Ndani wa ife amene samakonda mbatata zokoma zomwe zidamera patsamba lathu lokha? Pakadali pano, obereketsa akufuna mitundu yoposa 2,000 ya mbatata, koma kuti apeze mbewu yayitali komanso yathanzi onse amafunika kutetezedwa ku tizirombo ndi matenda. Kufikira izi, akatswiri apanga mankhwala osokoneza bongo, ogwiritsira ntchito omwe amachepetsa kuwonongeka kwachikhalidwechi ndi tizirombo ndikuloleza kuwonjezera zochuluka pakukolola. Kukonzekera kumawonjezera luso lawo ngati mutsatira malamulo ena mukamakonza mbatata zam'madzi zodzala.
MbatataKuchokera kwa mbewu yoipa sayembekeza kukolola
Popewa zolakwika (makamaka kwa wamaluwa oyambira), muyenera kutsatira malamulo angapo:
- musabzalemo zotsalira za mbatata zosagwiritsidwa ntchito munthawi yachisanu;
- Osabzala mitundu yosiyanasiyana;
- Osabzala zipatso za mbatata zomwe sizinachitike.
Kunyumba, ndizabwino kwambiri kubzala mbatata zoyambirira, zapakatikati, komanso zapakatikati, mitundu yomwe imapereka zokolola pa 80-90, 100-115, ndi masiku 115-125 mutabzala. Mitundu yotere imatha kupanga mbewu m'maderawo nthawi yofunda.
Malamulo ogulira zinthu zodzala
Ogwira ntchito zamaluwa modekha amakonzekera kudzala zinthu, ndikuwonetsa kwambiri tsogolo lakubzala mbatata zamitundu mitundu yomwe mukufuna.
Kwa oyamba kumene, ndikwabwino kugula mbatata zodzala, kutsatira malamulo angapo oyambira:
- Osagula zinthu zobzala paliponse panokha;
- gulani zinthu zodzala m'makampani apadera kapena m'mafamu omwe akuchita ntchito yolima mbewu;
- gulani mitundu yosankhidwa, kupatsa chidwi mitundu yomwe imadziwika pakati pa alimi a mbatata.
Mtundu uliwonse wa mbatata nthawi zonse umakhala limodzi ndi mafotokozedwe achidule. Mafamu ambewu ali ndi zolemba zamitundu mitundu. Mtundu uliwonse umadziwika ndi zizindikilo zakunja: malo, kukula kwake ndi mawonekedwe a maso, khungu, mawonekedwe a tubers, kukula kwawo. Ngati zizindikiro za mbatata za mbewu zogulidwa zikusiyana, zikutanthauza kuti mitundu yosiyanasiyana yafika pamsika.
Mbatata yambewuKodi ndi mazira ati omwe amasankhidwa kuti abzalidwe?
Zogula zodulidwa kunyumba zimakhazikitsidwa nthawi yomweyo. Odwala, owonongeka, osagwirizana ndi mawonekedwe a mitundu amakanidwa. Ma tubers athanzi amasanjidwa ndi kulemera yaying'ono, sing'anga ndi lalikulu ma tubers, osankhidwa kulemera kwa 30-50 g, 50-80 g ndi oposa 80-100 g. Zinthu zosanjidwa zimabzalidwa mosiyana, kumene, mutabzala moyenerera. Njirayi imapereka mbande zofananira ndipo imathandizira kusamalira mbewu.
Kukonzekera mbatata za mbatata chifukwa chodzala
Yodzala ndi zipatso
Ndikakonzekera payokha pakubzala, ma tubers amabzalidwa mutangokolola. Mbatata zimayikidwa mumthunzi wopanda pake kwa masiku 10-12. Mu tubers, solanine mitundu, yomwe imapatsa mbatata mtundu wamtundu wobiriwira. Solanine amathandizira kuteteza bwino ma tubers ndipo atabzalidwa, sakhala pangozi yotenga kachilombo ka bowa ndi mabakiteriya, omwe sawonongeka ndi tizirombo.
Kukhazikitsa mbatata za mbatata
Chapakatikati, kubzala zinthu kumayeretsedwa ndi kuwala pang'ono. Kusanthula kwa ma tubers musanadzale kumathandizira kukhazikitsidwa kwa mizu ndi mizu yosakhazikika mu mbatata, kufupikitsa nyengo yonse yomwe ikula, komanso kumakulitsa kukana kwa mbewu ku masoka a nyengo (mwachitsanzo, kuyambika kwa madera ozizira kumadera ozizira).
Kubala wamba vernalization (kumera m'kuwala) kumatenga masiku 20-30. Masiku 8-10 8-10, mbatata zimayatsidwa pang'ono ndi kutentha pa + 16 ... + 18 * C. Kenako matenthedwe amasintha pang'onopang'ono kukhala + 4 ... + 6 * C (sabata lisanatsike). Kutsika pang'onopang'ono kutentha kumathandizira kuumitsa ma tubers. Ngati kufalikira kumachitika m'chipinda chouma, tubers timathiridwa madzi mwadongosolo ndikutembenuka.
Njira yophunzitsira vernalization zimatengera kuchuluka kwa zinthu zobzala. Poyikidwa pang'ono pabedi pamazenera am'madzi, mum'bale zamapulasitiki, m'matumba ang'onoang'ono (monga mphesa). Mbatata zazikulu ndi maso zimagawika m'magawo angapo ndipo kuumitsa sabata yatha kumachitika m'munsi mwa firiji.
Ndi zochulukirapo, ma tubers (makamaka mbatata zoyambirira) amachilongedza pamashelefu, zofunda zofunda, m'mabasiketi, mabokosi okhala ndi pansi. Mzere uliwonse wa mbatata umakutidwa ndi wosanjikiza wa 2-3 cm peat kapena utuchi. M'mbale zofunikira kwambiri, mbatata za kumera zimayikidwa mu zigawo 4-5. Kutentha kwa chipindacho kuyenera kusinthasintha pakati pa + 13 ... + 15 * C kwa masiku pafupifupi 7-10. Pang'onopang'ono, kutentha kumachepetsedwa, ndipo atatha masiku 14-16 tubers obzalidwa.
Vernalization mumdima
Mutha kuperekanso njira ina yotithandizira kukolola - kudzala ma tubers okhala ndi mizu pakumera. Kulandila kumawonjezera kukula kwa stolons ndi kuchuluka kwa ma tubers pa iwo. Zimasiyana ndi mtundu wam'mbuyomu kuti kumera kwa mizu ndi mizu yophukira kumachitika mumdima osapeza kuwala. Matanki okhala ndi zinthu zobzala adakutidwa ndi filimu ya opaque. Zakonzedwa zokonzekera ndi ma tubers nthawi zina zimasungunuka ndi michere yothana ndi zovuta zochepa, kupewa kuyanika. Mizu imapangidwa pa mphukira m'masiku 8-10, ndipo kutalika kwake kukafika 1.5-2.0 masentimita, tubers amabzalidwa m'malo okhazikika m'malo otseguka.
Kumwaza mbatata musanabzikeKuteteza mbatata tubers
Mizu yobzalidwa imayamba kuwonongeka ndi tizirombo m'nthaka nthawi yomweyo mutabzala (wireworm, chimbalangondo, kachilomboka ka Colorado mbatata). Akatswiri a kampani ya Technoexport apanga mtundu wosintha wa mankhwala ophera tizilombo - "Commander +", wopangidwa makamaka pochiza tubers. Kwambiri zimachitika pa preplant mankhwala a utakula tubers. Mankhwala "Commander +" ndi zovuta za zinthu ziwiri zogwira ntchito: zokhudza zonse tizilombo "Commander" ndi othandizira kukula "Energen Aqua". The Commander akuphatikiza imidacloprid kuchokera ku gulu la chikonga, zomwe zimagwira ntchito zodzitetezera zachilengedwe motsutsana ndi tizirombo ndipo nthawi yomweyo zimasowa phytotoxicity. Imidacloprid (organic poizoni) amakhudza dongosolo lamanjenje la tizilombo. Munthawi yochepa kwambiri, amafa chifukwa cha zilema zomwe sizingasinthe. Tisaiwale kuti limagwirira ntchito poizoni mu tizirombo kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala siwowonjezera. Commander + amamasulidwa mu tandem ndi othandizira kukula aEligen Aqua. Omalizirawo amatanthauza zothandizira zachilengedwe. Amakhala ndi potaziyamu amchere a humic acid, imapangidwa ndi kufufuza zinthu mu mawonekedwe a chelated, yomwe imapezeka kwambiri kuzomera. Energen Aqua amalimbikitsa kukhazikika kwachikhalidwe ndipo, akamagwiritsa ntchito limodzi, amachepetsa kupsinjika kwa mbewu zamamakanidwe opangira mbewu.
Chenjezo popewa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timapatsidwa gulu lachitatu loopsa kwa anthu (loopsa kwa anthu), losakhala lotetezeka ku nyama ndi njuchi. Chifukwa chake, mukamagwira ntchito ndi Commander + wa mankhwala, zotetezera zanu ndizofunikira:
- gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala (kukonza yankho, kukonza ma tubers, ndi zina zotere) nthawi zonse zizikhala zovala zotsekedwa, chigoba chachipatala, chovala kumutu, magalasi, magolovesi ndi nsapato;
- mukamagwira ntchito ndi mankhwala omwe simungathe kudya, kumwa, kusuta;
- mukamaliza ntchito, sinthani zovala, tsukani pakamwa panu, kusamba kapena kusamba ndi sopo malo onse otseguka a thupi.
Pokonzekera yankho la mankhwalawa, gwiritsani ntchito mbale zosiyana. Konzani yankho nthawi yomweyo musanagwiritse ntchito. Thirani njira yotsalayi mu mbale yapadera ndikuwononga m'malo otetezeka osagwiritsa ntchito malo osungirako kapena malo omwe angathandizidwe.
Zothandiza pa mankhwala a Commander +
- Simalowa mu mbewu yopangidwa.
- Zachuma kugwiritsa ntchito, zotsika mtengo.
- Kuwononga mitundu yambiri ya tizirombo ta dothi (kachilomboka ka Colorado mbatata, wireworm, chimbalangondo).
- Sichikuphatikizira mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
- Kusintha tubers musanadzalemo ndi Commander + kumathandizira kupanga mbatata yam'mbuyomu.
- Kuteteza tubers pa mankhwala ndi mankhwala kumatenga masiku opitilira 50.
- Imakulitsa chitetezo chomera, chomwe chimangoletsa kupewa tizirombo, komanso kuteteza kumatenda angapo.
- Potaziyamu amchere a humic acid ndi kufufuza zinthu zimathandizira kumera kwa tubers ndipo nthawi yomweyo kuletsa kudzikundikira kwa nitrate mwa iwo.
Ngati ndi kotheka (nthawi zambiri pamatope omwe atha), kuphukira kwa mbatata ndi chithandizo cha Comandor + kumaphatikizidwa ndi chithandizo cha feteleza wa Agricola wa mbatata, Agricola Vegeta kapena madzi osungunuka a Kristallin, Effekton ndi ena.
Mankhwala "Commander +"Kukonzekera kwa yankho la mankhwalawa
Choyamba, 25 ml ya Energen Aqua imawonjezeredwa ndi madzi okwanira 1 litre ndipo yankho lake limaphatikizidwa. Kenako, 25 ml ya Commander kukonzekera kumawonjezeredwa ndi zosakaniza zomwe zimadza. Sakanizaninso ndi kutsanulira njira yothira mu sprayer.
Mtundu wosinthidwa wa Commander + kukonzekera kophatikizidwa ndi Energen Aqua ndiwachuma kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito. Phukusi limodzi ndikokwanira kukonza makilogalamu 100 a zinthu zobzala, zopangidwira magawo mazana atatu a munda. Chithandizo cha tubers chimachitika ndi kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kwa maola 3-4 musanabzike pamalo osankhidwa. Tubers timabalalika zinyalala ndipo, kutembenuka mosalekeza, kufafaniza mbali zonse. Mizu yophukira imayikidwa mu mzere mufilimu, kukonzedwa ndikusiyidwa mpaka kukonzekera kumira.
Njira yokonza mankhwala "Commander +" ndi kayendedwe ka mbatata musanabzikeZambiri pamakonzedwe a Komandor + omwe aperekedwa pano ndi mankhwala ena omwe amathandizira kupeza mbewu yathanzi kale kuposa momwe imatsimikiziridwa ndi mitunduyi imatha kupezeka patsamba la Technoexport.
