Kodi chofunikira ndi thanzi la gladioli ndi chiyani?

Gladioli amakhala ndi nthawi yayitali yomakulira, pomwe amadya kuchokera ku malo mothandizidwa ndi mizu komanso pang'ono kudzera masamba masamba azinthu zosiyanasiyana zachilengedwe zophatikizidwa ndi feteleza. Pochulukirapo, iwo, monga mbewu zina zonse, amafunikira nayitrogeni (N), phosphorous (P), potaziyamu (K), ang'onoang'ono amafunika calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), sulufule (S) ndi zinthu zina. Zakudya zamafuta zomwe zimadyedwa pamiyeso yambiri zimatchedwa basic, kapena macronutrients, omwe amadya zazing'ono - kufufuza zinthu. Omalizawa akuphatikizaponso boron (B), manganese (Mn), mkuwa (Cu), zinc (Zn) molybdenum (Mo) ndi ena.

Zaka 65 zokha zapitazo, zimakhulupirira kuti pafupifupi michere khumi yomwe imapanga zochuluka za chomera, monga kaboni, oksijeni, haidrojeni, nayitrogeni, phosphorous, potaziyamu, calcium, magnesium, chitsulo ndi sulufule, ndizokwanira kukula kwazomera. Posachedwa, zinaonekeratu kuti mndandanda wazakudya zomwe zimafunidwa ndi mbeu ndizokulirapo.

Gladiolus, kalasi 'Green Star'.

Monga lamulo, zophatikiza calcium, sulfure, chitsulo ndi magnesium m'nthaka zili ndi zokwanira pachikhalidwe cha gladioli. Kwenikweni, izi zokongoletsera zimafunikira nayitrogeni, phosphorous ndi potaziyamu, nthawi zina calcium ndi magnesium. Pakakulitsa gladioli m'minda yanyumba, wopukutayo amatha kudzipatula kuti agwiritse ntchito feteleza yokhala ndi michere itatu yayikulu - nayitrogeni, phosphorous ndi potaziyamu. Komabe, ngati mukufuna kukhala ndi ma inflorescence otchuka pankhani ya kukongola ndi mphamvu, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wokhala ndi michere yambiri.

Mulimonsemo, simungathe kupereka chakudya kwa mbewu popanda kuganizira zopezeka m'dothi. Chifukwa chake, aliyense wobzala kamodzi pachaka, pazowopsa - kamodzi zaka zitatu, ayenera kutenga dothi kuchokera pamalo ake kuti awunikire. Popeza adalandira monga chotsatira pazakudya zazikuluzikulu zomwe zili m'nthaka patsamba lake, wofesayo akupanga dongosolo la zakudya za gladiolus pamlandu wake, ndipo izi zimafunikira chidziwitso cha kapangidwe kazakudya ndi mbewu.

Gladioli.

Muli zakudya za gladioli

Gladioli yovuta kwambiri kwa nayitrogeni ndi potaziyamu. Phosphorous amafunikira zochepa. Chifukwa chake, muyezo wa michere yoyambira (N: P: K) pakukula kwawo kwabwino iyenera kukhala 1: 0,6: 1.8. Chiwerengerochi chikutanthauza kumwa kwathunthu. Pamagawo osiyanasiyana a chitukuko, kuvomerezedwa ndi mbewu za michere payokha zimasintha. Mwachitsanzo, kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yokulira, nayitrogeni ya gladioli imafunikira nthawi imodzi ndi theka kuposa potaziyamu, komanso kasanu mpaka kasanu kuposa phosphorous.

Nayitrogeni imadyedwa bwino ndi zomera za gladiolus pamaso pa phosphorous ndi potaziyamu. Choyamwa chachikulu kwambiri chopangidwa ndi mbeu za chinthuchi chimawonedwa pakupanga masamba amodzi mpaka anayi mu gladioli. Kuchulukitsa kwa nayitrogeni kumayambitsa kuchepa kwa maluwa ndi kuwonongeka mu maluwa apamwamba, kupindika kwa peduncle ndi kuchepa kwa mbewuyo pokana matenda. Nthawi yomweyo, kukula kwa tsinde ndi masamba kumatchulidwa, pomwe pamanenedwa kuti mbewuyo "ikula".

Ndikusowa kwa nayitrogeni, kukula kwa gladioli kumachedwetsedwa, maluwa amafooka. Zotsirizirazi zikufotokozedwa, makamaka, kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa maluwa mu inflorescence. Kuphatikiza apo, mtundu wa masamba ndiwobiliwira.

Muzochitika izi pomwe gawo loyambirira la chomera litangopangidwira feteleza wa nayitrogeni, umuna sutha kwa nthawi yayitali. Izi zimatha kubweretsa kusasinthasintha kwa gladioli corms. Kuti zochulukitsa pambuyo pa maluwa sizipitilira, koma pang'onopang'ono zimazimiririka, panthawi yotero ndikwabwino kupatsa feteleza ndi feteleza wa nayitrogeni pamodzi ndi phosphorous ndi potashi. Pokhala ndi michere yambiri ya nayitrogeni, kukula kwake kwa ma gladioli corms kumatha kupitilira zomwe zimakhalapo, koma ndi koipa kwambiri malinga ndi kapangidwe kake, kukula msanga, mbewu zimamera mosalimba kuchokera kwa iwo.

Ngati ma corms akuluakulu a gladioli mwakula (zaka ziwiri kapena kupitirira), ndiye kuti nthawi yoyambirira sikutheka kudyetsa feteleza wa phosphoric - kubzala zakuthupi ndi nthaka zimapereka zonse zofunikira za mbewu. Gladioli ndi yofunika kwambiri pazakudya za potaziyamu, kotero mbewu za akulu corms zimadyetsedwa ndi nayitrogeni ndi potaziyamu nthawi yoyambira. Kwa mwana yemwe alibe zinthu zopangira michere, ndibwino kuti mupereke feteleza wathunthu, ndiye kuti ali ndi nayitrogeni, phosphorous ndi potaziyamu.

Potaziyamu iyenera kuphatikizidwanso muzakudya za gladioli panthawi yonse yomwe ikukula, chifukwa zimaphatikizidwa muzinthu zomwe zimapereka kayendedwe ka timadziti tamadzimira. Izi zimapangitsa chomera kuti chilimbe kwambiri nyengo ndi matenda. Ngati potaziyamu sikokwanira, ndiye kuti masamba akale a gladioli amapatsa achichepere, ndipo iwonso amawuma ndi kufa. Choyamba, m'mphepete mwa masamba muziuma. The peduncle nthawi yomweyo amakula ofooka, amafupikitsidwa.

Ngati munthawi yopanga masamba atatu kapena anayi, pamene peduncle ya gladioli imapangika, musapatse kuchuluka kokwanira kwa potaziyamu kuvala pamwamba, kuchuluka kwa masamba mu peduncle kumachepetsedwa. Komabe, kumwa kwambiri kwa potaziyamu, komanso nayitrogeni ndi phosphorous, mu gladioli kumawonedwa pa nthawi ya budding. Kuphatikiza apo, ngati phosphorous akuwonjezeka pang'ono, ndiye kuti kuwonjezeka kwa potaziyamu ndi nayitrogeni kumachitika kwambiri komanso kusakomoka kwambiri.

Kuperewera kwa potaziyamu pambuyo pa maluwa a gladioli kumakhudza mtundu wa ma corms, omwe amasungidwa bwino ndikupatsa mbewu zomwe sizikukula bwino chaka chamawa.

Kufunika kwa phosphorous pafupifupi sikusintha pakumakula, kumangokulira pang'ono pakubala komanso maluwa. Kuperewera kwa phosphorous kumalepheretsa kukula ndi maluwa. Pambuyo pa maluwa, kuphatikiza pamodzi kwa zomera za gladioli ndi phosphorous ndi feteleza wa potaziyamu kumathandizira kutulutsa bwino kwa michere kuchokera mumasamba kupita pachomera chatsopano.

Ndikothekanso kupatsa gladiolus ndi michere mu kuchuluka kofunikira pokhapokha ndikuwonjezera dothi lophatikiza ndi michere ya mchere ndi michere.

Pazosakaniza zama feteleza am'migawo ogulidwa m'masitolo apadera, onetsani kuchuluka kwa michere yomwe imaphatikizidwa ndi magawo ambiri, nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito: nitrogen - N, phosphorous oxide - P₂0₅potaziyamuideide - K₂0.

Gladiolus.

Kodi feteleza wa michere angagwiritsidwe ntchito bwanji pa gladiolus

Paulimi, feteleza osiyanasiyana amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Tizingoganizira zokhazo zomwe wokolola dimba angazigule m'sitolo (tebulo 1).

Gome 1: Mitundu ya feteleza wopatsa mchere wokhala ndi michere imodzi (yosonyezedwa ndi zosakaniza)

Kuphatikiza pa feteleza wamamineral omwe ali ndi michere imodzi, pali feteleza wovuta komanso wathunthu, yemwe amaphatikiza michere iwiri kapena itatu. Kwa gladioli, feteleza otsatirawa nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito: zovuta - potaziyamu nitrate (N - 13%, K₂0 - 46%), kalimagnesia (K₂0 - 28-30%, Mg - 8-10%); wathunthu - nitrophosphate (N - 11%, P₂0₅ - 10%, K₂0 - 11%), nitroammofosku (N - 13-17%, P₂0₅ - 17-19%, K₂0 - 17-19%).

Palinso mitundu ina ya feteleza yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pakukula gladioli pambuyo poyeserera koyambirira. Malondawo amapanganso feteleza wamagetsi ovomerezeka omwe angaperekedwe ngati mavalidwe apamwamba.

Feteleza wofunika kwambiri pa micronutrient wa chikhalidwe cha gladiolus akuphatikiza ammonium molybdate, mkuwa wa sulfate (vitriol), zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate, cobalt nitrate, boric acid, ndipo nthawi zina amagwiritsa ntchito feteleza wa potaziyamu, koma amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala opha tizilombo.

Ma Microfertilizer amayenera kugwiridwa mosamala kwambiri, chifukwa mankhwala owonjezera amatha kupangitsa kuti mbewu zizifa. Lamulo lalikulu mukawapanga si kuti akonzekere kuvala zothetsera zavuto lililonse lomwe limakhala ndi 2 ga 10 yamadzi.

Gladiolus.

Kodi feteleza wachilengedwe ndi uti?

Mwa feteleza wachilengedwe, peat, manyowa, manyowa owola ndi zitosi za nkhuku ndiwofikira kwambiri kwa olima matako. Manyowa atsopano a gladioli sangathe kugwiritsidwa ntchito, chifukwa amakhala ngati gwero la matenda oyamba ndi matenda oyamba ndi mabakiteriya. Feteleza zachilengedwe zimakhala ndi michere yonse yoyambira (matebulo 2 ndi 3).

Gome 2: Zomwe zimapezeka muzakudya zomanga thupi (mu zinthu zowuma) mu feteleza wachilengedwe

Gome 3: Zambiri za michere yoyambirira (mu zinthu zouma) m'matumbo

Gladiolus.

Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito feteleza?

Zomera za gladioli zimapereka nthawi zosiyanasiyana m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Pali njira zina zofunikira popangira feteleza, kubzala ndi kubzala feteleza Yotsirizirayi imagawika kukhala chovala pamizu komanso chosakhala muzu.

Mukakumba dothi mu kugwa, feteleza wa organic, phosphorous ndi potashi umayikidwa. Mlingo wa feteleza umatengera dothi komanso momwe mungakulire gladioli. Mwachitsanzo, mu yophukira ndowa imodzi kapena ziwiri za feteleza wachilengedwe ndi 30-40 g ya superphosphate ndi potaziyamu sodium zingaperekedwe pa mita imodzi. Chapakatikati pasanathe milungu iwiri asanabzale, 20-30 g wa urea amawonjezeredwa pa mita imodzi. Kubzala feteleza kumapeto kwa kasupe ndi kugwa kumamizidwa pansi panthaka; ikamatera - munthawi yomweyo ndikubzala, imathiridwa mumabowo ndi poyambira masentimita atatu pansi pa mulingo wa ma corms.

Zovala zazomera zosazika mizu komanso zosakhala muzu zimafunikira kuti mulimbikitse chakudya chomera ndi zinthu zina nthawi zina. Mlingo wodyetsa umakhazikitsidwa potsatira mawonekedwe a tsamba, kusanthula kwa nthaka, mawonekedwe a gladioli. Nthawi yomweyo, zinthu monga dothi kapangidwe kake, acidity wake, kupezeka kwa michere yofunikira pazomera, kukula kwa dzuwa ndi malo omwe akukonzera chiwembu, komanso kutalika kwa madzi apansi pansi kumawerengedwa. Kubzala ndi kubzala feteleza amaonedwa kuti ndi othandiza. Muzu wapamwamba kwambiri wavalidwe la gladioli umagwirizana bwino ndi gawo lina la mbewu. Mavalidwe apamwamba amadzimadzi ndi abwino, popeza michere imalowa m'dera la mizu.

Kuchuluka kwa feteleza wogwiritsidwa ntchito nyengo iliyonse kuvala pamwamba kumawerengeredwa osati kutengera nthaka, komanso kutengera kubzala kwa gladiolus, Mlingo wa kubzala usanadze komanso feteleza. Feteleza nthawi zambiri amasungunuka mu malita 10 amadzi ndikuwadyedwa pa 1 mita.

Zimakhala zovuta kuwerengera molondola, popeza kuzama kwa mizu ya gladioli (0,2-0,5 m), kapangidwe kazinthu zomanga kamasinthasintha chifukwa cha mvula kapena, m'malo mwake, kuyanika, komanso kumangiriza kwa nthaka. Chifukwa chake, pokonza njira yake yodyetsera, wowonetsa zamasamba amagwiritsa ntchito zomwe amadziwika m'mabukuwa, akusintha malinga ndi zomwe wapenya ndi zomwe akhala akuchita kwa zaka zingapo. Monga poyambira koyambirira kumeneku, titha kutenga njira yodyetsedwera yopangidwa ndi V. N. Bylov ndi N. I. Raikov (tebulo 4).

Gome 4: Mlingo wa feteleza wodyetsa gladioli pakukula, magalamu a michere pa 1 m²

Alimi odziwa maluwa, Mlingo wa umuna womwe umasonyezedwa patebulopo umadukiza ndipo feteleza nthawi zambiri umagwiritsidwa ntchito mulingo wocheperako. Izi zimafuna nthawi yochulukirapo, koma zimakupatsani mwayi wokhala ndi michere yambiri m'nthaka. Chifukwa chake, kwa miyezi itatu yachilimwe amapereka zovala zapamwamba khumi.

Nthawi yakula, kuvala pamwamba sikothandiza osati kokha ndi ma macro ambiri, komanso ma microelements. Zofufuza zimathandizira kuti pakhale zomera zamphamvu kwambiri zomwe zimakhala ndi maluwa akuluakulu. Ndizofunikira kwambiri kudyetsa pamtunda wa masamba atatu kapena anayi, pomwe phesi la gladiolus limapangika. Malinga ndi umboni wa A. N. Gromov, 2 g ya boric acid ndi potaziyamu permanganate, 0,5 g wa cobalt nitrate, 1 g zamkuwa sulphate, 1 g ya zinc sulfate ndi 5 g ya magnesium sulfate amatengedwa pa 10 l madzi. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti kuchuluka kosawerengeka kwa zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa zinthu kumayambitsa zolengedwa kapena ngakhale kufa kwawo.

Chifukwa chake, mukamakula gladioli, muyenera kuwerengera masamba, kuphatikiza kudya ena angapo. Ndikosavuta kugwira ntchito iyi ngati ma corm akuluakulu abzalidwa mosiyana ndi ang'onoang'ono, komanso ang'onoang'ono mosiyana ndi khanda. Alimi odziwa maluwa, omwe asonkhanitsa gulu lalikulu la gladioli, amagawananso m'minda yoyambirira komanso mochedwa. Zonsezi zimapangitsa kuti mavalidwe apamwamba azikhala othandiza kwambiri, popeza zakudya za mwana ndi zazing'ono zimasiyana ndi zomwe munthu wamkulu amakumana nazo - chodzala chaching'ono chimafunikira theka mpaka kawiri kwambiri.

Mavalidwe apamwamba a Foliar amaperekanso macro - ndi micronutrients. Amakulolani kuti mulowerere mwachangu kwambiri pakupanga mbewu. Chifukwa chake, chifukwa cha kusayenda bwino kwa masamba a gladioli ndi mtundu wawo wobiriwira wobiriwira amapatsa chakudya cha urea. Pa maluwa, foliar feteleza ndi phosphorous ndi feteleza wa potaziyamu imagwira ntchito bwino, kupatula kuthekera kwa yankho kulowa maluwa.

Kudyetsa micronutrient kwa gladioli kumathandiza kwambiri. Zotsatira zabwino zimaperekedwa ndi A. N. Gromov adavomereza kuvala kwamtundu wa micronutrient mu gawo lachitukuko cha masamba awiri kapena atatu, makamaka ngati nyengo ili yotentha. Kuti muchepetse maluwa pakukhazikitsidwa kwa tsamba lachisanu ndi chimodzi, akuwapatsa mavalidwe apamwamba pamwamba: 2 g wa boric acid ndi 1.5-2 g wa potaziyamu permanganate, osungunuka mu 10 l lamadzi. Alimi a maluwa a Baltic amakhulupirira kuti kuwirikiza kawiri kapena katatu kuphatikiza ndi mayankho a micelement panthawi yakula sikuti kumangokulitsa kuchuluka kwa maluwa mu gladioli, komanso zimathandizira pakupanga ma corm akuluakulu. A. Zorgevitz akuwonetsa kuti kupopera mbewu mbewu za gladiolus ndi yankho lake kuli zinthu zotsatirazi, mu magalamu 10 a madzi:

• Boric acid - 1,3
• Copper sulfate - 1.6
• Manganese Sulfate - 1
• Zinc Sulfate - 0,3
• Cobalt Nitrate - 0,1
• Ammonium Molybdate - 1
• Potaziyamu permanganate - 1.5

Gladiolus.

Mafunso - Mayankho

Funso 1. Momwe mungawerengere kuchuluka kwa feteleza ofunikira kudyetsa gladioli ngati mukudziwa kuchuluka kwa batire?

Yankho. Tiyerekeze kuti mukufuna kudyetsa mbewu ndi nayitrogeni, phosphorous kapena potaziyamu pamlingo wa 30 g wa chinthu chilichonse pa mita imodzi. Wowonetsa maluwa ali ndi feteleza zotsatirazi pafamupo: nayitrogeni - phosphorous urea - potaziyamu superphosphate - potaziyamu sulfate. Malinga ndi tebulo 1 timapeza zomwe zimapezeka mu izi feteleza wa chinthu chamafuta. Pakuwerengera, timatenga nambala yoyamba, chifukwa ndibwino kuti tisadye kwambiri kuposa chakudya. Chifukwa chake, timaganiza kuti 100 g ya feteleza aliyense ali ndi 46 g ya nayitrogeni, 20 g wa phosphorous ndi 52 g ya potaziyamu. Ndiye kuchuluka kwa feteleza kudyetsa mu gawo lililonse la 30 g yogwira ntchito kungatsimikizidwe ndi kakhazikitsidwe:

• urea 100 g x 30 g: 46 g - 65 g;
• superphosphate 100 g x 30 g: 20 g - 150 g;
• potaziyamu sulfate 100 g x 30 g: 52 g - 58 g.

Ndikosavuta kuyesa feteleza nthawi iliyonse. Bola kugwiritsa ntchito muyeso. Mwachitsanzo, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito supuni, makamaka popeza simuyenera kukhudza feteleza ndi manja anu. (Zachidziwikire, supuni yophika chotere pakuphika singagwiritsenso ntchito.) Supuni imodzi yokhala ndi 25-30 g ya granular.Pachitsanzo chathu, poganizira za malire apamwamba, supuni 1 ya urea, supuni zisanu za superphosphate ndi supuni ziwiri za potaziyamu sodium ziyenera kudyedwa ndi 1 mita pakudya.

Funso 2. Kodi ndizotheka kudyetsa gladioli ndi mullein?

Yankho. Mullein amatha kudyetsa mbewu za gladiolus, popeza zimakhala ndi michere yonse yofunika. Komabe, sagwiritsidwira ntchito mozungulira, koma kulowetsedwa m'chigawo chimodzi cha mullein mpaka magawo 10-15 a madzi. Poyambira wamaluwa, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wa mchere yekha poyamba. Zomera zachilengedwe zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha mutatha kubzala, kukumbukira kuti mullein, makamaka mwatsopano, imatipatsa vuto la matenda ambiri azomera.Ngati kudyetsa, ndowe ndimakonzedwa nthawi zambiri. Pachifukwa ichi, thumba la nsalu yonyansa yokhala ndi manyowa imayimitsidwa mu mbiya yamadzi pamtunda wa gawo limodzi la manyowa magawo anayi mpaka asanu a madzi. Kuumirira masiku asanu mpaka asanu ndi awiri. Chovala chotsirizidwa chimasungunulidwa katatu mpaka kanayi ndikudyetsedwa, ndikugwiritsa ntchito mpaka 10 malita a yankho pa 1 mita.

Funso 3. Kodi phosphorous ndi potaziyamu zochuluka bwanji zomwe zimapezeka mu potaziyamu phosphate?

Yankho. Potaziyamu phosphate, kapena potaziyamu phosphate, si feteleza, koma olima dimba ambiri amagula zinthuzi m'sitolo yamafuta ndikugwiritsa ntchito pamalo awo. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito mono- komanso disubstituted potaziyamu phosphate. Kuti mudziwe kuchuluka kwa phosphorous ndi potaziyamu mwa iwo, ndikofunikira kudziwa mawonekedwe amomwe amapangira zinthu komanso kulemera kwa ma atomiki pazinthu zake. Fomula yamafuta ya monosubstituted potaziyamu phosphate ndi KH2P04. Masamba a atomiki a zigawo zake: K -39, H-1, P -31, O-16. Chifukwa chake, kuchuluka kwa monosubstituted potaziyamu phosphate m'magawo a atomiki (tsopano molekyulu) adzakhala:

• 39 + 1×2 + 31 + 16×4 = 136.

Ngati tatenga kuchuluka kwa zinthuzo m'magalamu, tofanana ndi kulemera kwamolekyulu, titha kuwerengetsa kuchuluka kwa potaziyamu (X),%:

• 136g KN2R04 - 100%
• 39 g K - X%
• X = 39 x 100: 136 = 29%.

Malinga ndi zomwe phosphorous idzakhala,%:

• 31 x 100: 136 = 23%.

Fomula wa phosphate wophatikizika wa potaziyamu ndi K2HP04.

Kuchuluka kwa kulemera kwake

• 39 x 2 + 1 + 31 + 16 x 4 = 174.

Tiwerengera potaziyamu pa kuchuluka kwa phosphate wosakanikirana ndi kulemera kwa magalamu, muyezo wofanana ndi kulemera kwake kwa maselo, ndiye magalamu 174:

• (39 x 2) x 100%: 174 = 45%.

Momwemonso, timawerengera zomwe zili mu phosphorous:

• 31 x 100%: 174 = 18%.

Pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala omwe ali pamwambawa pa feteleza, muyenera kukumbukira kuti monosubstituted potaziyamu phosphate ali ndi acidic reaction, ndikutsutsa alkaline.

Zida zogwiritsidwa ntchito:

• V. A. Lobaznov - Gladiolus