Gymnocalicium ndi ozungulira kozungulira, wochokera ku South America, yemwe dzina lake limachokera ku mawu achi Latin: "gymnos" - "wamaliseche" ndi "calycium" - "calyx". Ma machubu amaluwa a chomera ichi, mosiyana ndi cacti ena, alibe kanthu (opanda tsitsi ndi bristles), wokutidwa ndi mamba osalala. Amapangidwa kuchokera ku areoles pamwamba pa tsinde. Momwe mungasamalire hymnocalycium, yowerengedwa mu nkhani yathu.
Gymnocalycium.
Kufotokozera kwa hymnocalycium
Gymnocalycium (Gymnocalycium) ndi mtundu wazomera zabwino za banja la a Cactus (Cactaceae) Mitundu imalumikizana, malinga ndi magawo osiyanasiyana, kuyambira mitundu makumi asanu mpaka makumi asanu ndi atatu. Mitundu yambiri imakhala yosabala. Ogulitsa maluwa nthawi zina amatchedwa cactus Gymnocalycium - "Holocaust."
Gymnocalycium - mbewu zokhala ndi poyambira paphesi; mainchesi a toyesa wamkulu amakhala kuchokera 4 mpaka 15 cm, pomwe kutalika kwa mbewu kuli pafupifupi kawiri kupanikizana.
Mtundu wa tsinde la hymnocalicium nthawi zambiri imakhala yobiriwira (nthawi zina imakhala imvi) kapena yobiriwira bulauni (nthawi zina imakhala yofiirira). Mwa zomera pali mbewu zokhala ndi mtundu wofiyira komanso wachikasu; cacti wopanda chlorophyll uyu amangolumikizidwa kumtengo wina wobiriwira.
Zomwe zimayambira mu hymnocalycium zimakhala zotupa kwambiri. M'mphepete muli ma "tub-like" tubercles. Maluwa ndi ofiira, ofiira, oyera, achikasu, amtundu wobiriwira kapena wachikasu ndipo amakhala ndi chubu cha maluwa achidule.
Gymnocalycium imamera ku South America (Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia, Uruguay, Paraguay), pamalo okwera mamitala 800 mpaka 3,000 pamtunda wa nyanja, pamiyala ya granite ndi gneiss, komanso m'misasa yokhala dothi ladothi.
Ma Gymnocalyciums amawongolera mawonekedwe awo okongola a tsinde ndi maluwa akuluakulu.
Kusamalira hymnocalycium kunyumba
Malo
Ma Gymnocalyciums ndi mafoto, amafunika kuwala kowala, makamaka nyengo yozizira. Mukasungidwa mu wowonjezera kutentha nthawi yotentha, kusinthasintha kungafunike. Kufunafuna mpweya watsopano - pamasiku otentha, mawindo otseguka.
Kutentha
Kutentha kwa hymnocalycium kumafunika moyenera kuyambira kasupe mpaka nthawi yophukira. M'nyengo yozizira, ndikofunikira kusunga kutentha kwa + 8 ... + 12 ° С (kwa mitundu ina + 15 ... + 18 ° С), imatha kusungidwa pam kutentha pang'ono, mpaka + 5 ° С. Zomera zomwe zimayikidwa pazenera zenera m'chipinda chosazungulira ziyenera kubweretsedwa m'chipindacho usiku wozizira.
Kuthirira
Chapakatikati, kuthirira kwa hymnalicium kumawonjezeka pang'onopang'ono; munthawi yozizira kumapeto kwa chilimwe mpaka kumapeto kwa chilimwe, boma la ulimi wothirira ndilofanana ndi mbewu zina zamkati, i.e. ngati kuli kotheka, makamaka ndi madzi ofunda. Kuyambira kumapeto kwa chilimwe, kuthirira kwachepetsedwa ndikuchepa kwambiri kuyambira pakati pa nthawi yophukira - madzi nthawi zina pang'ono ndi pang'ono. Chinyezi ndizotsika mtengo. Osafunanso kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa.
Gymnocalycium vinyo wofiira.
Gimnokalitsium Mikhanovich.
Hymnocalycium ndi multiflorous.
Thirani
Kuyika kwa hymnocalycium kumafunika pachaka paubwana, ndipo pambuyo pake - pakufunika mu April. Muphika watsopano uyenera kukhala wokulirapo pang'ono kuposa wakale.
Dothi
Dothi la hymnocalycium ndi pepala ndi matope oyala, peat, mchenga wozungulira (3: 2: 2: 3) ndi kuwonjezera kwa makala amakala ndi njerwa. Dothi liyenera kukhala acidic pang'ono, lopanda laimu, liyenera kuthiriridwa ndi madzi acidified.
Kubwezeretsa kwa hymnocalyciums
Kufalitsa kwamasamba
Ena hymnocalyciums amapanga ofananira nawo zigawo. Mitundu yotereyi ndiyosavuta kufalitsa, kupatulira izi kuchokera ku tsinde la mayi. Koma ndikofunikira kudziwa muyeso. Sikoyenera kung'amba mbali zonse zakumaso pakufunafuna kuchuluka - chomera chilichonse chimatha kupanga ochepa okha, ndipo ngati chimasiyidwa popanda iwo, chimawoneka chovuta komanso chosasweka. Pakadali pano, mitundu yomwe imamera mwachilengedwe ndi makatani imakhala yokongola kwambiri m'magulu osiyanasiyana.
Mosiyana ndi izi, mu nyimbo zina, njira zoyambira zimapangidwa mwamphamvu komanso zochuluka kwambiri mwakuti zimalepheretsa kukula kwa wina ndi mnzake ndikuletsa maluwa. Chifukwa chake, kuwonda kumachotsa ena a iwo ndikofunikira kuti apange chomera chokongoletsera.
Ndikosavuta kupatutsa njira ya hymnocalicium, yomwe ilibe mizu yake: itembenuleni ndi zala zanu kapena ma tipiers, ndipo kulumikizana kosavuta ndi tsinde la amayi kumasweka mosavuta. Mphukira yopatukana ya hymnocalicium imatha kusiyidwa pamalo owuma kwa tsiku limodzi kapena awiri, kenako ndikuyika dothi lonyowa (mchenga, chisakanizo cha mchenga ndi peat, chosakanizika wamba padziko lapansi) ndikuyang'anira ngati chomera wamba. Mosakhalitsa, "amasula" mizu ndikugwiritsitsa pansi. Koma izi zimayenera kuchitika, mwachilengedwe, nthawi yamasika kapena koyambirira kwa chilimwe - munthawi ya kukula kwa cactus.
Ngati mbali ya hymnocalicium ili ndi mizu yake, yolumikizidwa ndi mizu ya chomera cha mayi, imatha kukumbidwa mosamala, koma ndibwino kuphatikiza ntchitoyi ndi kufalikira kwa mbewu yonse. Mphukira yolekanitsidwa ndi mizu imabzalidwa mumphika wina ngati cactus wodziimira.
Kufalitsa mbewu
Ma hymnaliciums ambiri amafalitsidwa ndi mbewu. Choyamba, ndizosavuta. Kachiwiri, ana omwe amapezeka kuchokera ku mbewu ndiwabwino komanso athanzi kuposa omwe amapangidwa kuchokera ku njira zina. Chachitatu, nyimbo zambiri, makamaka, zimabereka kokha mwa njere.
Gawo laling'ono la kuphatikizira kwa hymnocalicium litha kukhala lofanananso ndi kubzala mbewu zakale, koma zopangidwa bwino. Ndibwino kuti mukuba kapena calcine mu uvuni kuti musataye matenda. Ndikwabwino kubzala m'miphika yaying'ono kapena mbale, kuyika nthongo panthaka yonyowa. Ndikofunikira kuti gawo lapansi lisawonongeke. Chifukwa chake, kwa nthawi yoyamba, mbale zofesa ziyenera kuphimbidwa ndi chivindikiro chowonekera. Mbewu za Gymnocalycium zimamera bwino pamtunda wa 20 ° C. Ngati gawo laling'onolo liuma, limasungunuka kuchokera pachidacho kapena kupukutidwa ndi botolo la utsi.
Gymnocalycium.
Ndikotheka kubzala hymnocalicium nthawi iliyonse pachaka, ngati kuli kotheka kupereka mbewu zam'mera ndizowala zokwanira ndi kutentha kofunikira.
Ma hymnocaliciums achichepere amakula msanga, ndipo atakwanitsa chaka chimodzi amatha kuziika m'miphika yosiyana.
Katemera wa hymnocalyciums
Ma hymnaliciums ambiri safuna katemera konse - amakula bwino, ndipo ndodo yamtengo amaoneka yopanda pake komanso yopanda pake. Koma katemera amafunika kuti pakhale mankhwala ena otchedwa chlorophyll hymnocalyciums. Kuphatikiza apo, nthawi zina amagwiritsidwa ntchito kukula mitundu yachilendo, kapena pofuna kupulumutsa mmera wowola.
Malamulo a katemera wa hymnocalicium ndiwodziwika ponse ponse: chida chokulirapo ndi chopanda thanzi ndi scion chimadulidwa moyenerera ndi chida cholimba ndi chosateteza, magawo amayatsidwa mwachangu komanso mwamphamvu kuti magwiridwe awo azigwirana pang'ono, ndikuwasunga m'malo opanikizika (pogwiritsa ntchito mphira, zovala , kunyamula) kwa pafupifupi sabata.
Matenda ndi tizirombo ta hymnocaliciums
Mafunso ofiira ofiira
Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono kwambiri komanso kosavulaza - tinthu tating'onoting'ono tofiyira - mwachidziwikire sakonda hymnocaliciums. Mwinanso chifukwa cha khungu lawo lakuda, zomwe zimavuta kuti ma arthropod abowole. Koma, komabe, amakhazikika pa iwo.
Ming'alu yaying'ono iyi (kutalika kwa thupi la achikulire sikungafikire millimeter) nthawi zina imatha kuwoneka ndi maliseche, koma nthawi zambiri imawululira zakusokonekera kwawo - malo owuma dzimbiri pa epithelium ya cacti. Mu hymnocalyciums, izi sizichitika kawirikawiri - kokha pazomera zazing'ono komanso pafupi ndi malo okula, pomwe khungu silinakhale lokwanira mokwanira.
Ndikosavuta kuthana ndi nkhupakupa mu hymnocalyciums: spines zosowa zimapangitsa kukhala kosavuta kutsuka tsinde ndi madzi otentha kapena mafuta ndi yankho la ethyl mowa. Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala acaricidal ndi ponseponse kuli kwothandiza kwambiri. Koma kusanthula koteroko ndikomveka ngati muli ndi chopereka chachikulu cha cacti. Ngati vutoli limakhudza nyimbo imodzi yokha kapena zingapo, kusamba ndi madzi kapena kuthira mafuta ndi muyezo wokwanira.
Nyongolotsi
Koma mphutsi ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe akazi awo owoneka ngati nyongolotsi amakhala pamizu ndi zimayambira za mbewuyo, munjira yeniyeniyo ya mawuwo, amayamwa mazira mwa iwo - parates pa hymnocalyciums osangokhala oyimira ena a banja ili. Koma kudziwa kupezeka kwawo pa cactiyi ndikosavuta kusiyana ndi kwa ena: matupi apinki ataphimbidwa ndi “chovala” cha thonje loyera ndipo akuwonekera bwino pamalo athyathyathya omwe ali ndi timinsalu tosowa.
Gymnocalycium.
Zimakhala zovutirapo ngati nyongolotsi ili pamizu. Kuyimitsa kukula, kusowa kwa maluwa kuyenera kumchenjeza mwiniwake. Pokayikira pang'ono, ndikofunikira kupenda mizu ya mbewuyo, momwe zitsamba zoyera za mphutsi zimawonekera bwino. Kusamba kwanthawi yayitali ndi madzi otentha (otentha monga dzanja limaperekera) kapena mizu yosamba (mizu imasungidwa m'madzi otentha ndi kutentha kosalekeza kwa mphindi 10-15) kumapha tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo paliponse m'njira zothetsera kapena zowonjezera pang'onopang'ono mu gawo lapansi .
Zovunda
Monga ma cacti ena, hymnocaliciums akasiyidwa molakwika (gawo "lamafuta" kwambiri, kuthilira kwambiri, makamaka nyengo yozizira) amakhudzidwa ndi zowola zosiyanasiyana. Koma nthawi zambiri, njira yowola imakhudzanso mizu yokha, yomwe imapezeka ikamasintha mwachinyengo komanso zopanda maluwa.
Okhala okha muzochitika zotere akhoza kupulumutsidwa. Amayenera kutsukidwa ndi madzi otentha, kudula mizu kuti ikhale ndi minofu yathanzi, yopanda mankhwala (ndi mowa, makala ophwanyika, kukonzekera fungicidal), youma komanso mizu, ngati njira pofalitsa masamba.
