Biringanya - kulima ndi mitundu

Ndikunena kuti biringanya ndi osatha, ndipo timakulitsa chaka chilichonse. Biringanya ikhoza kukhala mabulosi a mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi mawonekedwe. Ndipo osati silinda wamtambo wokha: woboola pakati, wopindika, wamanjoka wokhala ndi zamkaka zoyera kapena zonyezimira, popanda kuwawa. Mtundu wa khungu la zipatsozo umasiyana ndi mtundu wakuda ndi utoto wofiirira, bulauni wokhala ndi mtundu wonyezimira mpaka wobiriwira wachikasu kapena wotuwa.

Biringanya. © Anne Underwood

Mtundu wazomera zamasamba zimafotokozedwa ndikuti zimachokera ku India. Mu Chilatini, dzina lake limatanthawuza "nightshade ndi apulo." Chakum'mawa kwa Aroma wakale kumadziwika kuti ndi mphatso yochokera kwa mulungu dzuwa - Mchere - (cantilever, mpendadzuwa). Agiriki akale adaganiza kuti biringanya ndi chomera chakupha ndipo amachitcha "apulo wamisala," akukhulupirira kuti amene adadyayo angataye mtima ... Ndipo tsopano tikudziwa kuti biringanya ndi ... chokoma kwambiri!

Biringanya (Solanum melongena) - mitundu ya osatha herbaceous zomera za mtundu Paslen, masamba chikhalidwe. Amadziwikanso ndi dzina la badrijan (osowa kwambiri bubridjan), ndipo kum'mwera kwa Russia ma eggplants amatchedwa buluu.

Kukula

Timayika ma biringanya pambuyo pa otsogola abwino kwambiri, ndiwo ma gourds, kabichi, anyezi, mbewu za muzu. Timabwezeretsa mazira m'malo awo oyambirirawo osapitirira zaka zitatu. Mukazisunga pamalo amodzimodzi mpaka kalekale, mbewuzo zimavutika ndi matenda oyamba ndi fungal. Timabzala pamalo otseguka komanso abwino.

Mutakolola chikhalidwe cham'mbuyomu, timachotsa nthaka pansipo zadzala, kudzaza ndi humus pamtunda wa 80-100 kg, superphosphate - 400-450 g, mchere wa potaziyamu - 100-150 g pa 10 m².

Timakumba tsambalo lakuya masentimita 25-28 kuchokera pakugwa. Kumayambiriro kasupe, nthaka ikanguma, timakolola. Kale mu Epulo, timayambitsa feteleza wa nayitrogeni (urea) muyezo wa 300 g pa 10 m² ndikulowetsa mpaka masentimita 6-8.

Zochita zikuwonetsa kuti kufesa ndi mbewu zazikulu zamtundu kumakulitsa zipatso. Momwe mungasinthire mbewu? Kuti muchite izi, thirani madzi okwanira malita 5 mumtsuko, ikani mchere wa g 60 pamenepo. Mcherewo ukasungunuka, timagona njere, kenako ndikuwanyusa kwa mphindi 1-2, pambuyo pake timateteza mphindi 3-5. Kenako ikani njere ndi yankho ndikutaya zotsalazo ndi madzi oyera nthawi zisanu mpaka zisanu ndi chimodzi. Pambuyo pochapa, mbewu zazikuru, zodzaza ndi mtembo zimayikidwa pachitseko ndi zouma.

Biringanya mmera. © Vitalliy

Pamaso kufesa, ndikofunikira kudziwa kumera kwa njere. Pachifukwa ichi, timayika nthangala 50 kapena 100 za mbeu pachingwe chaching'ono yokutidwa ndi pepala losefera, pang'ono pochepetsa pepalalo ndikuyika pawindo la nyumba yotentha. Mbeu zikaluma (patatha masiku 5-7), timawerengera kuti zimere. Izi zimathandiza kupewa mbande zazing'ono.

Biringanya wa biringanya amabzala makamaka mbande. Imalandiridwa m'malo obiriwira okhala ndi manyowa 50-60 masentimita. Kubzala mbewu m'malo obiriwira kumachitika kumayambiriro kwa Marichi, ndiye kuti, masiku 55-60 asanagwetsere mbande pamalo osatha. Asanafesere, matabwa amtundu wobiriwira amathandizidwa ndi 10% yankho la bulitchi kapena yankho lakuda laimu watsopano.

Dothi lakupangika: malo okumbika pansi ataphatikizidwa ndi humus muyezo wa 2: 1. Nthaka yobiriwira imathiridwa pampondapo ndi wosanjikiza masentimita 15-16. Isanafesedwe, dothi limakometsedwa ndi superphosphate pamlingo wa 250 g pa chimango chimodzi chobiriwira (1.5 m²). Pansi pa chimango, 8-10 g ya mbewu yofesedwa ndi kufesa ndikuya kuya kwa masentimita 1-2. Pazoyala 10 m², ndikokwanira kukula mbande 100. Mphamvu ya kutentha munthawi ya kumera mbeu zimasungidwa mkati mwa 25-30 °. Kubwera kwa mbande, kutentha pa masiku 6 oyamba kumachepetsedwa kukhala 14-16 °. Kenako kutentha kumayendetsedwa: masana othandizira masana 16-26 ° usiku 10-14 °.

Wamaluwa akudziwa kuti mizu ya biringanya ndi zovuta kuyambiranso, ndipo ikang'ambika pozandidwa, imasiyidwa pambuyo pokukula. Chifukwa chake, ndibwino kukula mbande mumiphika ya humus-dothi. Maphika, osakaniza wathanzi amakonzedwa magawo 8 a humus, 2 magawo a turf land, 1 gawo la mullein ndi kuwonjezera 10 g ya urea, 40-50 g ya superphosphate ndi 4-5 g ya potaziyamu mchere pachidebe chilichonse. Kukula kwa miphika ndi masentimita 6x6. masiku 8-4 asanafesere, miphika imayikidwa mwamphamvu mu wowonjezera kutentha ndi dothi lokwanira masentimita 5-6 Ngati miphika itaphwa, amakhala wothira ndipo mbewu 8-4 zimayikidwa mu iliyonse. Finyani mbewu pamwamba panthaka ndikuzungulira masentimita 1-2.

Kuthirira mbande mu greenh m'nyumba ngati pakufunika, nthawi zambiri zimachitika m'mawa ndipo nthawi yomweyo kuyatsa wowonjezera kutentha. M'mvula yozizira kwambiri simungathe kuthirira.

Mbande zimafunikira zakudya zina zowonjezera. Chifukwa chaichi, 50 g ya superphosphate, 20 ammonium sulfate ndi 16 g ya mchere wa potaziyamu amatengedwa mumtsuko wa madzi. Kuyambira kuvala pamwamba pa organic, mullein, zitosi zam'madzi kapena zoterera zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Zitosi za mbalame ndi mullein zimayamba kuthiriridwa mu mphika (masiku 6-8). Madzi owondedwawo amadzipereka ndi madzi: njira yothirira ya mbalame maulendo 15-20 (kwa mbewu zazing'onoting'ono zomwe zili gawo loyambirira la tsamba) kapena maulendo 10-15 (kwa mbande zokhala ndi masamba 4-5). Mullein solution imasungunuka ndi madzi katatu, ndikutsitsika katatu. Zovala zachilengedwe ndi mchere zimasinthanso. Chovala choyambirira chapamwamba (chokhala ndi feteleza wachilengedwe) chimachitika patadutsa masiku 10 titangochoka, chachiwiri - patadutsa masiku 10 kutengera kovala koyamba ndi feteleza wama mchere. Pambuyo povala pamwamba, mbande zimathirira pang'ono ndi madzi oyera kuti zitsukire m'malovu njira.

Biringanya mbande. © Jen & Josh

Masiku 10-15 asanabzalidwe, mbande zimachepetsedwa: kuthirira kumachepetsedwa, chimango chimachotsedwa (choyamba kwa tsiku limodzi, kenako kutengera kutentha kwa tsiku lonse). Masiku 5-10 asanabzalidwe m'malo okhazikika, mbewuzo zimapopanitsidwa ndi yankho la 0,5% la mkuwa wa sulfate (50 g pa 10 l yamadzi) kuteteza mbewu ku matenda oyamba ndi mafangasi.

Mbande ya biringanya nthawi yakubzala pamalo okhazikika iyenera kukhala ndi masamba asanu ndi amodzi a 5-6, tsinde lakumaso ndi mizu yolimba.

Madzulo a kubzala, mbande mu wowonjezera kutentha zim madzi ambiri. Amayamba kubzala mbande zikafika posachedwa chisanu, kutanthauza kumapeto kwa chaka choyamba kapena koyambirira kwa Meyi (kwa Crimea). Kuchedwa kubzala mbande ngakhale kwa masiku 7-10 kumabweretsa kuchepa kwa zokolola.

Mbande zomwe zimakula popanda miphika zimasankhidwa, kusungitsa malo ambiri. Wobzala mwakuya masentimita 7-8, 1.5 cm mwakuya kuposa khosi mizu. Aisles amasiya masentimita 60-70, zotumphukira pakati pa mbeu mu mzere wa 20-25 cm.Ngati dothi lapansi lomwe lili pamizu ndi losalimba, ndiye kuti nyemba zikamasulidwa, mizu imamizidwa mu mullein kuchokera ku mullein ndi dongo. Zindikirani: mbande zosenda bwino zimazika mizu mwachangu, zimapatsa zokolola, ndipo zimatenga masiku 20-25 kale.

Kusamalira

Timabzala mbande za udzu munthaka nyengo yamvula kapena masana. Kotero mbewu zimamera bwino. Timasefa nthaka pafupi ndi mizu ndipo nthawi yomweyo timathirira. Patatha masiku 3-4, m'malo mwa mbande zomwe zagwa, timadzala zatsopano ndikuthirira kwachiwiri (200 l, kuthirira ndi mitengo yodyetsera zimaperekedwa kwa 10 m²).

Chiwerengero chokwanira cha kuthirira kwa chilimwe ndi 9-10, m'masiku 7-9. Tikathirira chilichonse, timasula dothi lakuya masentimita 8-10, nthawi yomweyo namsongole amachotsedwa. Kudyetsa koyamba kumachitika patadutsa masiku 15 mpaka 20 mutathira mbande (urea 100-150 g). Timapereka kwachiwiri kuvala masabata atatu itatha yoyamba (superphosphate solution 150 g ndi urea 100 g). Timathira feteleza ndi khasu kuya kwa 8-10 cm ndikuthirira madzi nthawi yomweyo. Kumayambiriro kwa zipatso, kudyetsa ndi mullein watsopano (makilogalamu 6-8) pamodzi ndi madzi othirira ndikothandiza. Pambuyo pa masiku 15 mpaka 20, kuvala pamwamba ndi mullein watsopano kumatha kubwerezedwa.

Biringanya. © Scott

Zomera za biringanya zimatha kuukira kachilomboka ndi kachilomboka. Pamavuto oyipawa, timagwiritsa ntchito njira ya chlorophos ya 0,3% ndende (30 g ya mankhwalawa pa malita 10 a madzi). Ntchito siginecha - kuwaswa kwa kachilomboka.

Zosiyanasiyana

Mitundu yabwino kwambiri ya biringanya: Delicacy, Gribovsky-752, Dwarf oyambirira-921, Donskoy, Long violet, Bulgaria. Mtundu wakuda wofiirira ukupezeka pagulu lakummawa la mitundu yoyambirira (mitundu: Delicacy, Dwarf oyambirira, Oriental).

Mu gulu lakumadzulo la mitundu, mawonekedwe amtunduwo amapendekeka, ozungulira, ozungulira, ovoid, amafupikitsidwa phale, ooneka ngati cylindrical (mitundu: Crimean, Donskoy).

Pakukula pansi pa kanema mkati mwa msewu wapakatikati, mitundu yoyambirira yakucha imagwiritsidwa ntchito: Zida za 163, Dwarf kumayambiriro 6, ndi zina. Mwa mbewu zapakati ndi zopatsa zipatso, Universal 6, Simferopolsky 105, etc.

Nthawi yabwino yoyeretsa ndi youma, nyengo yabwino mpaka chisanu choyamba. Ngakhale kuwonongeka pang'ono kozizira kumapangitsa biringanya kukhala losatheka.

Albatross

• Kugonjera kwapakatikati. Nthawi kuyambira mbande kukolola masiku 115-130. Mbewuyo ndi yaying'ono, 40-60 masentimita. Zipatso ndi zazifupi-zooneka ngati pepera, zolemera 300-450 g, zokhala ndi mnofu woyera wopanda khungu. Mtundu mu ukadaukadaulo wamtambo ndi wa buluu-violet, wopangidwa mwachilengedwe - bulauni. Moyo wa alumali komanso mawonekedwe ake ndiabwino kwambiri. Kugwiritsa ntchito konsekonse.

Kuomba

• Zipatso zokopa zofiirira. Nthawi kuyambira mbande mpaka kukolola koyamba ndi masiku 120-130. Tchire limakhala lofalikira pang'ono, 85-90 cm pamalo otseguka.Zipatsozo zimapangidwa mosalala, kutalika kwa 20-25 cm. Zipatsozo zimasunga mikhalidwe yamalonda kwa nthawi yayitali.

Biringanya “Wachiwongola Chachikulu”

Bagheera

• Oyambirira yakucha wosakanizidwa biringanya kusankha "Gavrish". Zomera ndi zamphamvu. Maluwa ndi osakwatiwa, komanso masentimita pafupifupi 5. Zipatso zolemera 250-300 g, chowulungika, chofiirira chakuda. Kugwirizana kwa kachulukidwe kakang'ono ndi koyera ndi tint yobiriwira, popanda kuwawa. Wosakanizidwa amatha kusinthidwa kuti azilimidwa pamalo otetezedwa.

Barbentane

• Gawo lakale kwambiri la biringanya chifukwa chokulira malo obiriwira filimu komanso malo otseguka. Zomera 1.8 m kutalika.

Vicar

• Kucha koyambirira (masiku 110-115) mtundu wa biringanya wosankhidwa "VNIISSOK". Kupanga mu wowonjezera kutentha kwama film ndi 5-7 kg / m. Mtengowo ndi mtundu wodziwika bwino, wokhala ndi mtundu wa anthocyanin. Chipatsocho ndichopyapyala ngati peyala kapena chofupikitsa, chofiirira chamtundu, masekeli 200. Minga ndizofooka.

Wofiirira wautali

• Gawo lakale kwambiri la biringanya. Mtengowo ukukula msanga, wophatikiza ndi waufupi wamtunda, 40-55 masentimita. Zipatso zake ndizitali zazitali, zolemera 200-300 g.

Don Quixote

• Kucha koyamba (masiku 100-120.) Biringanya wosankha Manul wa malo owala ndi ma green film. Zomera ndizing'anga. Zipatso ndi zofiirira zakuda kukula 35 355x5-6 masentimita, masekeli 300-400 g

Lolita

• Masankhidwe a biringanya wosakanizidwa "Gavrish" wokhwima masiku 110-115. Mwa mitundu yonse yamalo otetezedwa. Mtengowo ndiwakukulika kakang'ono, m'malo obiriwira obiriwira 270-330 masentimita, m'mabokosi obiriwira 70-80 cm. Zipatso ndi zofiirira zakuda, zazitali (18-25 cm), zolemera 250-309 g, popanda voids. Guwa ndi loyera, lowonda, lopanda kuwawa, lokhala ndi nthangala zazing'ono komanso zambiri zotsekemera. Zonedwe mu 1998 ku Central, Central Black Earth ndi Ural. Kupanga 14.7 kg / m

Maria

• Obiriwira wobiriwira wosakhwima wokhala ndi zipatso za cylindrical, inki-wofiirira pakhungu ndi masekeli 200-225 g.

Nautilus

• Mid-oyambirira (masiku 120-130) biringanya wosakanizidwa wa glazed ndi mkangano wowotcha filimu posankha Manul. Zomera ndi zamphamvu. Zipatso ndi zofiirira zowoneka bwino monga mawonekedwe a saber, zoyezera 21-28 x 7-10 cm ndikulemera 300-500 g.

Wamunthu wakuda wokongola

• Kucha koyambirira (masiku 78) Dera lachiberekero zosiyanasiyana. Zomera ndizitali masentimita 50-60. Zipatso zake ndizokongola, zolimba, za mawonekedwe a cylindrical nthawi zonse, zolemera 200 - 250 g.

Biringanya “Bagheera”

Mwezi wakuda

• Mid-oyambirira zipatso, wodzichepetsa kalasi la biringanya. Zipatso ndizokulungidwa mozungulira ndi mulifupi mwake masentimita 15 mpaka 20. Zimakhazikika bwino pamtunda wotsika.

Daimondi

• Kupsa kwamkati (masiku a 109-149), ma biringanya osiyanasiyana osankhidwa a Donetsk OBS, mbewuyo ndi yaying'ono, kutalika kwa 46-56 masentimita. Zipatsozo ndi cylindrical, giza violet 14-18 masentimita, kulemera kwa 100-165 g. Zamkati ndizobiriwira, zowonda, zopanda kuwawa. Zopanga zimakhala mpaka 8 kg. Zosiyanasiyana zimayamikiridwa chifukwa cha kupsa mwachangu komanso makonzedwe acipatso kumapeto kwa mbewu.

Amethyst

• Kucha koyamba, kupangika kwaukadaulo kumachitika patatha masiku 95-115 mutamera kwathunthu. Chomera chatsekedwa, cha kutalika kwapakatikati. Tsamba limakhala lalifupi, labiriwira, lochepa, losalala, lopanda minga. Calyx pang'ono pang'ono. Chipatsochi ndi kutalika kwapakatikati, miyala yowoneka ngati peyala, yofiirira yakuda muukadaulo waukadaulo. Kugunda kumayera popanda kuwawa. Kuchuluka kwa zipatso ndi 240-280 g.

Kukongola kwakuda

• Oyambirira odzipereka biringanya. Zipatso ndi zofiirira-zakuda, zolemera 700- 900 g ndi zowonda komanso zokoma. Zosiyanasiyana zimakhala ndi zipatso zabwino pamalo osavomerezeka. Imapereka zokolola zabwino m'misasa yamafilimu ngakhale m'dera lokhala ndi chilimwe.

Veratik

• Mitundu yoyambirira ya kubzala kwa mabiringanya "Transnistrian Research Institute of Agriculture". Nthawi kuyambira mbande mpaka nthawi yokolola 115-119 masiku. Chomera chikukula, kutalika kwa 45-70 cm. Zipatso zake ndi zakuda, zonyezimira, zooneka ngati peyala komanso zowongoka bwino, masekeli 165-185 g. Thupi limakhala loyera, loyera popanda kuwawa. Pewani veritisillosis ndi nthata za akangaude. Kapangidwira kumalongeza ndikuphika. Zone ku Moldova.

Delphi

• Mitundu yoyambira yapakatikati (masiku 120-130) ma biringanya zamitundu mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya masamba obiriwira osankhidwa Manul. Zomera ndi zamphamvu. Zipatso za mtundu wa lilac-zokhala ndi malekezero owoneka, kukula 40-45 x6-6.5 masentimita ndi kulemera kwa 300-450 g.

Giselle

• Mtengowo ndi wamtunda wa masentimita 170-190, wolimba pang'ono, wokhala ndi masamba pang'ono pang'ono pang'ono. Tsamba ndilalikulu, lobiriwira, m'mphepete mwa tsamba ndiloterera, popanda spikes. Chipatsochi ndicitali 25-30 cm, cylindrical, glossy, purple. Guwa ndi loyera, loonda popanda kuwawa.

Madonna

• Zophatikiza ndi mahatchi osakanizidwa a Hybrid Zonedwe mu 1998 ku Central, Central Black Earth ndi Ural madera otentha nthawi yachisanu komanso kusintha kwa nyengo yozizira. Ukadaukadaulo kumachitika pakatha masiku 91 mutamera kwathunthu. Mtengowo ndi wokulirapo, wamtunda wa 1.6-1.8 m. Zipatsozo ndizopendekeka ngati pepala, zopindika pang'ono, zofiirira zakuda, zolemera 300-400 g.

Kalonga

• Kucha koyambirira, kulolera kwambiri, kudzichepetsa kosiyanasiyana. Chipatsochi ndi chakuda-violet, 20-30 cm, mainchesi 5-8 masentimita, masentimita 150-200. zamkati ndizofatsa, popanda kuwawa.

Sancho panso

• Mid-nyengo (masiku 130-140) ma biringanya osankhidwa Manul amitundu yonse ya mitundu yobiriwira. Zomera ndizing'anga. Zipatso ndizokulungidwa ndi kukula kwa masentimita 12x14, zolemera 600-700 g za utoto wakuya.

Biringanya “Wokongola”

Kucha koyambirira

• Kuphukira koyambirira kwa mabulosi osiyanasiyana a "West Siberian Vegetable Experimental Station". Nthawi kuyambira mbande kupita paukadaulo masiku 112-139. Tchire ndiwotsika, yaying'ono, yofanana. Chipatsochi chimakhala ndi mawonekedwe a peyala, olemera 130 g, popanda kuwawa. Kuguza kwake ndi zoyera. Kuchita 4-6 kg / m 2

Solara

• Masamba achibacteri oyambilira pang'ono kwambiri. Chipatso chake ndi utoto wakuda wolemera mpaka 1 makilogalamu, kutalika 15-20 cm.

Solaris

• Kucha koyambirira (masiku 112-118) kalasi. Kupanga mu greenjouse zamafilimu ndi 5.5-8,5 kg / m. Chomera chamtundu wamkati. Zipatso ndizacylindrical komanso zazitali-zooneka ngati peyala, zofiirira zakuda mumtundu, gloss, kulemera 215 g, spikes ndizofooka.

Czech koyambirira

• Kwambiri ololera kalasi biringanya. Mbewuyi ndi yaying'ono, yapakatikati. Zipatso ndizopangidwa ndi dzira, utoto wakuda mumtundu, wonyezimira, wosalala. Guwa ndi loyipa, loyera mbuu, lopanda kuwawa. Kubereka 4-5 kg ​​/ m.

Nutcracker

• Mtengowo ndi wamtunda wa 150-180 masentimita, wopanda masamba, wamtundu wamasamba angapo, wopangidwa pafupipafupi komanso yofanana zipatso. Tsamba ndilalikulu, lobiriwira, prickly, lokhala ndi mawonekedwe osalala. Unyinji wa zipatso ndi 238-350 g chowulungika, 12-14 cm mulitali. Zokolola 12.8-19.7 kg / m. Ubwino wa haibridi: kupsa koyambirira, kuchulukitsa kwambiri komanso kugulitsa, kukoma kwambiri kwa zinthu.

Saladi Yophika Biringanya

• Chomera chokonda kutentha. Masamba ndi akulu, osakhazikika, oyenera kudya. Zipatso za mtundu woyera wolemera pafupifupi 150 g, musanagwiritse ntchito chakudya zimalimbikitsidwa kuti zilowerere m'madzi amchere.