Sikuti aliyense amakhala ndi mwayi wokhala ku Mediterranean. Mtengo wa mkuyu umatchedwanso kuti mkuyu kapena mkuyu - kukulira nyumba kwakhala kukuchitika ku Europe kuyambira m'zaka za zana la 16. Phindu la zipatso, kuchulukitsidwa kwamasamba sikudalira malo olimidwa. Monga cholembera m'nyumba, chisamaliro choyenera, nkhuyu zimawoneka zokongoletsa ndikupereka zipatso kawiri pachaka.
Kukula kwa nkhuyu pawindo
Akakula kunyumba, nkhuyu zachikulire nthawi yotentha zimafunikira kuthirira ndi kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa. Ngati mbewuyo ilibe chinyezi chokwanira, imatha kuponya masamba nthawi iliyonse pachaka. Kupanga konyowa pang'ono mozungulira mtengo, palibe chifukwa choti kangaudeyu azivulaza - imodzi mwazilombo zazikulu zamaluwa pawindo.
Chomera chobadwa ku subtropics chawo chimafunikira kupereka nyengo yachisanu. Kuyambira Novembala mpaka Januware, nthawi yokhala mkuyu imapangidwa kuti mtengo wamkuyu ukhale. Imakonzedwa m'malo owala, ozizira ndi kutentha m'munsi mwa +15 degrees. Mtengowu sufuna kudyetsa kowonjezereka, kudyetsa panthawiyi.
Ngati mtengo sugona, kuthirira kumachepetsedwa, kuti masamba agwe. Thirani nthaka ndi madzi ozizira pang'ono pa kutentha kwa madigiri 18.
Thirirani mbewuyo pang'ono kuti dothi lisaume. Pamene masamba adayamba kutupira, kuwunika, kuthirira, ndi kuvala kwapamwamba kunalifunika. Ndikofunikira kuti pakhale nyengo yoti masamba azomera msanga. Zilimidwe ziwiri pa nyengo ikhoza kukololedwa bwino ndi nkhuyu kunyumba. Koyamba mtengo wa mkuyu ukutulutsa mu Marichi, kubala zipatso mu June. Zipatso zotsatirazi zipsa kumayambiriro kwa Ogasiti mpaka kumapeto kwa Seputembara. M'nyengo yotentha, mitengo ikhoza kudulidwamo m'nthaka, imakhala bwino, koma kugwa kumafunika poto yayikulu.
Chizindikiro cha kupsa kwa zipatso ndi kufewetsa kwawo ndi kudzipatula kwa maso a timadzi tokoma. Kucha kumatenga milungu iwiri.
Kubzala mtengo wa mkuyu wobala zipatso pawindo
Kodi mungalime bwanji nkhuyu kunyumba? Njira zingapo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito:
- kukolola kudula, kupempha nthambi kuchokera kwa abwenzi abwino;
- gulani mmera m'masitolo apadera;
- gwiritsani ntchito mbeu.
Mulimonsemo, chinthu choyamba chomwe chofunikira ndikusankha mbale ndi gawo lapansi. Nthaka imakonzedwa kuchokera pazofanana zofanizira, zophatikizika:
- tsamba humus;
- dziko la turf;
- peat;
- mchenga wamtsinje, phulusa lamatabwa.
Dongo lokulitsidwa limayikidwa pansi pa mbale. Thirani pamchenga. Ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito sphagnum moss pamtunda kuti tiletse chinyezi.
Zosakaniza za nkhuyu poyamba zimasankhidwa zazing'ono, koma kwa zaka 5, mbewu zazing'ono zimasinthidwa chaka chilichonse. Muyenera kudziwa kuti mizu yomwe ili mumphika imakhala momasuka, maluwa amatopa. Mtengo wachikulire umasowa malita 8 a gawo lapansi. Mtengo wa mkuyu umakhala zaka 30.
Kukula nkhuyu kunyumba kuchokera kudulidwe ndiyo njira yothandiza kwambiri, pokhalabe ndi makolo. Zodulidwazo zimatengedwa kuchokera ku mitengo yobala zipatso. Mitundu yotsatirayi imawerengedwa kuti ndiyo yomwe imagwirizana kwambiri ndi kukula kwa chipinda:
- Shuisky;
- Dalmatia
- White Adriatic;
- Sochi -7;
- Ngale yakuda;
- Kadata;
- Ogloblin mmera.
Zodulidwa zimasankhidwa ndi impso za 3-4, ndi zodula m'munsi 2 cm pansi pa diso, ndi chapamwamba 1 cm. Pa gawo lakuzika, khungwa liyenera kuduladulidwa ndi mizera yayitali kupita ku cambium, izi zimathandizira kupangidwa kwamizu. Thirani gawo lokonzekereratu mu kapu yosakanikirana ndi sphagnum, pukutani ndikumiza phesi mu impso yachiwiri. Pre-kuchitira phesi ndi muzu kapena heteroauxin.
Pa mapangidwe timizu, timaphimba pamwamba kuchokera pamwamba ndi kapu ya PET, ndikuyiyika pang'onopang'ono, gwiritsani ntchito zowunikira mpaka maola 12. Timawona momwe nkhuyu zimamera. Pambuyo pa masabata 2-3, masamba oyamba adzawoneka, ndikofunikira kuchita mpweya wabwino, kuzolowera masamba kumlengalenga, ndikuthira pansi ndi madzi ofunda.
Chomera chikazolowera mpweya wozungulira, chimasunthidwa mosamala mumphika wa lita ndi gawo lapansi. Masabata awiri mutabzala, mtengo wa mkuyu umadyetsedwa ndi feteleza wa nayitrogeni kapena kapangidwe kazomera zamkati.
Mbewu za nkhuyu ndizochepa, zinthu zomwe zimabzala sizikhala zolandira nthawi zonse, zonse siziphuka. Koma zimachitika, kupatula mbewu, kunyumba, palibe chomwe mungatulutse nkhuyu. Mbewuzo zimazika munthaka ndi masentimita awiri ndi atatu, dothi limakhala lonyowa nthawi zonse, miphika imaphimbidwa kuchokera kutuluka kwa chinyontho, ndipo pambuyo pa masabata a 2-4 zikumera, zomwe zimaloledwa kukula, ndikuzika m'makanyo osiyana. Pang'onopang'ono pakusintha miphika, mbande zakula kwa zaka 4-5, musanayambe maluwa. Pofika nthawi imeneyi, mtengowo uyenera kukhala ndi mbale zazikulu, makamaka bokosi lamatabwa lomwe lili ndi chidebe cha nthaka yachonde. Kodi nkhuyu zibala zipatso, nthawi idzafika. Koma popanda zipatso, mtengowu ndiwopatsa chidwi kwambiri ndipo udzakhala zaka 30.
Zomera za nkhuyu
Nthawi yakula, mbewu yomwe ikukula komanso yachikulire imafunikira kudyetsedwa feteleza wachilengedwe komanso michere. Kamodzi pa masabata awiri aliwonse osinthika. Mtengo wa mkuyu umalandira bwino ma mullein ndikuwotchera kulowetsedwa kwa zitsamba - nettle, dandelion, Woodlice. Kamodzi pa nyengo, muyenera kupatsa mbewu chitsulo sulfate ndi kapangidwe kake kovuta ndi zinthu zina. Feteleza wa potashi ndi phosphorous amafunikira. Zitha kupangidwira mosadalira ma sache, poyikamo zodyetsa mbande za mbewu za mumsewu.
Kuteteza Tizilombo ndi Matenda
Kuchokera ku tizirombo touluka, muyenera kuteteza mtengowo kuchokera pa kangaude, kapenanso kuchita mankhwalawa awiri pa sabata limodzi ndi mankhwala a Actellic. Popanda umagwirira, kuthana ndi tizilombo ndizovuta.
Matenda ofala a nkhuyu ndi amodzi. Chizindikiro cha matenda ndi kuoneka ngati kakhonje pamiyala pa tsinde. Madera onse okhala ndi mphukira wakhudzidwa ayenera kuchotsedwa. Magawo amathandizidwa ndi kukonzekera komwe kuli mkuwa, ndipo kutsirira kumachitika ndi njira ya pinki ya potaziyamu permanganate.
