Kubzala moyenera komanso kusamalira mbatata yamchere

Kwa zaka zambiri, Ipomoea Batat anali wobadwa yekha monga chikhalidwe chokhazikika, ndipo m'zaka makumi angapo zapitazi adayamba kulima ndi wamaluwa ngati duwa lokongoletsera. Nthawi zambiri mmera wapakati komanso kum'mwera, chomera chimamera poyera.

M'mabedi az maluwa, Ipomoea amapanga zithunzi zowoneka bwino chifukwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana masamba. Ngakhale duwa limakhala losatha, libzalidwa ngati chaka chilichonse. Potseguka, chikhalidwecho chimabzalidwa madzi atayamba kuzimiratu.

Njira yodziwika yomwe imakulira ndikukubzala m'miphika ndi m'miyala yokongoletsera malo okhala ndi gazebos. Pafupipafupi, Ipomoea amalimidwa m'nyumba pawindo. Popeza imafunikira kuwala komanso kuwonekera.

Chomera chidakondedwa ndi alimi a maluwa chifukwa chaulimi wosavuta komanso chokongoletsera. Kuphatikiza apo, ndi duwa wamba yemwe mizu yake idyani ndikugwiritsira ntchito mankhwala.

Kufotokozera kwamasamba

Ipomoea Batat, kapena Mbatata Wokoma ndi mbadwa ku Colombia ndipo ndi wa mmera wobiriwira. Kunja, ndi mtengo wamphesa, womwe imafika kutalika kwa 5 metres.

Masamba ndi ochepa, owoneka pamtima. Kupaka masamba masamba kungakhale kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana: kuchokera pakubiriwira kobiriwira mpaka maroon.

Ofananira mizu amapanga edible tubers.

Mtundu wa zipatso ndi wachikaso, pinki kapena utoto. Limamasula pakati pa chilimwe ndi miyala yoyera, yapinki ndi ya lilac.

Mitundu yakukula pa khonde

Ili ndi mitundu yopitilira 7000. Iwonso agawika m'magulu atatu:

1. Dyetsani
2. Zakudya
3. Zamasamba

Mwachidule, zonse zimalimidwa kutchire, koma zimatulutsa zina zomwe choyenera kukula m'nyumba kapena kunyumba.

Izi zikuphatikiza ndi izi:

1. Kumara Red - Chomera chamtunduwu chimafunikira kwambiri pakuwala komanso kutentha. Ndikotheka kuti zikule kwanu ndi chowonjezera chowonjezera. Mtengowo ndi wawukulu, uli ndi masamba osalala ndi opindika. The tubers ndi chowulungika, chikasu.
2. Burgundy - amatanthauza mitundu yoyambirira. Ili ndi masamba akulu komanso inflorescence yotsekemera. Zipatso ndizofiyira zofiira.
3. Pumbwa - Mitundu ina yoyambirira yomwe imatha kubzala kunyumba. Ndi kugonjetsedwa ndi matenda ndi tizilombo toononga. Ili ndi chitsamba champhamvu chokhala ndi masamba obiriwira.

Ubwino waukulu wa duwa

Zomera zimakondedwa ndi alimi a maluwa pazifukwa zambiri. Ubwino waukulu wa Ipomoea Batat amawonedwa kuti umagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino pakupanga mawonekedwe ndipo amatha kukongoletsa malo aliwonse.

Kuphatikiza apo, mtengowo ndi wopanda ulemu ndipo umafunika chisamaliro chochepa. Kusinthasintha kwa mbewuyo ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kwake osati kungogwiritsa ntchito zokongoletsera, komanso kuphika ndi mankhwala kumapangitsanso kuti ikhale yotchuka.

Malamulo obzala m'mawa ulemu mbatata

Mbeu za Batomo za Ipomoea zimabzalidwa m'mabedi atatha kutentha kwa msewu mumsewu kuyikidwa mkati 20 madigiri, ndipo nthaka sinatsike 15 madigiri.

Kubzala ndikulimbikitsidwa m'malo otseguka ndi dzuwa komwe kulibe mphepo yamphamvu.

Zomwe zimapangidwa ndi dothi ziyenera kukhala mchenga kapena loamy, zokhala ndi asidi wochepa, ngakhale zimatha kukula m'malo aliwonse.

Dothi

Dothi la maluwa lifunika kukonzekereratu pasadakhale, makamaka pakugwa. Amakumba dothi kenako ndikupanga humus momwemo. Muthanso kupanga feteleza wa potashi ndi superphosphate. Ngati dothi lili m'dera lokhala ndi acidity yambiri, limawerengeka masiku angapo lisanakhale manyowa.

Chapakatikati, asanadzalemo, dothi liyenera kumasulidwa ndipo yankho la ammonium nitrate liyenera kuwonjezedwamo.

Momwe mungabzale poyera

Mwachikhalidwe kubzala poyera mbande yokonzedwa kale. Kuti muchite izi, kukumba dzenje losaya, mpaka ma 15 sentimita. Mtunda pakati pawo wasiyidwa osachepera 30 cm. Mbewuzo zimayikidwa m'manda kotero kuti ma dothi awiri apansi ali pansi.

Kuti mbande ziziyambira mwachangu komanso zabwinobwino, muyenera kuchotsa masamba onse, kusiya masamba 1-2 okha.

Zomera zobzalidwa zimapangidwa pansi, kuthiriridwa ndi kuphimbidwa ndi mitsuko kapena zotengera zapulasitiki zowonekera mpaka masamba atsopano atayamba.

Zosamalira

Kubzala ndi kusamalira maluwa sikovuta, ndikofunikira kukumbukira kokha kuti chikhalidwe kwambiri cha thermophilic.

Kutentha

Ipomoea amakonda kufunda ndipo amafa pachisanu pang'ono.

Chifukwa chake, kutentha kwambiri pa mbande komanso chomera chachikulu ndi 20 madigiri ndi kupitilira.

Mutha kubzala mu nthaka pambuyo kotentha nyengo, pofika kumapeto kwa Meyi, kwa njira yapakati komanso kumapeto kwa Epulo kumadera akumwera. M'dzinja, Ipomoea amakumbidwa ndikubwera mnyumba mu malo owala ndi otentha.

Kuthirira

Duwa limasowa madzi pang'ono ndipo limaganiziridwa chilala chololera. Kuchuluka kwa hydration ndikofunikira pachomera chokhacho m'mwezi woyamba wa moyo.

Dothi liyenera kukhala lonyowa pang'ono. Kuyambira kuyambira pakati pa chilimwe, mutha kuchepetsa kuthirira mpaka ochepa, kamodzi pa sabata ndikokwanira. Ngati chilimwe chikugwa mvula, ndiye kuti palibe chifukwa chamadzi.

Ngati matumba achikuda oyera awoneka pamasamba a Ipomoea, muyenera kusiya kuthirira nthawi yomweyo, mwina adzafa.

Feteleza ndi feteleza

Panthawi yopanga tubers, Batat amafunika feteleza, monga lamulo, uno ndi Ogasiti. Zomwe zimapangidwira ovala pakadali pano ziyenera kuphatikizapo potaziyamu. Ndikofunika kugwiritsa ntchito phulusa la nkhuni ngati feteleza.

Pokonzekera yankho lanu, muyenera izi:

• Galasi la phulusa.
• 10 malita a madzi akhazikika.

Kuswana

Maluwa okongoletsera ofunikira m'njira ziwiri zazikulu: ma tubers ndi kudula.

Tubers

Mukugwa tubers mbewu kukumba ndi kusunga m'malo abwino. Masamba akayamba kupanga pa tuber, nthawi zambiri imakhala Disembala, imasinthidwa kumabokosi okhala ndi dothi.

Pambuyo kumera, mphukira zimatha kudzipatula ndikuzika mizu yosiyanasiyana. Mu nthawi yamasika, mbewu zimabzalidwa malo osiyidwa kapena osiyidwa mumiphika ndikuwupatsa mpweya wabwino.

Kudula

Njira iyi ndiyosavuta kwambiri komanso yofala kwambiri pakati pa alimi.

Mu February, mphukira zitakula pa tuber, iwo kudula ndikuyika m'madzi. Masiku angapo pambuyo pake, mizu ikaoneka, itha kubzalidwe munthaka.

Zothandiza katundu

Mizu ya mmera imakhala ndi zambiri zothandizakuwapanga kukhala opindulitsa kwa anthu. Zomwe zimapangidwira mwana wosabadwayo zimaphatikizapo mapuloteni, chakudya, chitsulo, phosphorous, potaziyamu, thiamine, mavitamini A ndi C, komanso zinthu zina zambiri.

Zomera zolaula nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala. Amachiza matenda am'mimba, amathandizira chitetezo chokwanira, komanso amalimbitsa thanzi lathunthu. Vitamini B6, yomwe ndi gawo la tubers, imathandizira matenda amitsempha. Ndipo zomwe zili ascorbic acid zimathandiza thupi kulimbana ndi maselo a khansa.

Mosamala, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito chomera ndi odwala gastritis, chilonda cham'mimba, komanso anamwino ndi amayi apakati.

Gwiritsani ntchito pochita maluwa ndikuphika

Ipomoea yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati maluwa posachedwa, koma m'zaka zapitazi idayamba kale kukhala yolima pakati pamaluwa. Mbewu zamitundu yosiyanasiyana gulu patsamba limodzi. Amabzala m'miphika ndi m'miphika yopachika pamiyala ndi m'mazenera. Duwa limayenda bwino ndi Petunias, mbewu monga chimanga ndi chlorophytums.

Mitundu yamasamba imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kuphika. Amalawa amafanana ndi mbatata. Zilowezo za mbewuzo zimakumba m'dothi ndikuziisunga pamalo abwino. Amatha kukazinga, kuwiritsa, mitundu ina amadyedwa yaiwisi. Kuphatikiza apo, ma tubers amatha kusungidwa nthawi yozizira.

Chifukwa chake, Ipomoea Batat imagwiritsidwa ntchito osati chomera chokongoletsera, komanso monga chikhalidwe chodalirika. Amakongoletsa nyumba, mabedi amzinda ndi zojambula pawindo.