Mbatata ndi ndiwo zamasamba zomwe zimadya michere yonse ya m'nthaka. Izi zimachitika chifukwa chakufooka kwa mizu ya mbewu komanso ma tubulesi okhala ngati voliyumu. Kuphatikiza apo, ukakolola, dothi limatha ndipo sakhalanso ndi kuchuluka kwa michere. Abwererenso m'nthaka ndikabzala kwatsopano, apo ayi mbewu yotsatira ikhala yoipitsitsa. Njira yothandiza kukulira zokolola ndikugwiritsa ntchito feteleza. Koma cholakwika cha ambiri olima maluwa a novice ndikuthira manyowa nthawi yamaluwa kapena masamba ake, ngakhale nthawi imeneyi zakudya zabwino ndi michere sizingatengeke ndi mbewu. Ndikofunika kwambiri kusankha feteleza woyenera wa mbatata mutabzala mu bowo, popeza mbewuyo ndi mtundu wake zimadalira izi mwachindunji. Mitundu ya Mbatata Cardinal, Desnitsa, Bezhitsky, Lira, Zhukovsky amadziwika kuti ndiopindulitsa kwambiri komanso obala zipatso ku Russia. Tsopano mutha kugula mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya feteleza mumafakitale a fakitale, koma wamaluwa ena amawaganizira kuti kudyetsa, komwe kumakonzedwa kunyumba, kusakhala kopanda phindu komanso kopindulitsa.
Kodi mbatata zimafunika chiyani mutabzala
Manyowa ambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuzitsime
Mbatata ndi chikhalidwe chomwe chimakonda kudya zovuta. Nthawi zambiri amaphatikiza nitroammophoskos ndi azofoska, ndiye kuti, michere yosiyanasiyana. Payokha, superphosphate ingagwiritsidwenso ntchito. Mu zinthu zapadera, mwachitsanzo, pansi pa dzina la Kemira Mbatata, zinthu zonse zofunika zimaphatikizidwa. Koma mawonekedwe awa ali ndi mtengo wokwera.
Feteleza wabwino kwambiri wa mbatata ndi organic. Mulinso michere yonse yofunikira ndi mbewu iyi. Izi zimaphatikizapo kufufuza zinthu mwanjira ya cobalt, manganese, molybdenum, boron. Komanso feteleza wachilengedwe pali calcium, potaziyamu, magnesium, phosphorous, sulfure, nayitrogeni. Zinthu izi zimatengedwa mosavuta ndi mizu ya mbatata. Zotsatira zake, nthaka pang'onopang'ono imasonkhanitsa humus ndikupeza zakudya zofunikira pazomera.
Zamoyo zimatha kufooketsa mphamvu zamchere wazakudya zam'madzi pakukula kwa mbatata, ngakhale panthaka zamchere. Ikawonongeka, mpweya woipa umadziunjikira m'mphepete mwa mpweya, womwe umakhudza bwino kukula ndi thanzi la ma tubers. Zovala zodziwika bwino ndizoyimbira, humus, manyowa, zinyalala zapakhomo, zitosi za mbalame.
Mphamvu yothamanga kwambiri pa chitukuko cha mbatata zam'matumbo imaperekedwa ndi zitosi za nkhuku, zomwe ndizokhazikika kwambiri. Koma zatsopano, sizikulimbikitsidwa kuti muzigwiritsa ntchito, chifukwa izi zimayambitsa kutentha kwa mbewu.
Zitosi zankhuku ziyenera kuthiridwa ndi madzi mchigawo cha 1:15. Komanso, kulowetsedwa kuyenera kusungidwa osachepera masiku awiri. Kuthirira chitsamba chimodzi, pafupifupi 1 lita imodzi ya kulowetsako kumafunikira.
Kwa tubers, potaziyamu ndikofunikira monga mchere wothandizira. Phulusa la nkhuni lingagwiritsidwe ntchito pa izi. Ndizofunikira kwambiri mbatata, chifukwa zimakhala ndi zinthu zambiri zofunika kufufuza, calcium, potaziyamu ndi phosphorous. Izi ndizofunikira pakukonzekera kwathunthu kwa ma tubers.
Kutengera chonde m'nthaka, kuchuluka kwa feteleza pochita kubzala kumawerengedwa. Ndikofunika kuti musawonjezere feteleza wambiri, chifukwa kuchuluka kwawo kumapangitsa kuchepa kwa zokolola, kuwonongeka mu kukoma kwa mbatata ndi kuperewera bwino kwa chakudya. Kuphatikiza apo, izi ziziphatikizidwa ndi kutuluka kwa nsonga zamphamvu.
Tubers amakonda kwambiri potaziyamu, koma ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosamala, popeza mankhwalawa amapezeka pamtunda wambiri. Kubzala feteleza mu kasupe kuyenera kuchitidwa mosamalitsa pa zomwe opanga amapereka. Pokhapokha ngati izi, phosphorous ndi nayitrogeni zimatha kuyamwa.
Zabwino feteleza ndi momwe mungazigwiritsire ntchito
Kuvala kwapamwamba nthawi zambiri kumayikidwa m'mbuna, popeza mizu ya mbatata nthawi zambiri imakhazikika panthaka. Ngakhale gawo laling'ono lazakudya chomera, feteleza amapita pomwe ayenera.
Zamoyo
Osagwiritsa ntchito manyowa a mahatchi ochuluka kwambiri mbatata
Manyowa m'mabowo sangadzazidwe, chifukwa izi zimapangitsa kuti mbewu zizipezeka mwachangu. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwa mtundu wa humus, komanso pali chiwopsezo chachikulu cha matenda a mbatata - nkhanambo. Kuphatikiza apo, kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri michere kumatha kubweretsa mawonekedwe a voids mkati mwa mbewu zamizu. Izi zikutanthauza kuti zipatso za mbatata zimakula mofulumira kuposa minyewa yamkati.
Manyowa aponyedwe m'chitsime mwachindunji mukabzala. Nthawi yomweyo, ndikofunikira kuwonjezera bwino organic, kuyang'anitsitsa mlingo ndi njira. Asanabzale, kilogalamu iliyonse imaloledwa kugwiritsa ntchito 1 kg ya urea ndi ammonium nitrate. Asanayambe kukumba, asanakonzekere mabowo magawo zana, nitrophoska 5 kg ndi 3 nitroammophoska akuwonjezeredwa.
Zachuma
Ngati pH ya dothi ichokera 6.0 kapena kupitilira apo, sikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito ufa wa dolomite
Kuphatikiza michere kwa mbatata kuyenera kukhala koyenera komanso kukwaniritsa zosowa zonse za mbewu. Kukhazikitsidwa kwa michere mdziko lapansi mosakonzekera sikungachititse kuti kukhale kokwanira ndi michere yofunika. Chifukwa chake, feteleza wa mineral ayenera kuphatikizidwa ndi organic.
Ma feteleza achilengedwe amawonjezedwa pachitsime mukadzala, yomwe ndi njira yachuma kwambiri komanso zomveka bwino. Pamadothi amchenga, musanalime mbatata, ndikofunikira kubalaza magnesium sulfate kapena ufa wa dolomite kudera lonse. Simungasiye zakudya zowonjezera kumtunda, chifukwa matenthedwe a mbatata atha kukhala pansi ndikutembenukira wobiriwira. Izi ndichifukwa choti mizu imakonda kukhala pafupi ndi kuvala kwapamwamba komwe kumawadyetsa. Ndi kuthirira osavomerezeka ndi dothi loipa, zovuta zofananazi zimachitika.
Pakadali pano, muukadaulo waulimi, omwe amalima omwe ali ndi chomatira feteleza amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Amatulutsa manyowa mosavuta komanso moyenera nthaka, komanso kuya kwakuya.
Feteleza zovuta za mbatata
Ma feteleza ovuta a mbatata ndi osayenera nthawi zonse
Njira yosavuta yodyetsera mbatata ndikugwiritsa ntchito mchere wovuta. Kuphatikiza pa kudya kwapadera, kukonzekera konseku kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, komwe kumagulitsidwa limodzi ndi malangizo ogwiritsa ntchito.
Fasco mndandanda wa feteleza umapangidwira mbatata. Imapezeka mu mawonekedwe olimba kapena amadzimadzi. Feteleza ngati uyu ali ndi zinthu zofunika kufufuza, mwachitsanzo, potaziyamu, phosphorous ndi nayitrogeni. Kuphatikiza apo, ali ndi gawo la organic. Musanagwiritse ntchito, mankhwalawa amadzipaka ndi madzi ndikugwiritsira ntchito nthawi yonseyi yachikhalidwe.
Wopanga odziwika bwino wa feteleza wazitsamba za mbatata ndi Fertica. Fetelezayu amatenga ma granules omwe amasungunuka m'madzi. Yankho lokonzeka limathiriridwa ndi mbewu. Mu chida ichi muli gawo la mchere. Ndizinthu zofunika kudziwa: potaziyamu, phosphorous ndi nayitrogeni. Kuvala kwapamwamba kungagwiritsidwenso ntchito pouma. Poterepa, ma granules amaphatikizidwa ndi dothi.
KompleMetKartofel ali m'gulu la feteleza zovuta zamadzi. Zimaphatikizapo zomwe zimapangidwa ndi kufufuza zinthu, phosphorous ndi potaziyamu. Cholinga chachikulu cha fetelezayu ndi kupereka chithandizo cha ma tubers. Cholinga chake chimakhala chobvala chapamwamba cha mbatata.
Chifukwa cha kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza, ndizotheka kuthetsa kuchepa kwa ma microelement ndikuyambitsa njira zokulitsa. Kuphatikiza apo, kumathandizira kukula kwa tuberization, kukula kwa stolon, kumawonjezera kukula kwa photosynthesis ndi kutulutsa konse.
Nitrogen
The ntchito ikuchitika malinga ndi malangizo pa ma CD a feteleza
Feteleza wa nayitrogeni, monga urea, adzakuthandizani kuti mudzakolole bwino mtsogolo. Ndikamagwiritsa ntchito moyenera, mutha kupeza tchire lamphamvu kwambiri komanso ma tubers akuluakulu kwambiri.
Ammonium nitrate nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala a nayitrogeni pazomera. Kulowa kwa phosphorous ku tchire la mbatata kumatheka kudzera mwa superphosphate iwiri kapena yophatikizika. Kudyetsa mbatata ndi potaziyamu, mchere wa potaziyamu kapena potaziyamu wina amagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Feteleza wa nayitrogeni nthawi zambiri amafunikira nthawi yazomera. Ndi kuchuluka kwa feteleza, michere imalowa m'masamba, osati mizu. Zotsatira zake, mu kugwa mutha kupeza tchire lamazimba mbatata, koma kukolola kochepa.
Kudyetsa mbatata moyenera mukabzala kumakupatsani mwayi wokolola wabwino. Potere, mbatata imakhala yabwino kwambiri komanso yayitali.
