Pakati pazikhalidwe zamkati, nyumba ya goffmania imadziwika kwambiri komanso nthawi yomweyo. Osati kokha chifukwa chakuti mbewuyi ndiyosowa kwambiri ndipo ikuwoneka kuti siyabwino. Popeza ndi imodzi mwazomera zofunikira kwambiri komanso zosowa kwambiri m'nyumba, hoffmania ngakhale yakutali imadabwitsa chidwi ndi iyo, ngati ikokedwa ndi wolamulira, imatsata masamba owala. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwazomera zotsogola, zopatsa chidwi ndi zojambulajambula zamakono ndi luso lamakono. Kuwala, kulembeka, kuyerekezera, goffmania kumakhalabe chinsinsi m'njira zambiri. Koma mwambowu ndiwokongola kwambiri kwakuti kusiya zosangalatsa zosilira masamba ake apamwamba ndikovuta.
M'nyumba Hofmania.
Kodi nyumbayo hoffmania imawoneka bwanji?
Hoffmania - zitsamba ndi herbaceous perennials wokhala ndi mbiri yocheperako ya ulimi ku Europe. Adawonekera mchikhalidwe cha zana la khumi ndi chisanu ndi chisanu ndi chisanu ndi chinayi, adakhalabe ndi nthawi yowonjezereka, koma sadakhale nyenyezi zodzaza nyumba zobisika. Hoffmania lero, ngakhale ali mafashoni pazomera zachilendo ndi zotentha zotentha, akupitilizabe kukhala chomera osati aliyense.
Hoffmannia adadzipatsa ulemu kulemekeza katswiri wazodziwika bwino wazamankhwala waku Germany, yemwe adatchuka chifukwa cha ntchito yake ku yunivesite ya Moscow - G. Hoffmann.
Ma gofmanias owoneka bwino amaimira banja la Marenov, lomwe silimafotokozeredwa kwambiri mothandizidwa ndi mbewu zamkati. Chomerachi chimapezeka makamaka ku South America, ngakhale mitundu ina ya hoffmania imatha kupezeka ku Mexico komanso kuzilumba zotentha.
Gofmania (Hoffmannia) - zitsamba zazing'ono zazikulu, zotsala zazikulu zokhala ndi mphamvu (zofikira malo ogona), nthambi zambiri. Alinso m'chilengedwe, pansi pa dambo lamvula yamvula yotentha, ochepa mpaka 1 mita.
Masamba aChichi
Koma kukula kocheperako sikumalepheretsa gofmanii kukula kukula, kupanga mapangidwe okongola kwambiri. Pali mitundu ina yomwe imapanga tchire lowoneka bwino komanso lotchedwa rosette - lomwe limatulutsa ana ambiri aakazi - mitunduyi. Ma gofmanias omwe amakhala akuthambo komanso otakataka amangoyang'ana masamba awo.
Kukula, kutalika mpaka 30 cm ndi kutalika kwa 10 cm yokha, masamba a obovate a hoffmania amawoneka bwino. Amakhala amtundu, amakwinya, otikumbutsa ena omwe amathandizidwa. Mphepete yosalala ndi mapangidwe ofanana a mitsempha imangopindula ndi kukula ndi mawonekedwe a pepalalo. Mtundu wa azitona, mtundu wa masamba ophatikizika ndi masamba opepuka mumasamba okhwima umasinthidwa ndi emerald ndi toni yakuda, kuwonjezera apo, pamasamba achichepere, kusintha kosavuta kwa matani oyera, apinki ndi ofiirira ndikodabwitsanso.
Utoto wamadzi, wowoneka bwinowu, umagwedezeka kwambiri chifukwa cha kuphatikiza ndi mawonekedwe a velvet. Zonenepa za hoffmania sizimawoneka ngati nsalu zapamwamba - zimawoneka ngati velvet yapamwamba mpaka kukhudza. Velvety sizachilendo masamba achichepere, amadziwulula pang'onopang'ono, limodzi ndi mtundu wowona. Mukasintha kuyatsa kwamphamvu zosiyanasiyana, masamba amatha kukhala owala kwambiri kapena matte ochulukirapo.
Mbali yofiirira yakumbuyo yokhala ndi tint yamkuwa imangogogomezera masamba velvety osazolowereka. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwazomera zabwino kwambiri kapangidwe kake, korona wamkati. Koma gofmanii ndi otchuka osati mawonekedwe a masamba, komanso mawonekedwe awo. Msempha wakuda wandiweyani umaphatikizidwa ndi mitsempha yammbali, "mafupa", kupatsa mbewuyo modabwitsa.
Maluwa a Hoffmania.
Maluwa odzola kwambiri
Maluwa a gofmanias siwawonekedwe wamba, koma potengera masamba owoneka bwino amawoneka ngati bonasi yowonjezera. Kuphatikiza apo, m'nyumba gofmanii samakonda pachimake. Ang'ono, mpaka 2 masentimita kutalika, maluwa a beige-pinki amasonkhanitsidwa m'magulu a inflorescence. Chosangalatsa kwambiri pakupanga maluwa ndi makongoletsedwe a maluwa. Amaphukira m'makungwa am masamba, makamaka pamtengo, sawoneka, koma mukangoyang'anitsitsa, zowonekera zatsopano komanso zosangalatsa zimawululidwa.
Mitundu ya m'nyumba gofmanii
Mitundu Hoffmannia (Hoffmannia) imagwirizanitsa pafupifupi mitundu 100 yodziyimira payokha ya zitsamba zosakhazikika ku South America. Koma monga mbewu zobzalidwa, ngakhale m'maiko okhala ndi nyengo yofunda, mitundu itatu yokha ya hoffmania imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mwa izi, mmera umodzi udagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu chikhalidwe cham'chipinda.
Gofmania Gisbrecht (Hoffmannia ghisbreghtii) - mawonekedwe owoneka bwino kwambiri, ochititsa chidwi komanso owoneka bwino a mtundu wonsewo. Masamba akulu masentimita makumi atatu omwe ali ndi mitsempha yosangalatsa ndi gawo lakugundika lofiirira lomwe limagonjetsedwa ndi mawonekedwe ake okongola. Gofmaniya iyi ili ndi mitundu yambiri yosangalatsa. Pamodzi ndi mitundu yokhazikika yobiriwira, pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana yokhala ndi mitundu yoyera. Mtundu wa variegate, mawonekedwe a mitundu yosiyanasiyana, amakonda kwambiri mitundu yokongoletsera yamtunduwu wa gofmania.
Ndiosowa kwambiri kugulitsa mtundu wina wa gofmanii - gofmania wanzeru (Hoffmannia refulgens). Imasiyanitsidwa ndi mphukira zolimba, masamba obiriwira, mtundu wofiyira kwambiri wamtundu wa masamba ndi maluwa.
Hoffmannia Gisbrecht (Hoffmannia ghisbreghtii).
Zikhalidwe za kukula m'nyumba gofmanii
Zovuta zonse zokulira gofmania ndikumupangira iye muzipinda zomwe sangataye kukongoletsa, ndizogwirizana ndi chikhalidwe chake ndi komwe adachokera. Ichi ndi chosasinthika, chomwe chimafuna malo ena, chomera chomwe chimakonda kutentha ndi kutentha. Zomwe sizingafanane ndi kutentha kwa nthawi zonse pazomera komanso nyengo yozizira, kapenanso chikondi cha mtengowu pakuwunikira kwapadera sizinganyalanyazidwe posankha zinthu za gofmania.
Njira yosavuta yofutira kukula kwa tropicanka hoffmania m'nyumba zowononga maluwa ndi zowonetsera zamaluwa, m'maluwa akuluakulu kapena mawonekedwe awo. Mtengowo ndi wabwino kubiriwira komanso kusamalira. Zomwe zili mzipinda zogona ndizosiyana ndi zomwe zimera izi, koma mosamala zimatha kulipidwa pokwaniritsa zotsatira zomwezi kuchokera pachitsamba ichi monga momwe zidakhalira pachiwonetsero.
Kuyatsa ndi kuyika
Hoffmania mwachilengedwe imamera m'nkhalango zotentha ndipo kuwala kwawoko kumadalitsika. Kulekerera kwa mchenga kwa goffmania ndikosangalatsa kwa aliyense amene akufuna kusankha chomera ichi. Kwa iye, kuwala kosunthika kapena mawonekedwe pang'ono ndi koyenera; gofmania sakonda kuwala kokhazikika kwa dzuwa. Mitundu yamitundu yosiyanasiyana imakhala ndi kulolerana kotsalira pakasuntha.
Kuunikira kwa chomera ichi kuyenera kukhala chokhazikika pachaka chonse. M'nyengo yozizira, hoffmania imayikidwa pawindo, kuwongolera kusintha kwa nyengo.
Mosiyana ndi zikhalidwe zina zambiri zotentha, gofmania imamva bwino mkati. Masamba abwino kwambiri amasamba ake amawoneka bwino. Mtengowo suyenera kuwonetsedwa pafupi ndi zikhalidwe zina, chifukwa nyenyezi zokongoletsera zowala ndi zowala zimatembenuka poyambira maziko ake. Ndi m'mazenera ogulitsa maluwa okhaokha kapena ndi mbewu zina zotentha kumene gofmania imawoneka yofanana.
Chifukwa cha kukula kwake, m'minda yozizira, gofmania ikhoza kuphatikizidwa muzotulutsa zazikulu ndi mbewu zina zomwe zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe ofananawo. Hoffmania imawoneka bwino kwambiri m'malo omwe mbewuyo ili pansi pa mzere wowoneka: ndibwino kuyiyika muzipinda kuti mutha kuyang'ana masamba kuchokera kumwamba.
Kutentha ndi mpweya wabwino
Hoffmania imafunikira kwambiri pamtunda wokhazikika komanso wam'mlengalenga. Amachita kutentha kwambiri kwakuti ngakhale kuzizirira mpaka 18 ° C kumatha kukhala nkhawa yayikulu kwa mbewu. Ndipo kutsika kwa kutentha kwa mpweya mpaka + 16 ° C kumakhudza kwambiri thanzi komanso kukopa kwa mbewu.
Izi mbewu ziyenera kutetezedwa ku zojambula ndi dontho lirilonse lakuthwa pakukula, kuphatikiza kutentha.
Kusamalira gofmania kunyumba
Hoffmania siinakhale mwangozi pakati pa mbewu zabwino kwambiri zakunyumba. Samakhululukiranso zolakwa, makamaka kuthirira, ndipo nthawi yomweyo amataya kukopa. Zomwe zimasowa pang'ono posamalira zimasandukira iye, kutaya masamba kapena kuphwanya kukula kwawo; ndi masamba akulu akulu monga hoffmannia, ngakhale chouma ndichovuta kwambiri.
Hoffmania ndichikhalidwe cha alimi a maluwa odziwa bwino omwe ali okonzeka kukwaniritsa zoyipa zonse za Tropicana yovuta ngati imeneyi. Komanso kwa iwo omwe amakonda zachilendo zachilengedwe zokhala ndi zovuta.
Kuthirira ndi chinyezi
Kuthira nthawi zonse komanso moyenera kuchuluka kwa gofmania ndikofunikira. Chomerachi sichimalola kuyanika konse kwa matope, koma sichilekerera kusachepa konse. Zosowa mu kuthirira kwa gofmanii zimayambitsa zovuta, chifukwa chake muyenera kuyang'anira gawo la gawo lapansi. Kutsirira kumachitika mutayimitsa dothi lapamwamba.
Ndikosavuta kutchula chomera china chomwe sichingalole mpweya wouma. Hoffmania imazindikira kusinthasintha kwa chinyezi, kugwira ntchito kwa zowongolera mpweya, osanenapo zida zamagetsi. Chinyezi chikuyenera kukhala chokwera kwambiri momwe zingathere. Zizindikiro za 75-80% ndizabwino. Pali njira zingapo zokulitsira chinyezi cha mpweya:
- Pafupifupi kupukuta kwa mpweya ndi kupopera kwa nthawi zonse.
- Khazikani pacho pallet podzaza ndi miyala yanthaka kapena dongo lotukulidwa.
- Kukula gofmania m'mbale ziwiri, kukhazikitsa mumphika momwe mbewu imabzalidwa mchidebe chodzaza ndi dothi lokwanira kunyowetsedwa.
- Ikani zofukizira.
- Ikani akasupe a chipinda kapena aquarium pafupi ndi gofmania.
Pakupopera kwa gofmanii pali zinsinsi zambiri. Chikhalidwe ichi chimafuna kugwiritsa ntchito madzi osasefa kapena owiritsa. Kutentha kwake kuyenera kukhala madigiri 5-6 kuposa kutentha kwa mpweya. Pompopompopompopopopopopopopopopopepouwa pamagwiritsidwa ntchito masamba velvet.
Kuipitsidwa kwa tsamba la Hoffmania ndi vuto lalikulu. Chomera chiyenera kutetezedwa ku fumbi ndi kuipitsidwa kwanyumba, kutetezedwa pamene ndikuyeretsa zipinda, kupewa ingress ya madzi olimba. Ndizosatheka kuyeretsa masamba a velvet a goffmania: mawonekedwe ake apompopompo amatenga dothi lililonse ndikutulutsa, komanso kusamba kapena njira zina sizithandiza pano, koma kungangotayitsa pepala lomwe akuyesera kuchotsa dothi. Fumbi limafinya masamba ndikutsuka pang'ono.
Masamba a Hoffmania adagwa chifukwa chosakwanira kuthirira.
Feteleza ndi kuphatikizira feteleza
Zomera zambiri, chakudya cha gofmaniya chidzafunika pokhapokha pakukula kwake. Hoffmania amadyetsedwa kuyambira Meyi mpaka Seputembara. Kutalika koyenera kovala kabwinobwino kamodzi pakatha masabata awiri. Hoffmannia imakonda kuwotcha mizu, kuvala pamwamba chifukwa kuyenera kuchitidwa mosamala, mwa mawonekedwe amadzimadzi pokhapokha kuthirira kwambiri.
Hoffmannia amakonda osati mchere, koma feteleza wachilengedwe. Hoffmannia imatha kudyetsedwa ndi yankho losavuta la mullein. Mwa feteleza wogula, zokonda ziyenera kuperekedwa kukonzekera zonse zamamineral-organic. Mlingo wa feteleza umakhwimitsidwa poyerekeza ndi zomwe wopanga amapangira.
Kukonza ndi kukonzanso nyumba ya gofmanii
Zoyipa zamtunduwu zimaphatikizapo chizolowezi chake chotsitsa masamba otsika ndikulephera kudzikongoletsa pakapita nthawi. Kuwonekera kwa mphukira kumatchulidwa makamaka mu nthawi yozizira ndi kuwunika kosawoneka bwino kapena ngati chinyezi chochepa.
Kudulira ku hoffmania kumachitika pokhapokha chomera chikatayika ndikuwoneka bwino. M'malo mwake, zonse zimatsikira kukonzanso: kutalika, mphukira zopanda kanthu, zotsika, kusiya zokhaza zochepa. Chomera chimabwezeretsanso kukongoletsa anthu akangomera mphukira.
Kuti muchepetse kukula ndikukula zitsamba zambiri, mutha kudina nsonga za mitengo yaying'ono.
Thirani ndi gawo lapansi la gofmanii
Mbewuyi imalowetsedwa pokhapokha pakufunika - monga gawo lapansi limapangidwa ndi mizu. Ndipo izi zisanachitike, pamwamba pa dothi pamalopo pamalowa chomera. Hoffmania imasinthidwa kumapeto kwa dzinja kapena koyambirira kwamasika. Maluso (m'mimba mwake) amawonjezedwa ndi 5 cm poyerekeza ndi ena apitawa.
Kwa tropicana muyenera kusankha mawonekedwe apamwamba, otayirira komanso opepuka mawonekedwe, otayirira komanso pang'ono acid. Hoffmania imabzalidwe bwino m'magawo ogulidwa ndi mawonekedwe. Ngati dothi limasakanizidwa palokha, ndibwino kuphatikiza peat, nthaka yamasamba ndi mchenga m'malo ofanana ndi gawo laling'ono la kompositi kapena humus.
Pokonza, ndikofunika kuyesetsa kuti mukhalebe ndi dothi komanso kuti mutse mizu yake. Pansi pa zotengera ziyenera kuyala ngalande yayitali. Pambuyo pozika ndikumwetsa madzi ambiri, chomeracho chimayenera kusungidwa pamthunzi komanso m'malo obiriwira (pansi pa kapu kapena pazenera la maluwa).
Matenda, tizirombo ndi mavuto akukula
Mavuto aliwonse ndi gofmanii amayamba chifukwa chosasamala. M'mikhalidwe yoyenera komanso chisamaliro chabwino, tizirombo timakhala osowa kwambiri. Chomera ichi ndichopatsa chidwi, chimapatsa chidwi ndikusamalidwa bwino ndi mpweya wouma. Scaffolds, ankamva ndi nsabwe za m'masamba ndi adani oopsa a chomera. Ndikwabwino kulimbana ndi tizirombo tina nthawi yomweyo ndi mankhwala atizilombo.
Matenda a mafangasi samayambitsa zovuta zochepa. Kutulutsa madzi kulikonse, kuipitsidwa kwamasamba, kuthirira kolakwika kungayambitse kufalikira. Ngati zizindikiro za kuwola zikuonekera, muyenera kusintha kuthirira ndikuyamba kugwiritsa ntchito fungicides.
Mavuto omwe akukula:
- kutayika kwa masamba ndi kuthirira kwambiri;
- kuyanika kwa nsonga za masamba mu mpweya wouma kapena kusiyana ndi chinyezi cha dothi;
- ikuchepa chifukwa cha kuthirira kosayenera kapena kufalikira kwa tizirombo.
Chipinda cha Hoffmania.
Kufalikira kwa mkati mwa gofmanii
Tchire zatsopano zatsopano zimatha kupezedwa ndi njira zamasamba.
Njira yosavuta yolerera hoffmania ndikulekanitsa mbewu zachikulire. Poika mbewu, njira zotsatirazi ndizotheka:
- kugawa nthambi zazing'ono, kupangira ana aakazi mbewu zosiyanasiyana m'magawo awiri mpaka atatu;
- kupatulira mizu yobisika pakati pa chitsamba ndi chomera ndi kuwabzala m'miyala yaying'ono.
Patulani gofmanii mosamala, kuyesera kupanga zowonongeka pang'ono pamizu momwe mungathere. Mutabzala, mmera umasungidwa pamatenthedwe okwera kwambiri komanso pamtunda wambiri (musanale). Kuunikira kowala nthawi yogwirizana ndi gawo lanu kumatha kukhala koopsa.
Mutha kufalitsa gofmanii ndi kudula. Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito nsonga kapena mphukira zotsalira mukadula. Mizu yodula imayenera kukhala yaying'ono kwambiri pansi pa hood. Chofunikira kuti mudziwe bwino ndi kuzizira ndi kutentha kambiri. Kutentha sikuyenera kugwa pansi + 21 ° C, ndipo kuwunikaku sikuyenera kukhala kozama (mbali ina siyabwino).
Ndizotheka kuti gofmania ikukula kale m'nyumba mwanu, kapena mukukonzekera kukhazikitsa kunyumba. Gawani zomwe mukukumana nazo pakukula chipatsochi ndi owerenga a "Botanichki" pamawu omwe apezeka munkhaniyi kapena pa Pulogalamu Yathu.
