Maluwa akukwera amakhala amodzi mwa malo otsogola pokongoletsa dimba, khalani bwino ndi mitundu yaying'ono yamangidwe, ndizofunikira kwambiri mukamapangira zipilala zokongoletsera, mapiramidi, zipilala, malo obiriwira, makoma obiriwira a nyumba, makonde, arbor.
© Jess Beemouse
Maluwa amakula m'malo omwe amakhala ofunda kwambiri, otentha, omwe safunikira kuphimbidwa nthawi yachisanu.. Mukatikati mwa Russia ndizovuta kuzigwiritsa ntchito pa milingo yayikulu, koma mu ziwembu zanu komanso minda yanu mutha kuzilima m'malo ambiri osakhalako cucozem, nkhalango zankhondo ndi steppe, koma onetsetsani kuti mwaziphimba nthawi yozizira. Maluwa akukwera, nawonso amathanso kutchulidwa. Olemba osiyanasiyana amagawa maluwa akukwera mosiyanasiyana ndipo pofotokoza mitundu imachokera m'njira zawo.
Pazochita zapadziko lonse lapansi, gulu lotsatirali limagwiritsidwa ntchito:
Gulu lokwera limaphatikizapo, choyambirira, kukwera kwenikweni kapena kotchedwa kukwera (Rambler), maluwa okhala ndi kutalika kwakutali kapena mphukira zazingwe (zotupa) zotalika 1.5 mpaka 5 m kapena kupitilira. Mphukira zawo ndi zobiriwira zowoneka bwino komanso zophimbidwa. Maluwa ndi ochepa (2-2,5 cm m'mimba mwake), terry, nusu-iwiri kapena yosavuta mitundu. Maluwa nthawi zambiri amakhala ofooka-kupuma ndipo amatengedwa mu inflorescence. Maluwa enieni amakula bwino kwambiri, makamaka pakangotha masiku 30-35 pachilimwe choyamba. Maluwa amapezeka kutalika konse kwa mphukira zosemedwako. Masamba ndi ochepa, achikopa komanso owala. Mitundu yambiri imakhala yozizira kwambiri, nthawi yozizira bwino, yopanda pogona. Gulu la maluwawa lidachokera ku mitundu yofanana ya maluwa a Vihurayna maluwa (R. Wichuroiana) ndi maluwa a multiflowered multiflora (R. multiflora), mbadwa ku East Asia. M'zaka za zana la 19, mitundu ya maluwa osakanizidwa amtunduwu adayambitsidwa mchikhalidwe ku Europe.
Mtsogolomo, adawoloka tiyi, tiyi wosakanizidwa, floribunda, remontannye. Chifukwa cha mitanda ndi kusankha, mitundu yamakono yakukwera yomwe ili ndi kukula kolimba ndi mphukira zazitali mpaka 2-4 m zidapezedwa. Awa ndi omwe amatchedwa maluwa okwera (Climber), amatchedwanso maluwa okwera. Maluwa ake ndi ochulukirapo ndipo maluwa ake ndi akulu kuposa maluwa okwera enieni (oposa 4 cm). Maluwa anasonkhanitsidwa m'maluwa ang'onoang'ono otayirira. Potengera duwa, mitundu ina ya gululi imafanana ndi maluwa a tiyi wosakanizidwa, mitundu yambiri imaphukira mobwerezabwereza. Amakhala otetemera nthawi yozizira komanso osagonjetsedwa ndi matenda a powdery mildew kapena amangokhudzidwa pang'ono. Ili ndiye mtundu wachiwiri pagulu lokwera.
Ndipo, chomaliza, mitundu yachitatu ndi mitundu yomwe ikukwera chifukwa cha kusintha kwa impso (Sport) yomwe idachokera ku tiyi wosakanizidwa, floribunda, grandiflora, i.e., kuchokera ku maluwa akuluakulu a chitsamba. Kuchokera kwa kholo la makolo amasiyana mu kukula kolimba kenako kulowa zipatso. Amadziwika kuti "klimimbings" ndipo kukwera kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana kumasonyezedwa pakuwonjezera mawu akuti Kupita ku dzina losiyanasiyana. Mumitundu iyi, ngakhale maluwa akuluakulu ndi ochokera 4 mpaka 11 cm, osakwatiwa kapena ochepa inflorescence. M'dziko lathu, "klimimbing" angagwiritsidwe ntchito pokongoletsa malo, makamaka kumadera akum'mwera kumene kumatentha kwambiri. Pakati panjira, amawonongeka kwambiri ndi coniotirium.
© Monica Arellano-Ongpin
Mawonekedwe
Malo: dzuwa ndi mpweya wabwino. Maluwa ndi mbewu zomwe zimakonda kuwala, choncho ndibwino kuwabzala pamakoma ndikuthandizira kuwonekera kumwera ndi kumwera chakumadzulo. Komabe, zokonda ziyenera kuperekedwa pakuwonetsedwa kumwera; Kuunikira kwabwino kumathandizira kuphukira, komwe kudzaphuke chaka chamawa.
Zoyenda: Mzere wokwanira masentimita 50-60 ndikwanira.Obzalidwe m'makoma omwe adakonzekereratu kuyeza 50 x 50. Ngati maenjewo ndi oma, ayenera kuthiriridwa ndikuwadzetsa manyowa tsiku lisanafike kubzala - osachepera theka la ndowa. Kuti chitsamba chikhale cholimba komanso chamera kwambiri, mutabzala, mbewuyo imayenera kudulidwa 15 mpaka 20 cm kuchokera pa dothi. Maluwa okwera omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kukongoletsa makhoma ndi zinthu zina amabzalidwa patali pafupifupi masentimita 45 kuchokera pamalo owonekera.
Chisamaliro: kuyambira chaka chachiwiri mutabzala, maluwa opindika ndiwokhutira ndi chisamaliro chochepa, chokhala ndi kuthirira kosowa koma kambiri, kuvala pamwamba komanso kudulira. Nthambi zodulidwazo amazidulira kuti zithandizire maluwa ena owonjezera. Maluwa amathiriridwa tsiku lililonse kwa masiku 8 mpaka 10. Dothi lozungulira chomera limayikiririka ndi utuchi, humus, udzu, udzu. Ndowe za ng'ombe, zomwe zimayambitsidwa nthawi yobzala, zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mbeu zaka ziwiri. Muzaka zotsatirazi, feteleza, makamaka okhala organic, amafunikira. Kuphatikiza manyowa, maluwa amatha kudyetsedwa ndi feteleza wama mineral ndi ovuta: TMAU (peat-mineral nitrogenous), kusakaniza kwamaluwa, ndi zina.
© Jess Beemouse
Kudulira
Maluwa a curly amafunikira kudulira. Cholinga chake chachikulu ndikupanga korona, kupeza maluwa ambiri komanso ataliatali, kusamalira mbewu pamalo abwino. Kuphatikiza apo, kudulira kumathandizira kukwaniritsa mphukira zosalekeza za chinthu chomwe bzalani. Mukadulira, chidwi chapadera chimaperekedwa kuti zikule ndi kukula kwa mphukira zamasamba, popeza maluwa akutuluka maluwa amapezeka pakukula kwa chaka chatha.
Ndi chisamaliro chabwino, maluwa nthawi ya chilimwe amakula mphukira zazitali, mpaka 2-3,5 m. Amasungidwa nthawi yozizira. Chapakatikati pa chaka chamawa, mphukira zachisanu zokha ndi kutentha ndi malekezero a mphukira pa mphukira yakunja yamphamvu zimadulidwa. Mphukira zomwe zidapulumuka nyengo yachisanu zimayamba kufalikira pansi kuti mphukira zamphamvu ziyambe kumera pansi pa chitsamba, ndikuonetsetsa kuti tchire layamba kutuluka chaka chamawa. Pambuyo pa mphukira wachinyamata wogwirizira mpaka kutalika kwa 50-70 masentimita, mphukira zakale zomwe maluwa akuyenera kuchitika chaka chino amamangidwa kuti azithandizira. M'tsogolomu, kudulira maluwa okwera maluwa kumachitika molingana ndi momwe maluwa maluwa, kamodzi kapena kawiri. Magulu awa a maluwa malinga ndi maluwa ndi mapangidwe apakati amasiyana kwambiri wina ndi mnzake.
Woyamba mawonekedwe maluwa kumapeto kwa chaka chatha. Samabukanso. M'malo mwa mphukira zomwe zinazimiririka, zomwe zimatchedwa zazikulu (basal), maluwa amenewa amapangira 3 mpaka 10 mphukira zobwezeretsanso (m'malo mwake), zomwe zimaphukira nyengo yotsatira. Potere, masamba oyambira pambuyo pang'onopang'ono amalidulira pansi, ngati rasipiberi. Chifukwa chake, tchire la maluwa amodzi lokhala ndi maluwa lokhalokha limayenera kukhala ndi masamba atatu okha azaka 3-5 ndi maluwa azaka ziwiri zokha.
Ngati maluwa okwera ali m'gulu la maluwa amakonzanso, ndiye kuti maluwa oyambira osiyana siyana (kuchokera pa 2 mpaka 5) mawonekedwe akuluwo patadutsa zaka zitatu, kutulutsa maluwa kotereku kumafooka pofika chaka chachisanu. Chifukwa chake, mphukira zazikulu zimadulidwa pambuyo pa chaka chachinayi mpaka m'munsi. Ngati m'munsi mwa mphukira izi mphukira zatsopano zambiri zowonjezereka zimapangidwa (zomwe zimachitika kawirikawiri pamene maluwa amayang'aniridwa bwino), ndiye kuti mphukira zazikulu zimadulidwa, monga gulu loyamba. M'matchi okhala ndi maluwa mobwerezabwereza, ndikokwanira kukhala ndi mphukira zapachaka 1 mpaka 3 komanso kuyambira 3 mpaka 7 mphukira zazikulu. Maluwa okonzanso akukonzedwa kuti adulidwe kumayambiriro kwamasika. Tanthauzo la kudulira ndikusiya nthambi zochepa kwambiri, zazitali kwambiri komanso zazitali kwambiri pach thengo. Ngati zotupa ndi zazitali kwambiri poyerekeza ndi chithandizo, ziyenera kudulidwa.
Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti kukwera kwamaluwa pachimake pa mphukira zosaneneka zomwe zimafunikira kuti zizikhala zazitali, nsonga zokha zokhala ndi masamba osakhwima ndizomwe ziyenera kuchotsedwa. Mukakakulidwa pamtunda waulimi wokwera bwino, maluwa okwanira amaoneka ngati mphukira zambirimbiri. Izi zimakulitsa tchire, kumachepetsa maluwa ndikupangitsa kuti pogona pakhale nyengo yozizira. Chifukwa chake, maluwa ambiri akukwera maluwa, ayenera kudulidwa ndipo kuchuluka kwa mphukira kuyenera kuyendetsedwa.
Mukamadulira mitundu yamagulu osiyanasiyana a maluwa, kumbukirani kuti maluwa amapangidwa pamalo osiyanasiyana a axial. Pamaziko awa, maluwa opindika amatha kugawidwa m'magulu atatu.
Zomera za gulu loyamba, thumba lililonse nthawi yachisanu litayamba kuwombera chaka chatha, kupatula okhawo 510 otsika, limasiyanitsa ndi duwa. Izi zimadziwika ndi mitundu yambiri kuchokera kumagulu a Vihurian ndi Multiflora. Chifukwa chake, mitundu ya maluwa ochokera m'maguluwa amatha kudulidwa kutengera kutalika kwa chinthu chomwe chidadzoza.
Zomera za gulu lachiwiri, maluwa amapangika kokha kumtunda ndi pakati pa mphukira, masamba oyambira amakhalabe obiriwira. Mwa mitundu ya gululi 'Paul Scarlet Climber', 'Glen Dale' ndi ena, mutha kuthira kudulira kwapamwamba kapena kwapakatikati.
Gulu lachitatu lilinso ndi mbewu zomwe masamba omwe amapezeka kumtunda kwa nkhongono amasintha kukhala maluwa, pomwe otsika ndi apakati amakhalabe obiriwira. Izi ndi mitundu yamaluwa ochokera ku Banks gulu malinga ndi L. Uleiskaya, ofunika kudulira kwambiri.
Pa chitsamba chokulirapo chokulirapo, zopweteka zambiri zakale zimachotsedwa pomwe zatsopano zimawonekera kuchokera pansi.. Kwa maluwa okwera theka kuchokera ku magulu a Cordes ndi a Lambert malinga ndi L. Uleiskaya, kufikira kutalika kwa 3 m, kudulira kotalika kapena kwapakati ndikulimbikitsidwa. Ndikudulira pafupipafupi, izi zimatha kukhala ngati chitsamba.
Kudulira kwakukulu kwa mitundu yayikulu-yotulutsa kumafuna chisamaliro chachikulu.. Kutalika kwa mikwingwirima yawo kumayenera kukhala koyerekeza kukula kwa chitsamba. Ngati chitsamba ndicholimba, monga, mwachitsanzo, mu mitundu yambiri ya 'Kliming Gloria Day', ndikofunikira kusiya zopweteka zazitali, pamtunda wamfupi ayenera kukhala amafupikitsa. Gulu la maluwa amenewa likadula nthambi posachedwa, ndiye m'malo mwa maluwa ophukika, ndiwo zamasamba okha zomwe zidzayamba kukula. Nthawi zambiri mitundu ya gululi sikhala pachimake. Kuti mukwaniritse maluwa awo, muyenera kufupikitsa nthambi ndikuzimangiriza kapena zolimba.
Kudulira koyenera ndikusankha mitundu yosiyanasiyana kumatha kukupangitsani maluwa pang'ono m'munda wanu pakulima.at. Kuphatikiza pa kudulira, gawo lofunikira limaseweredwa ndi makwerero akukulira maluwa, omwe amayenera kupereka nthambi, zowongoka kapena zowonekera kwa nthambi, zomwe zimalepheretsa kukula kwa mphukira zam'mera ndikuthandizira kukula kwa maluwa.
© Jess Beemouse
Zisanu
Maluwa amafunika pogona. Ndikofunika kukumbukira chinthu chimodzi: pakati pa maluwa ndi pogona (filimu, padenga, ndi zina) payenera kukhala malo oyatsira mpweya pamwamba. Maluwa safa kwambiri ndi chisanu monga kumanyowa ndikumawotha nthawi yayitali nthawi yachisanu kapena kumapeto kwa mvula, pomwe chophimba chimavunda ndipo sichilola kuti mpweya udutse. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti kukonzekera maluwa kwa dzinja kumayamba nthawi isanayambe chisanu. Kumapeto kwa Ogasiti, ndikofunikira kusiya kuthirira ndi kumasula nthaka. Pakadali pano, sizingatheke kudyetsa maluwa ndi nayitrogeni, koma ndikofunikira kuwonjezera mavalidwe apamwamba a potaziyamu kuti mulimbikitse minofu yowombera. Maluwa atentha nthawi yozizira ayenera kungoyambira kutentha pang'ono mpaka 5-16 ° C. Zisanu zazing'ono zomwe sizimangokhala zokha sizimavulaza maluwa, komanso zimathandizira kuti zipse bwino mphukira ndikuumitsa mbewu. Kukhazikika kusanachitike kumapangitsa kuti mbewuzo zimere ndi kusanza chifukwa chosowa mpweya. Pogona amachitika nyengo youma. Maluwa okwera amachotsedwa pachithandizo, kudula mphukira zowonongeka kapena zowongoka ndikutsukidwa masamba. Pambuyo pake, amapindika, kumangirira zingwe zopota ndi twine ndikuwakhomera pansi ndi ziboda zachitsulo kapena zamatabwa pansi. Ndikofunika kuyika masamba owuma kapena nthambi za spruce pansi pawo. Kuyambira pamwambapo, mphukira imakutidwa ndi chilichonse chophimba: masamba owuma, nthambi za spruce, mabokosi amtengo, etc.
Kuswana
Zofalitsidwa bwino ndi kudula kwa chilimwe ndi chisanu. Njira yosavuta ndikudula kobiriwira, maluwa ambiri omwe akukwera amapereka pafupifupi 100% kuzula. Zodulidwa zobiriwira zimayamba pakati pa Juni ndikutha kumapeto kwa Ogasiti. Zidula zimadulidwa ku maluwa kapena mphukira zamaluwa ndi 1-2 internodes. Mapeto apansi amapangidwa kukhala oblique (pamtunda wa 45 °) mwachindunji pansi pa impso, ndipo malekezero akumwamba amawongoka pomwepo. Masamba apansi amachotsedwa kwathunthu, ndipo ena onse amawadula pakati. Zodulidwa zimabzalidwa gawo lapansi (mumsakanizo wapadziko lapansi ndi mchenga kapena mchenga woyera) mumphika kapena bokosi lakuya masentimita 0.5-1. Zidutswa zimakutidwa kuchokera kumtunda ndi kapu yagalasi kapena filimu ndikusenda kuchokera ku dzuwa. Kutsirira kumachitika osachotsa filimuyo. Maluwa okwera nthawi zambiri amakhala muzu popanda kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zokulira. Ngati zili zodziwika kuti mitundu yakeyo sinakhazikike bwino, ndiye kuti zodulidwazo zisanabzalidwe zimathandizidwa ndi yankho lamadzi a heteroauxin (40-45 mg, kapena mapiritsi 0,5, pa 1 lita imodzi yamadzi) kwa maola 12-15, kumiza malangizo a mphukira mu yankho la 3 cm. kuchitira ndi yankho la mowa (50 ml ya 96% ethanol, 50 ml ya madzi ndi 400 g wa heteroauxin) masekondi 5 musanabzalidwe.
Ndi mitundu yochepa yokha kuchokera pagulu la maluwa akulu-akulu oyalidwa ndi budding. Imachitika mu Ogasiti - koyambirira kwa Seputembala ndi diso logona muzu wa khosi la mwana wa zaka ziwiri kapena ziwiri.
© Jess Beemouse
Zosiyanasiyana
Gulu la Multiflora
White White Maluwa ndi oyera, masentimita 12 mulifupi, terry (45 - 50 petals) ndi fungo labwino. Mu inflorescence mpaka maluwa asanu ndi anayi. Chitsamba mpaka 3 m kutalika, ndi masamba obiriwira obiriwira. Ndizoyenera kuyikira zinthu zotsika zamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Kukana tizirombo ndi matenda.
Gulu la Vihurian
Aelita. Maluwa ndi oyera ndi utoto wonyezimira, wopindika, 6.5 masentimita awiri, pawiri (pamiyala 48), onunkhira. Tsamba mpaka 3 m kutalika, ndi masamba ang'onoang'ono onyezimira. Kubwereza maluwa. Yoyenera kumata mipanda yolimba, malo otsika, pakubzala ndi kudula kwamagulu. Kukana tizirombo ndi matenda.
Belianka. Maluwa ndi oyera, okongola pang'ono ndi malo apinki, 7 - 8 cm mulitali, pawiri (35 - 50 petals), onunkhira. Tsitsi mpaka 3 m kutalika, ndi masamba obiriwira obiriwira. Imabwereza maluwa ndipo imamasula kwambiri. Yoyenera kuyika makoma, mipanda, altanok, komanso kudula.
Maloto A Girlish. Maluwa amakhala a lalanje-pinki kupita kwa coral, 6 masentimita awiri, pawiri (25 petals), m'mphepete mwa petals amadzaza ndi kudula, mu inflorescence mpaka maluwa 30. Tchire limakula mpaka 3 m, masamba ndi obiriwira. Yoyenera kutchera pansi zinthu zochepa, zothandiza ma bulu.
Nyali Yofiira. Maluwa ndi ofiira amoto ndi tint wa lalanje, wooneka ngati siketi, mainchesi 8.3 masentimita, theka-pawiri (masamba 21), mpaka maluwa 13 mu inflorescence. Pushani mpaka 3.5 m wamtali, wokhala ndi masamba obiriwira obiriwira. Yoyenerera kuyala maunda, ma doko, masimba amodzi ndi gulu komanso ma boles. Kukana tizirombo ndi matenda.
Nyenyezi Mishor. Maluwa ndi ofiira ofiira, 8 masentimita awiri, theka-kawiri (19 petals), amodzi kapena mu inflorescence (mpaka 12 maluwa). Tchire limakula mpaka 3 m, masamba ndi obiriwira. Kubwereza maluwa. Yoyenera kumata mipanda yam'madzi, pergolas, zipilala, asitima.
Orange Sun. Maluwa ndi a lalanje otuwa, okongola mawonekedwe, masentimita 12, mulifupi mwake (95 petals), wokhala ndi fungo labwino. Tsitsi mpaka 3 m kutalika, ndi masamba obiriwira obiriwira. Yoyenera kutalika kwa mipanda, makhoma, mipanda yoluka ndi kudula. Kukana tizirombo ndi matenda.
Nkhani Zapinki. Maluwa ndi ofiira pinki, 7 - 8 masentimita awiri, theka -awiri (15-16 petals), wokhala ndi fungo labwino. Phukira mpaka 3 m kukwera, ndi mphukira zapamwamba. Masamba ali obiriwira owala, owala pang'ono. Kubwereza maluwa. Yoyenerera mapiramidi okhala ndi malo, ma trellise, zipilala, pergolas, mizati, komanso ma boles.
Gulu la nyenyezi la Gagarin. Maluwa ndi ofiira owala lalanje, 7 masentimita awiri, pawiri (30 petals), mpaka 13 maluwa mu inflorescence. Chitsamba mpaka 3 m kutalika, ndi masamba obiriwira obiriwira.Ndizoyenera kukhala ndi malo am'midzi, zipilala, makhoma, makwekwe komanso malo amodzi.
Zosankha zakunja
Gulu la Vihurian
Alberic Barbier. Maluwa ndi oyera ndi kirimu pakati pa 6.2 masentimita, awiri pawiri (mpaka 145 petals), amodzi kapena inflorescence (mpaka maluwa asanu ndi amodzi), wokhala ndi fungo labwino. Chitsamba chofika mpaka 8 m, kutalika kwake ndi masamba obiriwira komanso masamba obiriwira obiriwira. Maluwa ndi ochulukirapo komanso aatali. Nthawi zambiri, maluwa amabwerezedwa m'dzinja. Zoyenera mitundu yonse yazimaima pang'ono. Kukana tizirombo ndi matenda.
Albertin. Maluwa ndi salmon-pinki, 8 masentimita awiri, pawiri (33 petals), msuzi-ngati, wosakwatiwa kapena inflorescence (mpaka maluwa asanu ndi awiri), wokhala ndi fungo lamphamvu. Tchire ndi lokwera mpaka mamita 6. Masamba ndiwobiliwira. Yoyenera kumata mipanda yamtunda, ma arbor, ma pergolas, oyenda pansi, oyenda ma boles. Kukana tizirombo ndi matenda.
Glen Dale. Maluwa ndi oyera, mumtondo ndi mandimu achikasu, goblet, 10 cm, terry (28 petals), onunkhira. Tchire likukwera, mpaka kutalika kwa 3.5 m. Masamba ali ndi udzu wobiriwira, wandiweyani, wowala. Maluwa ndi aatali, odziletsa. Yoyenera kukhoma makoma, zomangira, mitengo ikuluikulu, mpanda, pergolas. Kukana tizirombo ndi matenda.
Zodias. Maluwa ndi carmine-pinki, 3 cm mulifupi, pawiri (90 petals), chikho, mpaka 22 maluwa inflorescence. Tchire lopotana, lalitali mamita 4. Masamba ndiwobiliwira. Maluwa ndi ochulukirapo, amabwereza zaka zina. Oyenera malo otsetsereka, ma pergolas, makonde, hedges, garlands, komanso ma boles akulira. Kukana tizirombo ndi matenda.
Coronation. Maluwa ndi ofiira owala carmine, masentimita 4.2 m'milimita, awiri (32 petals), kapu, mpaka 17 maluwa mu inflorescence. Tchire ndi lokwera mpaka 8 m. Masamba ndiwobiliwira. Maluwa ndi ochulukirapo. Zoyenera mitundu yonse yazimaima pang'ono.
Kutuluka kwatsopano. Maluwa ndi ofiira pinki ndi sinton tint, 7.2 masentimita awiri, nusu-iwiri (pamakhala 23), ndi fungo losangalatsa la apulo, limodzi kapena inflorescence (mpaka 20 maluwa). Chitsamba chikukwera, 3.4 m kutalika, ndi masamba obiriwira obiriwira. Maluwa ndi ochulukirapo komanso obwereza. Ndizoyenera kukhazikitsa makoma, mipanda, malo owotchera miyala, malo okhala, malo okhala, malo otsetsereka komanso malo amodzi. Mu zaka zina, amakhudzidwa ndi powdery mildew.
Tizilombo ndi matenda
Nthawi zambiri amapezeka pa maluwa oluka:
Powdery mildew imayamba chifukwa cha bowa Sphaerotheca pannosa Lev. Masamba oyera amawoneka pamasamba, omwe amakula pang'onopang'ono. Powdery mildew imakula mwachangu komanso nyengo yanyontho, nthawi zambiri kumapeto kwa Julayi - koyambirira kwa Ogasiti. Kukula kwa mbewu kumayimilira, maluwa amayima, ndipo kufa kwa chomera kumatha kuchitika. Monga njira yolepheretsa, kuphatikizira kupukuta kwa 2-ndi Bordeaux kwamadzi ndikulimbikitsidwa: kugona pakachotsera pogona ndi pa mphukira zomwe zikubwerera 20 cm.
Coniotirium (Coniothirium wersdorffiae Laub) - khansa ya kotekisi, kapena "kuwotcha" maluwa. Zizindikiro za matendawa zimapezeka mukachotsa pogona mu April. Poyamba, mawanga ofiira amapangidwa pa khungwa la mphukira, lomwe, limakula, pang'ono ndi pang'ono limakhala lakuda ndipo limatha kuphimba mphukira yonse ndi mphete. The causative wothandizila matendawa ali mkati minofu. Mphukira zowongoka ziyenera kudulidwa nthawi yomweyo ndikulanda gawo labwino la mpirawo ndikuwotchedwa. The bowa kwambiri amakula mumdima pansi pa chisanu pogona maluwa chifukwa cha dzinja, makamaka pa chinyezi chambiri. Njira zodzitetezera zimaphatikizanso kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa nayitrogeni pakugwa, kudyetsa feteleza wa potashi kulimbitsa minofu, kupuma panthawi yake komanso mpweya wabwino nthawi yozizira, kuchotsa panthawi yopuma kumapeto kwa kasupe, kudulira ndi kuwononga kwa mphukira zomwe zakhudzidwa.
Gwiritsani ntchito
Maluwa okwera amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu zipilala zopimidwa, zipilala, ma piramidi, gararo, mzati, pergolas, mipanda, altankas; yokongoletsa makoma a nyumba, khonde. Makamaka zokongoletsera zopangidwa kuchokera kumagulu amitundu yamitundu yokhala ndi maluwa opindika, komanso maluwa a curly pama boles apamwamba ...
Lingaliro logwiritsa ntchito zitsamba ndi mitengo ngati chothandizira kukwera maluwa si chinthu chopangidwa ndi anthu, koma njira ya moyo ya mbewuzi kuthengo. Pamtengo wawukulu, maluwa opindika amawoneka mu ukulu wawo wonse. Sikuti mitengo ndi zitsamba zonse ndizoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati thandizo pakukwerera maluwa. Popeza duwa limakula mwachangu, chomera chothandizira chimayenera kukhala chachikulu mokwanira komanso chachitali. Osagwiritsa ntchito mbewu zomwe zimakulitsa kwambiri ndipo zili pafupi ndi nthaka ya mizu, yomwe imachita mpikisano wamphamvu ndi mizu ya maluwa. Titha kutsimikizira: tsache, cirrus, Hornbeam, phulusa lamapiri, mtengo wa apulo, peyala, paini wamapiri, yew, larch.
