Perennial zokoma stapelia (Stapelia) ndi nthumwi ya banja la Lastovne. Mitundu iyi imaphatikiza mitundu pafupifupi 100. Mwachilengedwe, mtengowu umapezeka kwambiri kumwera chakumadzulo ndi South Africa, pomwe umakonda kumera m'mphepete mwa mapiri, pafupi ndi dziwe kapena pafupi ndi mitengo. Stapelia adatchedwa a Van Stapel, yemwe anali dokotala wodziwika bwino wa ku Dutch wazaka za zana la 17. Chomera choterocho chatchuka ndi alimi a maluwa kwa nthawi yayitali, chifukwa sichikula mosamalitsa, ndipo izi zimachitikanso chifukwa cha maluwa osazolowereka kwambiri. Duwa la chomera ichi limadziwika chifukwa cha fungo lake labwino kwambiri, lomwe silifanana ndi maluwa onunkhira wamba. Fungo ili ndi losasangalatsa ndipo limawoneka ngati fungo la zowola. Goethe pokhudzana ndi izi ananena za maluwa awa: "Maluwa okongola kwambiri - maluwa okongola kwambiri." Ojambula mabatani m'matangadza amakopeka ndi kuphatikiza kwachilendo kwa kukongola kowoneka bwino ndi fungo loipa.
Mawonekedwe a slipway
Stapelia ndiwokoma, kutalika kwake kumasiyana kuchokera pa 0,5 mpaka 0.6 mita. Denticles lalikulu losasunthika limakhala pafupi ndi nkhope, ndichifukwa chake duwa limatchedwa "stapelia cactus". Utoto wa timitengo tiotchedwa buluu kapena wobiriwira, ndipo umapezeka ndimtambo wofiirira, womwe umawoneka ndi kuwala kowala. Masamba a mbewuyo kulibe. Pamaso pa maluwa amodzi kapena ophatikizidwa pamakhala maluwa, amakhala pamiyendo, nthawi zambiri pamunsi pa mphukira ndipo nthawi zambiri pamatepe. Kukula kwa duwa ndi masentimita 5-30, kumakhala kowoneka bwino kwambiri ndipo amafanana ndi nyenyezi yamawonekedwe. Amapaka utoto womwewo, koma palinso mitundu mitundu. Mtundu uliwonse umadziwika ndi kukongola kwake kwapadera, komanso fungo lapadera losasangalatsa lomwe limatha kuyambitsa mutu.
Kusamalidwa kwakunyumba
Kutentha
Kukula m'matangadza m'nyumba, choyambirira, tiyenera kudziwa kuti kusamalira nkhuku kumachitika mwachindunji ndi nyengo ya maluwa. Mwachitsanzo, munyengo yotentha, amamva bwino kwambiri kutentha kwa madigiri 22 mpaka 26, pomwe nthawi yachilimwe ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti ikasinthidwe ku terata kapena khonde. Mu nthawi yophukira ndi nthawi yophukira, stapelia imakhala nthawi yopumira. M'nyengo yozizira, chomeracho chimayenera kutsukidwa m'malo ozizira (osati otentha kuposa madigiri 15).
Kuwala
Duwa limasowa kuwala kowala kwambiri, ndipo tsiku lililonse limafunikira dzuwa, apo ayi mphukira zimacheperachepera komanso kufalikira, chifukwa chomwe maluwa sangachitike nkomwe. Komabe, masiku otentha kwambiri masana, mbewuyo imafunikira kutetezedwa kuti isayake ndi dzuwa, izi zimapewa kuwoneka ngati ukuyaka pansi pake. Akatswiri amalangizidwa kuyika mawonekedwe pazenera lomwe lili kumadzulo kapena kum'mawa kwa nyumbayo.
Kuthirira
Popeza stapelia ndiyabwino, safunikira kuthiridwa madzi ndi madzi ambiri. Ngati madzi ayenda mu gawo lapansi, izi zitha kuyambitsa kukula kwa nthenda ya fungus, yomwe imayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa duwa. Kuti mupewe izi, mukadzala, dothi la ngalande liyenera kuyikidwa pansi pa mphika, lomwe limapangidwa kuchokera ku shards kapena dothi lotukulidwa. Mu Marichi-Seputembala, kuthilira kukonzedweranso nthawi 1 m'masiku 7, mu Okutobala-Disembala - nthawi 1 pa sabata, ndipo mu Disembala ndi Januwale simusowa kuthilira madzi pang'ono.
Mavalidwe apamwamba
Ndikofunikira kudyetsa izi mwachilimwe 1 nthawi m'masabata awiri, chifukwa ichi amagwiritsa ntchito zakudya zosakaniza za cacti ndi ma suppulents. Kuti achulukitse mbewuyo popewa matenda, iyenera kudyetsedwa ndi feteleza wa potaziyamu. M'nyengo yozizira, simuyenera kudyetsa masheya.
Thirani kufalikira
Zoyerekezera zazing'ono zimafuna kupatsidwa zina, zomwe zimachitika nthawi 1 pachaka, chifukwa zimakula m'lifupi mwake mwachangu. Kuyika kwa maluwa achikulire kumachitika nthawi imodzi mu zaka 2-3. Alimi a maluwa odziwa amalimbikitsa kuti, mukadzala chomera, kukoka zimayambira pakatikati pa chitsamba, chifukwa sizidzaphukanso. Masheya osinthika samalimbikitsidwa kuti asinthidwe, amangofunika kusintha kosanjikiza chaka chilichonse kuti akhale atsopano, ndipo zimayambira ziyenera kutulutsidwa pakati pa chitsamba.
Kuti mubzale zotsekemera zoterezi, muyenera kutenga mphika wakuya kwambiri, popeza mizu yake imakhazikika. Pansi pa mphikawo pamafunika kuyikamo ngalande, zomwe zimayenera kukhala 1/3 ya thankiyo. Ngati mungakonde, gawo lapansi lingapangike ndi manja anu, chifukwa muyenera kuphatikiza mchenga wopaka ndi dothi louma (1: 2), kapena mutha kugula osakaniza a ma suppulents ndikusakaniza ndi makala. Musanayambe kubzala, gawo lapansi liyenera kukhala lonyowa. Pambuyo poika, maluwa sayenera kuthiriridwa kwa masiku angapo.
Maluwa stapelia
Maluwa atangoyamba kumene, maluwa onse m'chipindacho adzadziwa zambiri ndipo izi zidzachitika chifukwa cha kununkhira kwa duwa. Fungo lodabwitsa kwambiri la maluwa omwe akutuluka kuthengo ndilofunika kuti akope ntchentche zovomerezeka za banja la a Calliphoridae, omwe ndi tizilombo tambiri touluka. Chowonadi ndi chakuti kachilombo kamakonda kachilombo kameneka. Ntchentche zimayendetsa maluwa, ndikukonzanso mazira atagona. Komabe, munthu ayenera kudziwa kuti mtundu wa stapelia flavo-purpurea, yemwe kwawo ndi Namibia, uli ndi fungo labwino la sera. Koma fungo loipa lomwe limachokera ku duwa silimawopseza alimi, stapelia ndipo mpaka pano ali ndi mbiri yotchuka kwambiri. Kuti nyumbayo isamve fungo la zowola panthawi ya maluwa awa, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti isamutse kukhonde, vutoli lithe. Maluwa amakhala pafupifupi theka la mwezi.
Matenda ndi tizirombo ta stapelia
Mavuto onse omwe angabuke ndi maluwa awa amakhudzana ndi kusayenda kwamadzi mu gawo lapansi. Pankhaniyi, ndikofunikira kuthirira poyambira molondola. Ndipo pakati pa tizirombo, nsabwe za m'masamba, nthata za akangaude, komanso mealybugs imatha kukhazikika pamenepo. Kuti muwachotse, chitsamba chiyenera kuthandizidwa ndi mankhwala opha tizilombo, omwe angagulidwe m'sitolo yapadera. Ndizachilendo kuti stapelia, yomwe imamera kuthengo, imaletsa kwambiri tizirombo ndi matenda.
Stapelia sikuti pachimake
Zimachitika kuti msewu woterera sukutulutsa, ndipo izi zitha kuchitika pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana, mwachitsanzo: kusowa kwa kuwala, kutentha nyengo yachisanu, kuthilira kwambiri komanso kuthilira pafupipafupi, feteleza wosayenera, kuchuluka kapena kusowa kwa michere m'magawo. Kuti chomera chikule pafupipafupi, muyenera kutsatira malamulo angapo:
- Onetsetsani kuti duwa limakhala ndi kayendedwe koyenera: kumapeto kwa chilimwe ndi nthawi yotentha, kuthilira kuyenera kuchitika kamodzi theka la mwezi, pomwe pakati pawo gawo laling'onoting'ono limayenera kuuma kwathunthu, kuyambira mu Okutobala, kuchuluka kwa kuthirira kumayenera kuchepetsedwa kamodzi pakatha masabata anayi, ndipo mu Disembala-Januware Osamwa madzi konse.
- Nthawi yonse yopuma, mbewuyo ikhale m'chipinda chozizira.
- Simungathe kuwonjezera feteleza wambiri ku gawo lapansi, makamaka okhala ndi nayitrogeni.
- Dothi lodzala liyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamchenga loam.
- Chomera chimafuna kuyatsa kwabwino.
Ngati duwa lilibe kuwala kokwanira, kenako limatha kutembenukira chikasu m'munsi mwa tsinde. Pankhaniyi, tikulimbikitsidwa kudula mphukira ndikugwiritsa ntchito ngati odulidwa.
Kubalana kwa Stapelia
Kufalikira kwa Stapelia ndi odulidwa
Kudula zodula poyambira, gwiritsani ntchito mpeni wakuthwa, womwe uyenera kuyeretsedwa kaye. Magawo pa chitsamba cha chiberekero ndi pachikhatho ayenera owazidwa makala opera. Musanabzale phesi, liyenera kupukutidwa kwa maola angapo. Zitatha izi, ziyenera kubzalidwa munthaka yopangidwa ndi mchenga wowuma, momwe peat yabwino kwambiri yotsanulidwa iyenera kuwonjezeredwa. Pambuyo pozika mizu, chomera chikuyenera kuikidwa mumphika, m'mimba mwake mpaka 70 mm, chiyenera kudzazidwa ndi dothi losakanikirana, lomwe limaphatikizapo mchenga wowuma, tinthu tating'onoting'ono, komanso dothi lamasamba (1: 1: 1), makala ochepa ochepa amafunikirabe kuthiramo .
Kufalikira kwa mbulu wa mbewu
Pambuyo pokhwima zipatso zonse za duwali lopatsidwa ndikutha kutulutsa mbewu, ndipo izi sizichitika posachedwa ngakhale miyezi 12 itadutsa. Mbewu zikacha, zimafesedwa m'mbale zomwe zimadzazidwa ndi gawo lamchenga, lopepuka. Mbande zoyambirira zizioneka patatha masiku 20-30 mutabzala. Mtengo ukakula pang'onopang'ono, umafunika kuzikhomera m'miphika, m'mimba mwake kufika 60 mm ndikudzazidwa ndi dothi lomweli lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito pobzala mizu yodulidwa. Pambuyo pa miyezi 12, mbewu zazing'onoting'ono zimafunikira kuziika m'miphika, m'mimba mwake kufika 90-100 mm, chifukwa chaichi, njira yodutsa imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Ngati musankha njira yolimirayi, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti mbewu zomwe sizinakhwime sizitha kusunga mitundu ya mbewu za kholo.
Mitundu yotsatsira ndi zithunzi ndi mayina
Choyaka chooneka ngati nyenyezi (Stapelia asterias)
Chomera chodabwitsachi chimafikira kutalika pafupifupi 20 cm. Zimayambira ndizobiriwira kwambiri nthawi zambiri, komanso zimatha kukhala zofiira; ma denticles ang'onoang'ono amapezeka pamphepete pake. Pamaso pa maluwa ofiira ofiira pali timiyala tachikasu tating'ono, komanso utoto wakuda wa pinki. Maluwa amakhala pamiyala yayitali pamunsi pa mphukira zazing'ono. Mtunduwu umakhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana - yamtundu wa glossy: ulibe mikwaso yachikaso pamwamba pa maluwa.
Giant Stapelia (Stapelia gigantea)
Chokomachi ndi chomera chokhazikika chomwe chimayambira mwamphamvu, chotalika masentimita 20, ndi mainchesi atatu kudutsa. Pa mphukira pamakhala mbali zosalala komanso ochepa ma clove. Maluwa ndi akulu kwambiri, m'mimba mwake amatha kutalika pafupifupi 35 cm. Zikhala pamiyambo italiitali ndipo zitalizitali-tating'ono timiyala tachikasu tating'onoting'ono, timatsitsi tofiyira tambiri timene timakhala pamaso pawo, ndipo timtambo toyera tambiri m'mphepete. Kununkhira kwa maluwa oterowo sikosasangalatsa monga mitundu ina ya stapelia.
Stapelia tasgated, kapena variable (Stapelia variegata)
Kutalika kwa chomera chodabwitsachi ndi masentimita 10 okha. Mapulogalamuwa nthawi zambiri amakhala obiriwira, komanso ndi ofiira, ofiirira, okhala ndi mano. Maluwa amodzi kapena mpaka 5 atha kupezeka pamunsi pa zitsamba zazing'ono. Ma petals achikasu amakhala ndi mawonekedwe ovoid amalozera ku maupangiri. Mbali yawo yakunja ndiyosalala, ndipo kuchokera mkatimo amakhala ndi makina otakanika okhala ndi mawanga a asymmetric kapena mikwingwirima yakuda. Maluwa amawonedwa mchilimwe.
Stapelia ferruginous (Stapelia glanduliflora)
Kutalika kwa osatha ndi pafupifupi 15 sentimita. Makulidwe opindika molunjika ndi pafupifupi mamilimita 30; ali ndi nkhope za mawonekedwe a pterygoid, omwe adakutidwa ndi denticles yaying'ono. Pachitsamba, maluwa 1-3 amatuluka pamiyala italiitali, pamtundu wobiriwira wachikaso wokhala ndi mawonekedwe mbali zitatu, malo amtambo ndi pamiyala amakhala pamwamba pawo. M'mphepete, miyala yamtengo wapatali imakutidwa pang'ono ndikukhala ndi ville yoyera yayitali, ndipo nkhope zawo zimakutidwa ndi tsitsi lalikulu lopanda maonekedwe.
Chigoba chagolide wofiirira (Stapelia flavo-purpurea)
Kutalika kwa tchire kuli pafupifupi 10cm. Mtundu wa zimayambira, monga lamulo, ndiwobiriwira, komanso umatha kukhala wofiirira; ali ndi mbali zoyipa zomwe ma denticles amapezeka. Pamutu pa timitengo tating'onoting'ono, timaluwa tating'onoting'ono tambiri tating'onoting'ono tambiri, timatambala tathutili tating'ono, timalo tosanjikizika komanso mawonekedwe atatu, m'mphepete mwake timapinda. Kunja, duwa limakhala lachikaso ngati maliseche komanso losalala, ndipo kuchokera mkatimo - chikasu chagolide (nthawi zina burgundy) komanso makwinya. Duwa ili ndi fungo labwino la waxy.
Stapelia zazikuluzikulu (Stapelia grandiflora)
Munthawi yamuyaya iyi, zimayambira ndi zam'madzi, ndipo pankhope pawo pamakhala miyala yowuma. M'maluwa akuluakulu, mawonekedwe a mafeleali ndi lanceolate, kunjaku adapakidwa utoto wonyezimira, ndipo mkatikati amakhala burgundy, pamaso pawo pali tinsalu tatsitsi. Ma petals adawumbidwa m'mphepete, ndipo pa iwo pali pubescence mwanjira ya cilia. Maluwa amachitika nthawi yotentha. Fungo lamaluwa lili ngati fungo labwino la nyama.
Various stapelia (Stapelia mutabilis)
Chomera chosakanizidwa ichi chimakhala ndi mitengo yolimba, yotalika pafupifupi masentimita 15, imakhala ndi mano owongoka. Maluwa amaikidwa pazoyenda zazitali. Mawonekedwe amtundu wamtundu wachikasu ndimatumbo a ovate, m'mphepete mwa iwo ndiwoperewera. Alinso ndi nsonga za mtundu wa bulauni, wokutidwa ndi mikwingwirima ndi madontho.
