Monga mukudziwira, mbatata zokondweretsa ndizofunikira kuti tiwonjezere zokolola komanso kuteteza ma tubers ku nyengo zoyipa. Ndiye chifukwa chake, onse olima dimba omwe amafesa mbewu ayenera kudziwa nthawi ndi nthawi yolima mbatata, komanso kukhala ndi mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito zida zatsopano.
Kufunika kwa mbatata zotentha
Posachedwa, mutha kumva malingaliro akuti mbatata zitha kulimidwa popanda kuwerengera. Inde, mizu ya mbewu, yomwe imalunjikidwa chotsika, safuna ntchito yotere, koma ma stolon omwe ma tubers amawonekera nthawi zambiri amakula osati pansi, komanso mmwamba ndi pansi. Ndondomeko ndiyofunikira kuti mapangidwe owonjezera tubers mu lotayirira nthaka ndi chitunda ndi kusintha zokolola.
Popita nthawi, mbatata zimakula ndikubwera padziko lapansi, zomwe zikuwonetsa kufunika kokolola. Kuphatikiza pa kukulitsa zokolola, hilling imateteza tubers ku dzuwa lotentha kapena ozizira ausiku, chifukwa, satembenukira wobiriwira komanso osawonongeka.
Nthawi ya mapiri oyamba ndi otsatirawa
Kuti mukwaniritse zokolola zabwino ndikuteteza mbewu ku nyengo zoyipa, muyenera kudziwa nthawi yoyambira mbatata koyamba, komanso kangati mukuchita mtsogolo. Zingakhale bwino kuchita kubowola pansi pakanyowa mvula kapena kuthilira. Pankhaniyi, ma stolon, omwe ma tubers amapanga pambuyo pake, ayamba kukula msanga. Kuyandikira kwa nthaka youma kwambiri kungakhale kovulaza ku tchire la mbatata.
Pali lingaliro kuti hilling iyenera kuchitika kawiri kapena katatu:
- Njira yoyamba iyenera kuchitika mbatata zikamakula ndi masentimita 5-10. Ngati chisanu chamadzulo chikuyembekezeka, tikulimbikitsidwa kuphimba tchire lonse lapansi ndikuwateteza kuzizira. Ngati kuchepa kwa kutentha sikumayembekezeredwa, palibe chifukwa chobisa nthambi zazing'onoting'ono ndi dothi, kuti muchepetse kukula kwawo.
- Yachiwiri hilling imachitika makamaka nthawi ya tuber mapangidwe. Izi ndi pafupifupi masabata awiri itatha yoyamba, maluwa asanakhale.
- Njira yachitatu yosamalira mbatata itha kuchitika pomwe tchire limakula pafupifupi 25 cm. Sikuti kuwadzaza kwathunthu, ndikokwanira kuwaza maziko. Mutha kuponyera pansi pakati pa nthambi zamitengo kuti zokulira.
Mtundu utawonekera pachikhalidwe, ndikofunikira kulima bwino kapena kuchotsa udzu. Munthawi imeneyi, tubers zimayamba kukhazikika ndipo zimatha kuwonongeka.
Momwe mungatulutsire mbatata pamanja: njira zowonekera
Musanayambe kulima mbatata muyenera kuchotsa udzu wonse pamalowo. Udzu sungachotsedwe, koma nkutsalira pansi. Ikacha, imakhala chitetezo champhamvu padzuwa. Ndikofunika kuchita njira zosamalirira mbatata osati pakati pa tsiku lotentha, lozunzidwa ndi ludzu, koma kuti muchite izi m'mawa kapena pafupi ndi madzulo ndikuchepa kwa ntchito ya dzuwa. Inde, mulimonsemo, mukamakula, mumaphwanya dongosolo lazomera pang'ono, ndipo limatha kufota.
Malamulo oyambira kumvetsetsa momwe angalimire mbatata afotokozedwa pansipa. Pakuphatikiza kwa mbatata sikofunikira kukhala ndi mphamvu zauzimu, ndikokwanira kukhala ndi khasu kapena khasu kuti mutha kuzigwiritsa ntchito. Sapka ndiye chida chodziwika kwambiri chomwe ogwiritsa ntchito alimi kusamalira mbewu. Imatha kukhala trapezoidal, patatu, imakhala ndi lakuthwa kapena konsekonse.
Pali njira ziwiri zosakanizira mbatata:
- Njira yoyamba imakhala kutola dothi kutchire kuchokera mbali zonse. Chifukwa chake, "maluwa" amodzi omwe amayambira zimapezeka.
- Malinga ndi njira yachiwiri, timitengo timafunika kufalikira mbali zosiyanasiyana pokhapokha tithira dothi pakati pa chitsamba.
Mukamachita holl, onetsetsani kuti knoll ndi lokwera komanso lokwera. Kasikil’owu, tubbalu tuzingilanga, tufwete kutusadisa.
Kusamalira Mbatata ndi Wofalitsa Manja
Choko chamanja ndichida chotsika mtengo kwambiri komanso chosavuta posamalira mbewuyi. Mutha kugula malo osungiramo mavitamini m'malo ogulitsira, kapena mutha kudzipanga nokha. Chipangizochi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito polima nthaka pakati pa mabedi. Kamangidwe kake ndi kosavuta. Imakhala ndi chogwirizira - chogwirizira ndi zinyumba ziwiri, chilichonse chomwe chimaphatikizidwa ndi tezlo, chomwe chili pakona pa madigiri 45 mpaka pansi. Kuti muchite njirayi, ndikokwanira kukoka chipangizocho patsogolo, ndikugwiritsitsa chogwirira, ndikusintha zotayirazo m'njira yomwe mukufuna.
Chifukwa chake, kupanga spatger ya mbatata ndi manja anu ndikosavuta. Kuti mupange chipangizochi muyenera:
- Bomba lopanda kanthu (kutalika - 90-100 cm, mainchesi - 1 inchi).
- Payipi yopanda kanthu (- mainchesi mainchesi) yopangidwa kutulutsa thirakiti: kumbuyo ndi kutsogolo.
- Chitsulo chopanda mililita kupanga zotayira.
- Blowtorch kuwotcha chitsulo pakugwada.
- Lanyard.
- Pukutani kuti mugwire mafupa.
- Makina owotcherera.
Kupanga mbatata okuchnik ndi manja anu, muyenera:
- Kuti mupange zojambula kumbuyo, kumbuyo ndi patsogolo. Gawo ili limakhala lakuthwa kuchokera pa chitoliro cha masentimita 100 pofika pafupifupi 30 sentimita ya chitolirochi. Choyenera kuchita ndi bomba belu. Njira yopangira kutsogolo ndi ndodo zakumbuyo imatha kumveka bwino ngati muwonerera kanema wapadera.
- Pangani zolimira mapasa. Popanga matumba, pamafunika ma plates awiri ozungulira. Ma disc awa amayenera kuyikika pakona ina ndikulumikizidwa pogwiritsa ntchito makina othandizira.
- Pangani mpeni wodula. Gawoli ndilofunikira kwambiri pakupanga wopalawo, popeza ndiye mpeni womwe, pamene khasualo lazikhazikika mu dothi, limayamba kugwa. Chitsulo chachitsulo chimayenera kudulidwa kuti chikhale cha muvi chopendekera ndi madigiri 45, kenako ndikulowetsani nsongayo mpaka pansi pa chomangiracho ndikukupera.
Kukula mbatata ndi thirakitara kumbuyo kwa thirakiti
Mpaka pano, kuti muthandizire kusamalira mbatata ndikufulumizitsa njira yodzipangira, mutha kugula thirakitala yapadera yoyenda kuseri kwa thirakitala. Ubwino wa thirakitara loyenda kumbuyo kwake ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake konse: kuyambira kumasula nthaka mpaka kukolola. Zoyipa za chipangizochi zimaphatikizapo mtengo wake wokwera, komanso kuwonjezeka kwa kuwonongeka kwa mbatata ya mbatata.
Pankhani ya kukonza mbatata pogwiritsa ntchito thirakitara kumbuyo, muyenera kuonetsetsa kuti mtunda pakati pa mizere ndi wokhazikika komanso womwewo pakubzala. Kuti tichite izi, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito chikhomo ndikuchigwiritsa ntchito kujambula mizere pabedi.
Kuti mumalize mbatata, matakitala otsatirawa amaika:
- Ma ufa awiri ophika kutsogolo kwa chipangizocho.
- Okuchnik kumbuyo, komwe adapangira zodzaza mbatata ndi dothi.
Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti posamalira mbatata zazikulu za mbatata, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito ma nozzles atatu omwe atsegula mizere itatu ya baka ya mbatata nthawi imodzi. Mlimi aliyense amasankha yekha momwe angayang'anire mbewuzo: pangani nthawi yochepa komanso ndalama zambiri pa izi, kapena mosinthanitsa.
Kuti muwonjezere kusamalira bwino kwa mbewu iyi, ndikofunika kuti muziwonera kanema woyamba momwe mungatulutsire mbatata mosasamala kanthu ndi njira yomwe mwasankhira.
