Kubzala ndi kusamalira Actinidia m'matawuni Kukula kuchokera kwa Mbeu Zosiyanasiyana zokhala ndi zithunzi ndi mafotokozedwe

Actinidia (Actinidia) ndi mpesa wachipembedzo wa Actinidia wamphesa. Dzinalo limasuliridwa kuti ray. Zimapezeka zachilengedwe ku Southeast Asia, Himalayas, ndi Far East. China imadziwika kuti kwawo.

Walimidwa ku Europe kuyambira 1958. Labwino Actinidia - mbewu yomwe zipatso zake ndizodziwika bwino za kiwi. M'minda yomwe kumakhala nyengo yotentha, mitundu imamera yomwe imapatsa zipatso zazing'ono ndipo siyabwino kwambiri.

Kutanthauzira kwa Botanical

Awa ndi mipesa yosatha. Zimayambira zimafuna thandizo. Masamba athunthu, osalala kapena achikopa, ali ndi utoto wokongola - chifukwa chachikulu chokongoletsera chomera. Mu ma axel a masamba pali maluwa oyera, achikasu achikaso, amtundu wa lalanje, onse ndi atatu. Maluwa amangonunkhira mwa mitundu ina yokha.

Actinidia colomict Dr. Shimanovsky Actinidia kolomikta 'Dr Szymanowski' in pachimake chithunzi

Chipatso cha Actinidia ndi chakudya chamtengo wapatali. Muli ndi shuga, ascorbic acid, ndi zinthu zina zomwe zimagwira ntchito pazamoyo. Amadyedwa mwatsopano, opangidwa kuchokera kwa iwo kupanikizana, vinyo, zipatso zouma ndizofanana ndi zoumba. Actinidia akuwonjezeranso kutchuka pakudimba kwamaluwa.

Amuna ndi akazi a Actinidia

Mtengowo umaphatikizidwa, motero, kuti mupeze zipatso, kupezeka kwa amuna ndi akazi a actinidia pamalowo ndikofunikira. Kugonana kumatsimikiziridwa ndi kapangidwe ka duwa: amuna amakhala ndi zolaula zambiri, ndipo pistil kulibe; Maluwa achikazi amakhala ndi pistil yayikulu yozunguliridwa ndi stamens yokhala ndi mungu wosabala (osatenga nawo mbali popukutira). Mungu wochokera ku mbewu zachimuna kupita pachikazi amalowa mothandizidwa ndi tizilombo, mphepo.

Kodi Actinidia Amafalikira

Kubzala masamba ndi mbewu ndizotheka. Ma Actinidia omwe ali ndi nthangala ndi olimba, koma zilembo zamitundu mitundu sizimafalikira, ndipo kugonana kwa mtengowo kungodziwa maluwa, zomwe zimachitika mchaka cha 7 cha moyo. Ndi zomeretsa, maluwa adzachitika mchaka cha 3-4.

Kuyika

Kubwezeretsedwa kwa Actinidia ndi zithunzi

Kubala mwa kugawa ndi njira yosavuta komanso yodalirika.

• Chapakatikati, masamba ang'ono atatsegulidwa kale, muyenera kusankha mphukira yayitali, yopangidwa bwino.
• Pindani pansi, pini ndi kuwaza ndi dothi lotalika masentimita 10-15, pamwamba pa mphukirowo muyenera kukhala pamwamba pa nthaka.
• Mulani mulu ndi utuchi ndi humus.
• Madzi pafupipafupi, chotsani namsongole, pakawonekera mphukira yaying'ono, ufefe.
• Mu nthawi yophukira, nthawi yayitali, kasupe wotsatira, mphukira yachinyamata imakhala yokonzeka kupatulidwa ndi chomera ndi kubzala m'malo okhazikika.

Kufalikira kwa Actinidia podulidwa

Actinidia odulidwa ozika m'madzi chithunzi 25th tsiku

Kufalitsa ndi zodula ndiyo njira yachangu kwambiri komanso yosavuta pofalitsa.

Zodulidwa zobiriwira

• Muzu wobiriwira kudula mu June. Sankhani nthambi zingapo zapachaka za 0.5-1 mamilimita, kudula kuchokera kuzitali za masentimita 10-15. Phesi iliyonse izikhala ndi ma 2 internode ndi masamba atatu okula.
• Wodulidwa pansi pa impso yapansi amayenera kudutsa mbali ya 45º, kumtunda - mzere wowongoka, 4-5 masentimita pamwamba pa impso.
• Chotsani masamba akumunsi pamodzi ndi petioles, ndikufupikitsa masamba apamwamba ndi theka kutalika.
• Muzu wamadzi, mu wowonjezera kutentha, mu wowonjezera kutentha, kapena pa kama.
• Potsirizira pake, zidutswazo zimaphimbidwa ndi utoto m'magulu awiri: kutsanulira kwa tsiku lililonse katatu patsiku, nyengo yamitambo m'mawa ndi madzulo, chotsani chidebe, chotsani masabata angapo.
• Nthaka imafunika kulowererapo kapena pang'ono acidic, momwe humus, mchenga wamtsinje ndi feteleza wovuta wa mchere (100 g pa m²) ayenera kuwonjezeredwa.
• Ikani phesi pamlingo wa 60 º, impso yapakati iyenera kukhalabe pamlingo wa dothi. phatikizani nthaka, madzi bwino.
• Phimbani ndi masamba agwa nthawi yachisanu. Ndi isanayambike masika (masamba asanatseguke), thirani kwa malo okhazikika.

Zodulidwa zodulidwa

Zithunzi zodulidwa

Mutha kuzika mizu yodula. Dulani kumapeto kwa yophukira, ikulungeni, ikukhazikeni pabokosi ndi sitolo mpaka masika pa kutentha kwa 1-5 ºC. Bzalani mu kasupe kuti muzu.

Mizu yazodzala ndi mitengo yolumikizira timayang'ana kanemayo:

Mizu yophatikizika yodulidwa ndizotheka: kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe, sankhani mphukira ya chaka chamakono ndikuyisiyanitsa pamodzi ndi chidendene (gawo la nthambi yapachaka yoyandikana nalo). Mizu yotseguka pansi kapena wowonjezera kutentha. Madzi tsiku ndi tsiku, mthunzi kuchokera ku dzuwa lowongolera. Mu izi zodula, mizu ikupanga mwachangu ndipo nthawi yotsatira masika ndiyothekera kupandukira kumalo ophuka mosalekeza.

Actinidia wa njere kunyumba

Chithunzi cha Actinidia chithunzi

Ganizirani za kufalitsa mbewu. Mbande izikhala yolimba.

• Sungani mbewu kuchokera kucha: zipatso za phala, ikani thumba la thumba ndikutsuka pansi pamadzi. Kenako chotsani mbewuzo m'thumba, ziikeni papepala ndi ziume pamthunzi.
• Sungani mpaka zaka khumi zoyambirira za Disembala, kenako ndikunyowetsa mbewu kwa masiku 4, sinthani madzi tsiku lililonse.
• Kenako, ikani njere mu nsalu ya nayiloni ndikuyiyika mu bokosi lonyowa, sungani kutentha kwa 18-20 ºC.
• Sabata iliyonse, chotsani thumba mumchenga ndikuwongolera kwa mphindi zingapo, muzitsuka mbewuzo pansi pamadzi ndikuzitengera kubokosi.
• Mbewu siziyenera kuuma.
• MuJanuary, kukulunga bokosi ndi nsalu ndikusunthira kumunda, kukumba mozama mu chisanu kwa miyezi ingapo. Ngati kulibe chipale chofewa, sungani gawo la masamba mufiriji.
• Pambuyo pakuchulukana, bweretsani kuchipinda ndikukhala kutentha kwa 10-12 ºC. Nthawi yomweyo, mpweya ndi kutsuka mbewu mlungu uliwonse.
• Mbewu zikaluma, ndi nthawi yoti abzale mosamala, kuti musawononge nthambi. Dzazani mitsuyo ndi malo osakanikirana ndi mchenga, ndikufalitsa mbewuzo pansi ndikumwaza pang'ono ndi mchenga.
• Ndikofunikira kupukutira mbewu kuchokera ku atomizer ndikuphimba ndi filimu kuti apange wowonjezera kutentha. Zomera zikamera, ndibwino kuchotsa filimuyo.
• Patulani mbande pafupipafupi, mutetezeni ku dzuwa.
• Pakubwera kwa timapepala ta 3-4 tating'ono, timatengera timadzi tating'onoting'ono tosiyanasiyana.
• Ikani mu malo otseguka a chaka cha 3 cha moyo masika.

Tikufika actinidia poyera

Mizu ya Actinidia pabwino yokonzekera chithunzithunzi kubzala

Actinidia amakula bwino malo amodzi kwa zaka zopitilira 30, koma ndikofunikira kusankha malo oyenera ndikuwonetsetsa zochitika zaulimi.

Kusankha malo okhala

Actinidia ndi wolocha-mthunzi, koma zipatso zimacha bwino pokhapokha ngati padzuwa: pezani malo pansi pa dzuwa lowala ndi mthunzi masana. Sitikulimbikitsidwa kubzala pafupi ndi mitengo ya apulo. Oyandikana nawo oyenera angakhale zitsamba zamapiri.

Dothi

Dothi limafunikira lonyowa, lotayirira, lotsekedwa. Sililekerera dothi ndi zamchere. Pewani madera okhala ndi madzi apansi panthaka (potengera izi muyenera kudzaza phirilo). Ubzalidwe bwino m'mphepete kapena m'mtsetse - madziwo adzathira mwachilengedwe, osazungulira mizu.

Kukonzekera kothandizidwa

Kwa actinidia, kuthandizira ndikofunikira, apo ayi zimayambira, kusamalira mbewuyo kumakhala kovuta, ndipo zipatsozi zimacha mosavomerezeka.

• Wowolayo alibe mizu yozungulira, choncho pangani pofikira pafupi ndi nyumba, mipanda, zomata.
• Monga thandizo, gwiritsani ntchito zipilala za mawonekedwe apakale, pergolas (matabwa, chitsulo, konkriti).
• Mutha kukoka waya wozungulira (mizere 3-4) pakati pazipilala ziwiri za konkrati malinga ndi mfundo ya mphesa trellis: actinidia amakula molunjika, kumanga mphukira pakukula.
• M'malo okhala ndi nyengo yozizira, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito trellises yochotsa mpesa nthawi yozizira ndikuyigoneka pansi ndikumanga pogona.

Mukabzala liti komanso motani

Bzalani actinidia kumayambiriro kwa kasupe (isanayambike kuyamwa) kapena m'dzinja (masabata 2-3 isanayambike chisanu). Tiyenera kudziwa kuti nthawi yakugwa ndikwabwino kubzala mitengo ya mphesa wazaka 2-3, popeza zitsanzo zambiri za achikulire zimapatsa ulemu kubzala.

• Konzani dzenje 2 milungu musanabzike. Kutalika, m'lifupi ndi kuya - 50 cm aliyense.
• Pansipa, ikani miyala yoyala ndi miyala ing'onoing'ono kapena njerwa zosweka.
• Sunthani dothi lachonde ndi peat ndi kompositi, onjezerani feteleza (250 g wa superphosphate, 120 g wa ammonium nitrate, 35 g yamtengo phulusa ndi potaziyamu sulfate) ndikudzaza dzenje.
• Pa mbande, kudula mizu yowuma ndi yophika, gwiritsani ntchito magawowo ndi mafangayi, gwiritsani mbandezo mu phala.
• Thirani phiri kuchokera m'nthaka popanda feteleza kulowa m'dzenje, ikani manyowa kuti khosi la mizu lituluke ndi nthaka.
• Dzazani mizu ndi nthaka, pofinyani nthaka pang'ono.
• Thirani madzi okwanira malita 10-15 pansi pa chitsamba, mulch ndi wosanjikiza wa kompositi kapena peat 4-5 cm.

Sungani mtunda pakati pa kubzala pakati pa 1.5-2 m.Kukongoletsa khoma la nyumbayo, kubzala mbande mu ngalawo, ndikubwerera pakati pa mbewu 0,5 m.

Fungo lam'madzi lotsekemera limakomera amphaka - choncho tetezani mbande kuti isasowe. Pangani thumba lazitsulo mozungulira chomera ndi kutalika kwa pafupifupi 0.5 metres.

Momwe mungasamalire actinidia panthaka

Kuthirira ndi kumasula nthaka

Thirirani mbewuyo zochuluka. Panthawi yachilala choopsa, onjezani zidebe za madzi za 6-8 pansi pa chitsamba chilichonse kamodzi pa sabata. Komanso utsi wa actinidia m'mawa ndi madzulo. Izi ziyenera kuchitidwa kuti tsamba lisatsike. Masamba achichepere alibe nthawi yoti azitha kuzizira ndi kuzizira nyengo yozizira.

Masula dothi, chotsani namsongole.

Mavalidwe apamwamba

Ndikofunika kudyetsa pafupipafupi. Kumayambiriro kwam'mawa, gwiritsani ntchito 20 g ya potashi ndi 35 g wa feteleza wa nayitrogeni pa m². Pakupanga kwamchiberekero, onjezani 10-12 g wa phosphorous ndi feteleza wa potaziyamu ndi 15-20 g wa nayitrogeni pa gawo limodzi la malo. Mukatha kukolola (pafupifupi zaka khumi za Seputembala), onjezani 20 g wa potaziyamu ndi phosphorous. Manyowa motere: tsekani michere ndi feteleza mu dothi lozungulira chomera ndikuzama masentimita 10-12, madzi ochuluka.

Kudulira

Kudulira mwaukhondo khalani pakati pa Seputembara: kufupikitsa mphukira ndi 1/3 ya kutalika, chotsani nthambi zomwe zimakulitsa korona.

Ndi kufikira zaka 3-4 zaka ziyenera kuchitika kupanga chepetsa zokwawa. Chitani izi nthawi yonse yachilimwe. Pangani chingwe cha mapewa awiri pa trellis yopingasa: tumizani mphukira ziwiri zofanana mu ndege yomweyo mbali zosiyana ndikukonza, kudula mphukira zotsala. Chaka chamawa mphukira yachiwiri ikawonekera - ndiye kuti zipatso zikapangidwa, ziyenera kumangirizidwa ku chiwongolero chowongoka.

Kudulira kokalamba atha zaka zakubadwa 8-10. Chitani izi m'chilimwe. Dulani mphukira kwathunthu, ndikusiya chitsa 30-30 cm.

Momwe mungasiyanitsire amuna ndi akazi omwe ali pachiwonetsero, onani vidiyo:

Matenda ndi Tizilombo

Matenda ndi tizirombo toyambitsa matenda a Actinidia samasokonezeka kawirikawiri.

Matenda omwe angachitike: Matenda oyamba ndi fungus (powdery mildew, phylostictosis, etc.), nkhungu yobiriwira ndi imvi, zipatso zowola. Popewa, gwiritsani ntchito mankhwalawa ndi madzi a Bordeaux pambuyo pakuwonekera kwa masamba ndi masabata awiri atatha kulandira chithandizo. Matenda akapezeka, madera omwe akukhudzidwawo akuyenera kuchotsedwa ndipo mankhwalawa akuyenera kuchitika.

Tizilombo: kachikumbu ka masamba, mbozi za mbozi Mu nthawi yophukira ndi yophukira, gwiritsani ntchito mipesa ndi nthaka ndi madzi a Bordeaux.

Kututa

Kubala kumayambira zaka zapakati pa 3-4. Zithekanso kukolola zokhwima zonse kuchokera ku actinidia kuyambira wazaka 7: pafupifupi 60 makilogalamu zipatso kuchokera pachomera chimodzi mosamalidwa bwino. Kucha zipatso sikofanana, koma sikung'ambika kwanthawi yayitali. Nthawi yokolola imayamba pakati pa Ogasiti ndipo imatha pafupifupi mpaka pakati pa Okutobala.

Actinidia nyengo yachisanu

Zomera zazing'ono (zaka 2-3 zakukula poyera) zidzafunika pogona nyengo yachisanu. Chotsani nthambi kuchokera kuzothandizira, kugona pansi, kuphimba ndi peat, masamba owuma, nthambi za spruce (wosanjikiza osachepera 20 cm). Makoswe amatha kupanga zisa kumeneko - gwiritsani ntchito poizoni. Anthu achikulire amaganizira nyengo yachisanu popanda pogona.

Mitundu ndi mitundu ya actinidia yokhala ndi zithunzi ndi mayina

Mu zachilengedwe muli mitundu 70 ya mbewu, zitatu mwa izo zimalimidwa ndi mitundu yambiri yosanjidwa.

Actinidia Kukangana kapena Acute Actinidia arguta

Zithunzi za Actinidia kapena Acute Actinidia arguta Photo

Chomera champhamvu kwambiri pakati pa mitundu yobzala. Kutalika kwa liana kumafika pa 25-30 m, thunthu la thunthu ndi masentimita 15. Mapulogalamu owumbidwa ndi ovate omwe ali ndi mbali zomata bwino, kutalika kwake ndi masentimita 15. Maluwa ndi onunkhira, amakhala okha kapena osonkhanitsidwa mu inflemose inflorescence a 3 pcs. Zipatso za ozungulira mawonekedwe (mainchesi 1.5-3 masentimita), utoto wobiriwira, wokhala ndi zofatsa zamkati, zipse kumapeto kwa Seputembala.

Zosiyanasiyana:

Chithunzi cha Actinidia chodzala

Actinidia Samoplodnaya - zipatso zimayamba mu theka lachiwiri la Seputembala. Kulemera kwa mabulosi amtambo wozungulira ndi pafupifupi 18 g; wopaka utoto wonyezimira bwino. Zomera zolimba yozizira;

Chithunzi cha Actinidia Argument Actinidia arguta Seaside chithunzi

Nyanja - masamba a pakati, ofewa, oblong, obiriwira. Zipatso ndizopanda mawonekedwe, zimakhala ndi maolivi, kulemera kwake ndi 6-8 g.

Chithunzi cha Actinidia Argument Chachikulu-zipatso

Actinidia wokhala ndi zipatso zazikulu ndi zipatso zokongola, utoto wobiriwira ndi blush, kulemera kwa 10-18 g. Chomera chosagwira chisanu.

Mitundu ina yotchuka: Mikhneevskaya, Relay, Golden Scythe, Ilona, ​​Vera, Lunnaya, Seputembala.

Actinidia kolomikta Actinidia kolomikta mitundu yaku Moscow dera ndi Leningrad dera

Chithunzi cha Actinidia colomict Actinidia kolomikta chithunzi

Ogonjetsedwa kwambiri ndi chisanu chozizira kwambiri. Kutalika kwa chomera ndi 5-10 m, thunthu la thunthu ndi 20 mm. Masamba amafomu a obovate amatambasulidwa masentimita 7-16. Ali ndi mbali zokumbika m'mphepete, mitsempha imakutidwa ndi pubescence ya tint ya lalanje. Amuna, masamba ali ndi mitundu: mu kugwa amatembenukira chikasu-pinki, red-violet. Maluwa achikazi amapezeka okha, maluwa amphongo - 3-5 ma PC. Zipatso za mtundu wobiriwira, pezani bronze, penti yofiyira padzuwa.

Zosiyanasiyana:

Chithunzi cha Actinidia colomicta Actinídia kolomíkta Mpheto chithunzi

Actinidia Pineapple - mitundu yopindulitsa kwambiri. Zipatso za Oblong zokhala ndi kutalika kwa 3 cm zimakhala ndi kununkhira kwa chinanazi;

Actinidia colomict Dr. Shimanovsky Actinidia kolomikta Dr Szymanowski chithunzi

Matanthauzidwe osiyanasiyana a Actinidia Dr. Shimanovsky- Curly liana, zikwapu zimafikira kutalika kwa mamita 3. Kukula pachaka kumakhala pafupifupi 1.5 mita. Masamba achichepere amakhala ndi mawanga obiriwira, koma mwachangu atembenukira pinki. Liana amakonda malo otentha, otentha, otetezedwa. Maonedwe apamwamba. Maluwa ndi oyera, onunkhira bwino, pachimake mu June. Zipatso zake ndizakudya, zotsekemera, zipsa mu Ogasiti.

Chithunzi cha Actinidia colomicta Gourmand chithunzi

Gourmet - Ili ndi zipatso 30 mm kutalika ndi masentimita 4-5, kulawa: lokoma ndi wowawasa ndi malingaliro a chinanazi.

Mitundu ina: Zokongoletsa, Dino lokoma, Waffle, Folk, Moma, Homestead.

Actinidia polygama Actinidia polygama

Chithunzi cha Actinidia polygama Actinidia polygama

Liana kutalika kwa 4-5 m. Masamba osanjikizana okhala ndi mawonekedwe am'maso ndi m'mphepete mwa ulalo, utoto wobiriwira ndi mawanga siliva, masamba amasanduka achikasu nthawi yophukira. Kulemera kwa zipatso - 3 g.

Zosiyanasiyana:

Chithunzi cha Actinidia polygam Apricot (chachikazi)

Actinidia Polygam Apricot - hardness yozizira ndi odziletsa, zipatso zipsa mochedwa. Zipatsozi zimaphwanyidwa pang'ono, zolemera pafupifupi 6 g, zimakhala ndi kukoma komanso wowawasa;

Kukongola ndi mbewu yolimba yozizira. Zipatso za mtundu wachikasu zobiriwira, kukoma kosawasa;

Chithunzi cha Actinidia polygam Chithunzi

Zoyesedwa - zipatso ndizacylindrical mawonekedwe, utoto wa lalanje wokhala ndi mikwingwirima yayitali. Imakhala ndi kukoma kwa tsabola.

Actinidia Giraldi Actinidia giraldii

Lembani zomwe zalembedwa mu Red Book.Zofanana ndi Actinidia wotsutsana, koma ali ndi zipatso zokulirapo.

Zosiyanasiyana:

Juliana - kulemera kwa mabulosi ndi 10-15 g, kumakoma;

Alevtina - zipatso zolemera 12-20 g, zotsekemera;

Native - mabulosi kulemera kwa 7-10 g.

Actinidia purpurea

Chithunzi cha Actinidia purpurea Actinidia arguta chithunzi cha 'Ken's Red'

Shana-wopirira liana, otsika ozizira. Zipatso ndi zofiirira. Kulemera kwawo ndi 5.5 g. Kukoma kwake ndikotsekemera.

Actinidia wosakanizidwa

Chithunzi cha Actinidia chosakanizidwa ndi chithunzi chachikulu cha Arguta Kievskaya chachikulu

Ntchito ya obereketsa I.M. Shaitana. Uku ndikuwoloka gawo la Actinidia kukangana ndi Actinidia Purpurea. Zipatso zake ndi zazikulu, zofiirira.

Zosiyanasiyana:

Kiev Krupnoplodnaya - zipatso zowola zamtundu wobiriwira, kulemera - 10 g, kulawa - lokoma;

Maswiti - zipatso zipsa mochedwa, khalani ndi kakomedwe kakomedwe ndi kununkhira kwa zipatso;

Souvenir - zipatso zofiira kubiriwira zolemera pafupifupi 8 g, lokoma.

Zothandiza zimatha Actinidia

Zipatso za mbewuyi ndizothandiza kwambiri chifukwa cha belching, kutentha kwa mtima, ndi zovuta zina zam'mimba. Amalimbikitsidwanso kuti atenge ndi kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi, kusokonezeka kwa miyendo, lumbago, gonorrhea, colitis.

Magawo ena a mbewu amakhalanso ndi machiritso. Mwa izi, infusions, decoctions, mafuta odzola amakonzedwa.

Polygamol ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo a Actinidia omwe ali ndi mphamvu ya tonic.

Contraindication pakugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa ndi varicose mitsempha, thrombophlebitis.