Mu nthawi yamaluwa yamaluwa, munthu amatha kuzindikira masamba obiriwira obiriwira obiriwira, okhala ndi ma pinki inflorescence pamiyala yowala. Uwu ndi bwato, kubzala ndi kusamalira kutchire komwe ngakhale woyambitsa sangayambitse vuto. Koma dimba, chifukwa cha chomera chake chosasangalatsa, chothandiza komanso chothandiza kwambiri, lidzasinthidwa.
Mitengo yosiyanasiyana ya maluwa onunkhira ochokera kumadera ena a Asia kumene nthumwi zina zauwisi sizingakhale bwino. Zomera sizingokhala m'mapiri ndi mapiri okha, komanso pamatanthwe amiyala, kumapiri. Mikhalidwe yotere "idawumitsa" duwa, chifukwa kupirira nthawi zambiri kumatchedwa saxifrage.
M'mapangidwe, monga pachithunzichi, zofukizazo zidapeza malo awo kumapiri a Alpine komanso pafupi ndi dziwe pafupi, m'minda yokhazikitsidwa ndi mitundu ina yokongoletsera. Kukula kwa izi zomwe zikukula msanga komanso kupanga makatani okongola kuchokera ku masamba owongoka azikhalidwe ndizofala.
Kukula badan ndi kuusamalira pamalopo sikungalepheretse munthu wokhala wotentha nthawi yayitali. Chachikulu ndikupeza malo osatha osatha ndikupanga maluwa ndikukula.
Pomwe ndi momwe mungabzalire lubani?
Zosagwirizana, kusungidwa kwa chisanu ndi kufukiza kwa zofukiza mwachilengedwe kudasinthidwa mokwanira m'minda yamitundu. Chifukwa chake, ngakhale woyambitsa akhoza kukula mu maluwa ake. Monga mbewu zina zamuyaya, zofukiza zimabzalidwa ndi mbande kapena nthochi za mwana wamkazi wosiyana ndi chomera chachikulu.
Koma musanabzale zofukizazo, muyenera kusankha malo abwino. Chikhalidwe chimamva bwino kwambiri m'malo onse okhala ndi dothi lotayirira. Dothi loterolo limathandizira kuti mizu ya pansi ikhale ndi chakudya, mpweya, komanso chinyezi, chomwe chimafunika kwambiri ngati lubani.
Mukamasankha malo, zokonda zimaperekedwa kumadera omwe zofukizira sizizunzika ndi chilala komanso kuwala kwa dzuwa, komanso kuchokera kufupi kwamadzi oyandama. Mthunzi pang'ono, mbewuyo imakhala yabwino, koma ngati malo ogulitsira amakhala ndi nthawi yambiri padzuwa, dothi lomwe pansi pake liyenera kuphatikizidwa.
Palibe zofunika zapadera pakapangidwe dothi. Ngati, pamalo omwe muyenera kubzala zofukizazo, dothi limachita pang'ono pang'ono. Komabe, pang'onopang'ono acidic, chomeracho chimatha kusintha, kuphuka ndikuchulukana.
Kusamalira maluwa onunkhira mutabzala
Ndikofunika kuyamba kusungunula chisanu, chifukwa masamba ofukizira amawoneka pansi pake. Zowona, masamba omwe adatsalira kuyambira chaka chatha adatha kuvutika nthawi yachisanu.
Chifukwa chake, mchaka, kusamalira mukadzala zonunkhira pamalo otseguka kumayamba ndikuchotsa masamba owonongeka kapena akufa. Kutsatira matako, feteleza wovuta kumayambitsidwa, omwe adapangidwa kuti apangitse kukula ndi kuthandizira mbewu pak maluwa.
Pamene mabelu a pinki kapena a lilac mu panicle inflorescence afota, malo obzala amakhalanso chakudya. Pakadali pano, feteleza abwezeretsa michere yosungidwa ndikuthandizira kukula kwa malo ogulitsira.
Feteleza kuphatikizidwa ndi kuthirira kapena kuchitika kale panthaka. Popeza lubani limayankha bwino madzi, liyenera kuthiriridwa:
- pa mapangidwe a masamba ndi mawonekedwe a peduncle;
- m'masiku awiri 10 mpaka 20, ngati nthawi imeneyi kulibe mpweya;
- Pambuyo pake, kufikira kumapeto kwa chilimwe ndikuwopseza chilala.
M'nyengo yotentha, nthaka ikatayika chinyontho chifukwa champhamvu, ndipo mizu yake imatha kuzimiririka, dothi limakhazikika. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuchita izi, monga pachithunzichi, mukamachoka mutabzala zofukiza.
Nkhani zokopa
Mutha kubzala mbewu zazing'ono pamalopo pofesa mbewu zomwe mumakonda kapena kugawa mbewu yomwe idakula kale.
Kufalikira kwa mbewu pamalonda onunkhira kumapereka mwayi kuzirala.
Mbeu zofesedwa mizere yopanda kupitilira 0,5 masentimita zimasindikizidwa ndi dothi lonyowa ndikumatumizidwa kuzizira. Zoyenera, ngati chidebe chodzala chikatulutsidwa panja ndikuwazidwa ndi chipale chofewa, chomwe chimatha kukhala chinyezi komanso kupewa mbande kuti zisazizire.
Kumayambiriro kwa Marichi, chidebe chimayikidwa kutentha, pakuwala, koma osati dzuwa. Kutentha kwa 18-19 ºC ndikukhala ndi chinyezi chachikulu, mbewu zimayamba kutupa ndipo patatha masiku 20-25 zimaswa.
Kusamalira duwa la lubani mukabzala kumaphatikizapo kuthirira ndi kumasula dothi mozungulira mbande. Ngati mayendedwewo ndi akulu kwambiri, amawadula, kusiya chomera chimodzi 3-5 cm.
Pakupita masiku 45-55 mutabzala, mbewu zazing'ono zimayenda pansi, ndikufalirana motalikirana mpaka mainchesi 6-7. Pofika Juni, mutha kudziwa komwe mungabzale zofukizira. Koma izi zisanachitike, mbande zimawumitsidwa, pang'onopang'ono kuwonjezera kutalika kwa mabokosi okhala ndi mbande mumlengalenga watsopano. Mu theka loyamba la chilimwe, mbande zolimba zimanyamulidwa. Zina zonse zimagulidwa mu Ogasiti.
Kubzala lubani m'malo otseguka komanso kusamalira mbeu
Dongosolo la zofukizazi lili pafupi ndi nthaka, motero simuyenera kupanga mabowo akulu, ozama. Ndikokwanira kusankha dothi pamtunda wa 6-8 masentimita ndi scoop, ndikuthira mchenga pang'ono pansi pa dzenjalo. Popeza chomera chimakankhira malire ake, pang'onopang'ono, nthawi yolowera pakati pa mabowoyo siotsika masentimita 40. Mutabzala, nthaka imakongoletsedwa ndikuthiriridwa.
Ngati zipatso zambiri zanyengo chaka chamawa mutabzala m'nthaka, ndiye kuti zofukizazo sizikufulumira kuti muwonetse inflorescence yanu yachilimwe. Masamba oyamba amapangidwa pokhapokha zaka ziwiri zokha, koma nthawi yomweyo zofukizira zimapangidwa kale zigawo za mwana wamkazi.
Ichi ndiye chinthu chabwino kubzala, chomwe ndi chosavuta kupatukana ndi mbewu zachilimwe m'chilimwe, mutatha maluwa, komanso mpaka masiku oyamba a September. Ma rhizomes a delenki amenewa amakhala pansi panthaka kapena potuluka pamwamba pake, ndipo ngakhale woyambitsa amatha kuthana ndi kukumba kwawo.
Muyenera kugawa chomera kuti masamba atatu athanzi akhalebe pa mizu. Masamba amadulidwa kuchokera mbande, kusiya awiri amphamvu. Kubala kumachitika mpaka akuya masentimita atatu mpaka asanu. Kuti zofukizazo zikhale ndi mwayi wokulirapo, kusiyana kwa masentimita 30 kumatsala pakati pazomera zamtsogolo. Mwezi woyamba, kudyetsa sikofunikira, koma kuthirira kuyenera kukhala kokhazikika komanso kokwanira.
Ndi chisamaliro choyenera, zofukiza zomwe zidabzalidwa panthaka zimatuluka pachaka chimodzi chisanafike mbande, ndiko kuti, mchaka chachiwiri kapena chachitatu pambuyo pa kuyamba kwa moyo wodziyimira pawokha.
Momwe mungayikitsire lubani? Chomerachi chimatha kukhala malo amodzi kwa nthawi yayitali komanso popanda mavuto owoneka. Chifukwa chake, kumuyika kumachitika pofunidwa:
- kuchepetsa kukula kwa zofukiza pamalopo;
- M'malo mwake, tengani zodzala kuti ziberekanenso kuchokera kwa akulu mbewu.
Kukhazikika kosasunthika komwe kumabzala kumabweretsa kuchuluka kachulukidwe, komwe kamakhala ndi matenda komanso kudziunjikira kwa tizirombo.
Mavuto mukulima ndi kusamalira zonunkhira
Nthawi zambiri pamsika pamakhala matenda oyamba ndi mafangasi omwe amayamba chifukwa chakhwawa komanso chinyezi chambiri. Zizindikiro za matenda oterewa zimawonekera pamasamba mawonekedwe a bulauni kapena malo oyera, amakuda kapena minofu necrosis.
Masamba amakhudzidwa ndi masamba owuma ndipo matendawo amakula. Kulimbana ndi zovuta pakulima ndi kusamalira bwato:
- kupopera mbewu mankhwalawo ndi fungicides;
- kukhazikitsa njira yosamalirira ndi kuthirira;
- kusowa kwa malo okonzekereratu kuti azigwiritsa ntchito malo abwino opumira.
Pakati pa tizirombo timene timawononga chomera, ma sagi, ma nematode ndi ma pennies a slobbery tiyenera kutchedwa. Ngati tizilombo titha kuyang'aniridwa ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo, ndiye kuti nyongolotsi zimabweretsa chiwopsezo chachikulu. Zomera zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi iwo zimakungidwa ndipo, pofuna kupewa kufalikira kwa nematode, zimawonongeka. Chiwembu chomwe frangipani anakulira chimachiritsidwa mobwerezabwereza ndi tizilombo toononga tizirombo, kenako ndikusiyidwa mpaka chaka chamawa.
Kukonzekera zofukiza m'munda nthawi yachisanu
Baji sikuthana ndi chisanu, komabe, nyengo zazing'ono, mitundu ina ikhoza kukhala yozizira. Pofuna kupewa kuti nsalu yotchinga isawonekere yamalimwe, ndikuphukiranso patadutsa zaka zingapo, mbewu zazing'ono zomwe zilibe nthawi yokwanira zimalimbikitsidwa. Izi zitha kuchitika ndi mulch wosanjikiza, womwe masamba owuma ndi wouma, nthambi za spruce, ndi peat zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.
