso zazing'ono zomwe zimaperekedwa, nyama zambiri zimatha kukhala nthawi imodzi pafupi ndi chodyera nkhumba kapena ufa wamba.
Njira zomwezi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzekera mbale zomata zotseguka, komanso kuwerengera malo ngati akumwa akhungu a nkhumba akhazikitsidwa mu pigsty.
Kutalika komwe kuli ndibwino kuyika akumwa kumadaliranso magawo a ng'ombe. Ndiosavuta kudziwa kutengera kulemera kwa nyamazo. Zotengera zazitali nthawi zambiri zimagawidwa ndi milatho kukakamiza nyama kuti idye kuchokera kumalo osankhidwa ndi pallet. Kuphatikiza pa kukula ndi zakuya zofunika, odyetsa ndi mbale zomwera za nkhumba ziyenera:
- kuyeretsa ndi kutsuka;
- khalani ndi kapangidwe komwe kali kotetezedwa mumkodzo, ndowe, zidutswa za zinyalala, kapena zinyalala zina;
- khalani opatsa mphamvu ndikukhazikika kuti chakudya chisatulutse ndipo madzi asatayike;
- Ipezeka m'malo osavuta kufikako.
Ma feed a nkhumba omwe amapangidwira chakudya chamafuta ndipo akumwa sayenera kutayikira.
DIY woweta nkhumba
Kugula zakumwa zopangidwa kale ndi odyetsa si vuto. Koma pofuna kupulumutsa ndalama, mutha kupanga zida zosavuta komanso zotsika mtengo zogwiritsira ntchito nkhumba ndi manja anu.
Popanga kapangidwe kake kosavuta, migolo ya pulasitiki kapena yachitsulo, mapaipi a asbestos ndi pulasitiki yotalikirana kwambiri, komanso ngakhale ma cylinders amafuta atha ntchito.
Kutengera ndi mulifupi wa mbiya yomwe ilipo, chotengera mbali yotalikirapo chimadulidwamo mbali ziwiri kapena zitatu. Zitsuko zomwe zimatsukidwa zimatsukidwa bwino, zouma ndikuziika pazokhazikika, pazokhazikika kapena pazipiringizo. Magawo akuthwa amayenera kuthandizidwa ndi sandpaper kapena kupindidwa kuti nkhumba zisavulazidwe.
Momwemonso, oweta nkhumba amapangidwa ndi ma cylinders akale:
- Poyamba, zotsalira za mpweya zimaperekedwa kuchokera ku zida, ndikuwona kuyipa kwa chidebe pogwiritsa ntchito thovu labulowa.
- Kenako, valavuyo imadulidwa mosamala kwambiri ku cholembera chabodza, nthawi zonse kumanyowetsa malo odulidwawo.
- Valavuyo ikachotsedwa, chitsuliracho chimatsukidwa bwino, ndipo madzi ogwiritsidwa ntchito amawatsanulira kutali ndi nyumba zogona.
- Kudula kwamtali kwa silinda kudzasandutsa nkhokwe ziwiri za nkhumba.
- Mphamvu zitha.
- Kuchokera pamwamba, kabati yachitsulo imatha kuphatikizidwa ndi othandizira, kutsika komwe kumalepheretsa kulowetsedwa kwa nkhumba mu ufa.
Ukadaulo wofananawo umayikidwa pamene papa wopangidwa ndi simenti wa asbesto kapena pulasitiki amasankhidwa kuti apange chodyetsa kapena mbale yomwera. Odyera okha nkhumba omwe amapanga zinthu izi sakhala ndi kutu, amasavuta kuyisamalira ndipo imatha kunyamulidwa, mwachitsanzo, kuyika poyenda.
