Kubzala kwa Fenceia ndi kusamalira kutchire Kulima kunyumba zithunzi za mitundu

Kulima ndi kusamalira kunja kwa Freesia

Freesia kapena Freesia (lat. Freesia) ndi mbewu yobisika ya banja la Kasatikovy (Iris). Dzinali limaperekedwa polemekeza F. Frieze - dotolo waku Germany, katswiri wazomera. Chifukwa cha kununkhira kosangalatsa kwa inflorescence, freesia amatchedwanso Cape kakombo wa chigwa. Duwa lomwe kubadwirako ndi ku South Africa, komwe amakakonda malo pakati pa zitsamba ndi m'mphepete mwa chonyowa.

Freesia ndi wotchuka kwambiri muulimi komanso ngati kudula mbewu.

Kutalika kwa mtengowo kuli pafupifupi mita 1. Masamba a masamba ndi xiphoid, kutalika kwa 15-20 cm ndi 1-1,5 cm.1.Chifuko chokhala ndi maluwa chimakhala chopanda kanthu, choonda, komanso chowongoka. Pamwambapa atavala korona wokhala ndi mawonekedwe owoneka ngati mlengalenga, wopangidwa ndi maluwa atatu kapena atatu. Dawo la corolla ndi masentimita 3-5. Utoto wake ndiwopepuka (woyera-matalala, kirimu, pinki, wofiira, wachikasu, lalanje, wabuluu, ndi zina zambiri). Amatha kukhala osavuta (mzere umodzi wa pamiyala) ndi terry (mizere iwiri ya petals).

Chifukwa chomwe freesia ndi yabwino:

Phwando laukwati la ukwati wa freesia

Freesia inflorescences adzakhala gawo labwino kwambiri la maluwa, ali otchuka kwambiri mu nyimbo zaukwati;
Maluwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mafuta onunkhira;
Odziwika kwambiri pakupanga mawonekedwe, adzakongoletsanso wowonjezera kutentha, windowsill;
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya utoto wofiira wachikasu imadziwika ndi mitengo yomwe ikukula msanga.

Pamene freesia limamasula

Mukadzala poyera, masamba oyamba amapezeka kumapeto kwa Julayi-koyambirira kwa Ogasiti, ndipo maluwa amayamba kumapeto kwa mwezi. Chotsani ziphuphu zapanthawi yake kuti muchotse mphamvu pazomera. Maluwa amatenga miyezi 1.5-2.

Mutha kubzala kwa distillation.

Kukula freesia kuchokera ku mbewu kunyumba

Chithunzi cha mbewu za Fenceia

Mbewu za Fenceia zimabzalidwa m'March. Amakwiriridwa m'madzi ofunda kwa maola 8-12.
Ikani dongo labwino kwambiri pansi pa thankiyo. Kenako tsanulirani dothi losakaniza michere (mchenga, peat ndi humus mulingo wofanana) kapena gwiritsani ntchito gawo lapansi la anyezi.
Mbewu pafupi kwambiri, mpaka 1 cm.
Phimbani pamwamba pamtsuko ndi galasi kapena filimu yotsamira, ndipo kumbukirani kupuma mpweya tsiku ndi tsiku kuti muchotsere bwino.
Sungani kutentha kwa mpweya pa 20-25 ° C.
Sungani chinyezi m'nthaka mwa kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa.
Nthambi zoyamba ziziwoneka pafupifupi masiku 10. Chotsani pang'onopang'ono pang'onopang'ono mwezi umodzi.

Chithunzi cha nthangala za Fenceia

Kumayambiriro kwa Meyi, masamba obiriwira adzadzaza chidebe chonse. M'pofunika kuwabzala. Tengani chidebe chachikulu, dzalani mbewu patali pafupifupi 5 cm kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake. Samalani - mphukira zake zimakhala zowoneka bwino komanso zosalimba.

Mutha kupita ndi chimbudzi kupita kukhonde, koma mutchinjirize ku mphepo yolimba. Bwererani kuchipindako mpweya utangotsika mpaka 10 ° C. Patani kuthirira nthawi zonse nthawi yonse;

Kuzungulira mwezi wa February ,yembekezerani maluwa oyamba. Mu Ogasiti, kukuta anyezi kuti uwume, mu Okutobala angabzalidwe kuti atulutsidwe.

Mababu a freesia

Chithunzi cha Fenceia mababu

Kumayambiriro kwa maluwa, mababu amayamba kudziunjikira mphamvu, panthawiyi mababu anyezi amapangidwa mozungulira iwo, babuwo amakabadwanso. Kuchirikiza njirayi, musaiwale kuchotsa inflorescence zowonongeka.

Atamasulira kwa masiku pafupifupi 7, chomeracho chimayenera kukhala pansi, kenako kukumba ndikusiyanitsa mababu a mwana wamkazi.
Bzalani kuti zikule pamalowo.
M'chaka choyamba, iwo sadzaphuka: m'dzinja, kukuta anyezi masamba asanafota, nadzatsuka, kununkhira (gwiritsani 2% ndende mu solution ya foundationazol kwa mphindi 30), youma ndi sitolo.

M'malo mchipinda, zonse zimachitika chimodzimodzi (pongokulira, dzalanani m'mbale).

Kulima kwa kunja kwa freesia

Kukula freesia poyera chithunzi m'munda

Ophunzira amalima freesia chaka chonse, kukula m'malo obiriwira kapena m'malo obisalamo. Tiona momwe tingakulire maluwa poyera komanso pazenera (mkati mwa freesias pachilimwe).

Zomwe zimapangitsa kukula kwa freesia:

Zomera zimafunikira masana maola maola 12-14. Kuchokera pakuwonekera pakulowera dzuwa, mthunzi, mawonekedwe owala pang'ono ndizotheka.
Onetsetsani kuti mwateteza pazokonzekera.
Ma peduncle osalimba angafunike kuthandizidwa (makamaka mitundu yosweka ya freesia).
Nthaka imafuna dothi lotayirira, lotakidwa bwino, mavutowo ndi osalowerera kapena acidic pang'ono. Kusakaniza kwa mitundu yofanana ya humus, sod, nthaka yamasamba ndikoyenera.
Zomera zazing'onoting'ono zazing'onoting'ono zokha zomwe zimabzala bwino, zimabzalidwe bwino, komanso zopendekeka ndikufalikira - momasuka.
Kuti maluwa akhale ochulukirapo komanso okhalitsa, pamafunika kutentha kwa 22 ° C.
Ngati nyengo yatentha kwambiri / kuzizira, maluwawo amakhala opunduka, masamba opanda kanthu amakula.
Ma inflorescence amatha kudulidwa pomwe masamba 2 atamasulidwa.
Dulani masamba mukangoyamba kumera, kuti mbewuyo isawononge mphamvu pa chakudya chawo.
Khalani ndi chinyezi chambiri. Mukapopera mbewu, pewani kuponya madzi pamaluwa ndi maluwa. Ndikofunika kuchita njirayi madzulo.

Kubzala ndi Kusamalira Mitengo Yapanja

Kubzala freesia kasupe m'nthaka Kukula freesia kuchokera mababu Momwe mungabzalire freesia kasupe

Mukadzala freesia masika

Mababu amabzalidwa pamalo otseguka ndikukhazikitsidwa kwa kutentha kowona, pomwe chiwopsezo chobwerera usiku chisanu chikutha (pafupifupi 10 Meyi). Pangani mabowo, kukulitsa mababuwo ndi masentimita 3-6. Pakati pazomera zomwezo, sungani mtunda wa 3 cm kwa mababu ang'onoang'ono ndi 5 cm kwa zazikulu. Kutalika kwa mlengalenga kudzafunika mtunda wa 15 cm.

Mutabzala, sansani pamtunda ndikuphimba ndi mulch (peat, coniffort lapansi) kuteteza mababu kuti asatenthe kwambiri.

Momwe mungadyetse

Chomera chimafuna kudya panthawi yake komanso chokhazikika. Zikamera zikamera, onjezerani njira ya ammonium nitrate (2 g ya feteleza pa madzi okwanira 1 litre). Kenako idyetsani masiku 15 aliwonse ndi superphosphate ndi mchere wa potaziyamu (4 g ndi 2 g, motero, pa 1 lita imodzi yamadzi).

Mumasuleni dothi pafupipafupi (samalani kuti musawononge mababu), chotsani namsongole. Makamaka njirazi ndizofunikira kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yakukula.

Momwe mungamwere

Momwe mungasungire madzi freesia

Onani dongosolo linalake lothirira. Panthawi yogwira ntchito, kuthirirani madzi, kusunga dothi lonyowa pang'ono. Pambuyo maluwa, kuthirira kumachepetsedwa nthawi iliyonse, pofika mababu atakumbidwa (koyambirira kwa Okutobala), iyenera kuyimitsidwa kwathunthu.

Komanso, mbewuyo imafunika kupopera mphukira ndi masamba. Chitani njirayi madzulo, koma chinyezi chimayenera kuyamwa dzuwa lisanalo.

Matenda ndi Tizilombo

Popewa matenda, onetsetsani kuti mwanyamula mababu mu njira yofooka ya potaziyamu pambuyo pokumba komanso nthawi yotsatira mutadzala. Komanso madzi molondola: nthaka siyiyenera kukhala youma, koma osalolera chinyezi.

Matenda: nkhanambo, zowola zosiyanasiyana, fusarium. Zomera zophatikizidwa ziyenera kukumbidwa ndikuchotsa.

Tizilombo: kangaude, nsabwe, nsabwe. Kuchitira ndi mankhwala.

Kulimidwa kwa Fenceia ndi chisamaliro kunyumba

Kukakamiza freesia kunyumba chithunzi

M'nyumba, freesia imamera chifukwa chamaluwa m'nyengo yozizira komanso koyambirira kwa nyengo yamasika: mu nyengo yodabwitsayi, inflorescence imawoneka yochititsa chidwi, yopanda ulemu.

Kuti pachimake mu Januwale, kubzala mababu kumachitika mozungulira October. Mutha kubzala freesia mumphika kasupe, maluwa atha kupezedwa miyezi 3 mutabzala. Kubzala zinthu zisanafike, gwiritsani ntchito yankho la azotobacterin (0,5 g wa chinthu 1 lita imodzi), kumiza kwa mphindi 30. Pochita, amawathandizanso kuthandizira pakukula (epin, rootin).

Kubzala freesia kasupe mumphika

Pakubzala, mudzafunika miphika yokhala ndi mainchesi osachepera 15. Onetsetsani kuti mwayika pansi dothi labwino (dongo lokwera, miyala, nsapato zadothi), ikani makala pamwamba. Kusakaniza kwa dothi: Magawo awiri a dothi lamtambo, gawo limodzi la mchenga ndi dothi la humus, sakanizani gawo la feteleza wa phosphorous-potaziyamu wosakaniza. Kufikira mababu 6 obzalidwa mumtundu umodzi, ndikukulitsa masentimita 5-6. Mutabzala, ikani pansi pazowunikira zosasungika, sungani kutentha kwa mulingo wa 10-15 ° C, sikufunika kuthiriridwa - dikirani kuti mawonedwe a masamba asamba. Zitachitika izi, kuthirira kumayamba, kutentha kwa mpweya kuyenera kukwezedwa mpaka 20-22 ° C.

Kukula freesia mu chipinda zinthu ndi kosavuta kuposa poyera, ndipo ngakhale mu greenhouse.

Kufalikira freesia mu mphika chithunzi

Ndikofunikira kuti pakhale nyengo yabwino:

Mu nthawi yophukira-yozizira, nthawi yamasana ndiyifupi, ndipo chomera chimafunikira kuunikira kwa maola 12 patsiku. Ikani chidebe ndi chomera pazenera zakum'mawa kapena chakumadzulo, gwiritsani ntchito kuyatsa kwapadera (nyali za fluorescent).
Pansi pa kulemera kwa inflorescence yotsika, zimayambira zimatha kuvulazidwa - zomangirirani ku chithandizo munthawi yake.
Madzi ngati dothi ladzaza. Pa maluwa, madzi ochulukirapo. Gwiritsani ntchito madzi osungunuka (Sungunulani, mvula, osasankhidwa kapena madzi wamba apampopi, omwe amakungidwa kwa kanthawi kochepa).
Pakukonza makina otenthetsera, mpweya mu chipindacho umakwiriridwa. Kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa masamba ndi mphukira pafupipafupi kudzafunika. Mukayikidwa m'chipinda chozizirirapo (loggia, khonde lokometsedwa), izi sizofunika.
Kawiri pamwezi, kudyetsa ndi feteleza wovuta wa mchere (pitilizani mpaka pepalalo litafa kwathunthu).

Fenceia pambuyo maluwa

Mukadzakula kunyumba:

Pambuyo pophuka maluwa amapitilira kuthanso miyezi 1-1,5.
Kenako kukumba, kudula masamba ndi zimayambira, kuthira mababu ndi yankho la potaziyamu permanganate kapena kukonzekera kwina kwa fungicidal, kowuma mu chipinda chotentha (25-28 ° C) kwa masiku angapo.
Sanjani (chotsani mababu owonongeka ndi owola) ndi sitolo.

Mukamakula poyera:

Kodi kukumba freesia ndi momwe mungasungire mababu

Maluwa amatha kumapeto kwa Seputembara komanso kumayambiriro kwa Okutobala. Pukuta pomwe masamba achikasu atuluka. Zochita zina ndizofanana ndi zomwe tafotokozazi.

Ngati madera anu ali ndi nyengo yofunda, simungathe kukumba mababu - ingophimbani ndi masamba owuma ndi nthambi za spruce.

Kusunga Bulb

Ndikofunika kusunga corms mu gridi mu limbo. Kutentha kwa mpweya kuyenera kukhala 20-25 ° C, chinyezi - 70-80%. Kusungitsa chinyezi chofunikira, chidebe chamadzi chimayikidwa pansi pa gridi. Sabata 4 zilizonse, yang'anani mababu, kutaya odwala ndi ovunda. Mwezi usanabzike mababu, sinthani kumalo ozizira - 10-15 ° C.

Mababu amatha kusungidwa mu peat youma.

Mitundu ndi mitundu ya freesia yokhala ndi zithunzi ndi mayina

Fenceia Armstrong Fenceia armstrongii

Kutalika kwa mtengowo ndi 65-70 cm. inflorescence imakhala ndi maluwa osalala a 3-5 amtundu wofiirira, wofiira kapena wapinki.

Mitundu yolemekezeka kwambiri yamtunduwu ndi Cardinal (Freesia armstrongii Kardinal) - babu imodzi imapereka miyendo itatu kutalika kwa 35 cm, iliyonse kumathero kwamantha inflorescence (9-11 corollas). Mtundu wa ma phale ndi wakuda bii, pakati ndi pomwe pali malo achikasu, stamens ndi achikaso, pistil ndi ya buluu, ma anthers ndi a papo.

Fenceia wosakanizidwa Freeia hybrida

Chitsamba chokhazikitsidwa bwino mita 1. Kutalika kwake kumatha kukhala monophonic: chikasu, rasipiberi, violet kapena kuphatikiza mithunzi ingapo.

Zosiyanasiyana:

Fenceia wosakanizidwa Ballerina Fenceia wosakanizidwa Balerina

Ballerina (Freesia hybrida Balerina) - ma petals okhala ndi matalala, oyera-oyera, kachidutswa kakang'ono ka chikasu kumunsi kwa corolla. Pamwamba pa peduncle 25-30 cm kutalika kovala korona ndi maluwa pafupifupi 12.

Freesia wosakanizidwa kalasi Bruce Frye

Rose Marie (Freesia hybrida Rose Mary) ndi chipinda chachitali chotalika masentimita 20-25. Mu inflorescence imodzi pali pafupifupi corollas 7 ya wolemera rasipiberi.

Pimperina (Freesia hybrida Pimpernel) - kutalika kwa peduncle kumafika masentimita 20. inflorescence imakhala ndi corollas 7. Ma petals ofiira okhala ndi m'mphepete mwamthunzi wakuda, wokhala ndi mawonekedwe ochepa, gawo lotsika la corolla limakongoletsedwa ndi mithunzi yachikaso.

Chithunzi cha Freesia Hybrid single Pink single Pink chithunzi

Orange Favorite (Freesia hybrida Favorite) - kutalika kwa mtengowo ndi masentimita 40-50. Maluwa ndi lalanje owala ndi utoto wokhala ndi pharynx (yamdima).

Fenceia wosakanizidwa Wotentha Wopinki Wapinki

Helsinki (Freesia hybrida Helsinky) ali ndi utoto wosangalatsa. Perianth ili ndi utoto wofiirira, kusandulika kukhala kamvekedwe ka lilac. Mbale yam'munsi ya petal imakongoletsedwa ndi kachidutswa kachikasu, pharynx imakongoletsedwa ndi mikwingwirima ya mtundu womwewo.

Freesia Royal Blue Freesia hybrida Royale Blue

Royal Blue (Freesia hybrida Royale Blue) - mtunda wokwera kwambiri (mpaka 70 cm) wopukutidwa ndi ziphuphu zazikulu za buluu wamtambo.

Fenceia oyera amakhalanso wokonzanso kapena wosweka Freeia Refracta

Chomera chaching'ono chotalika kuposa masentimita 40. Mapesi ndi oonda, otumphukira. Mtundu wa inflorescence umakhala ndi 2-5 corollas a oyera kapena achikasu a lalanje.

Zosiyanasiyana:

Fenceia Alba Freesia Refracta var. chithunzi cha alba

Alba (Freesia Refracta var. Alba) ndi duwa loyera chipale chofewa ndi pharynx wachikasu ndi mikwingwirima yofiirira.

Zonunkhira (Freesia Refracta odorata) - inflorescence imakhala ndi ma corollas apakati pa 3-7, maziko a corolla amakongoletsedwa ndi malalanje. Fungo lamphamvu.