Aliyense ali ndi zomwe amakonda. Wina amakonda inflorescence yayikulu pamitengo yayitali, wina amakonda mbewu zazing'onoting'ono komanso zazing'ono. Chisankho chosasinthika nthawi zambiri ndi violet, duwa ili lidayamba kutchuka. Nthawi zambiri, imayikidwa mu phukusi la maluwa ngati chomera, koma nthawi zina inflorescence imakhala gawo la maluwa okongola.
Ambiri omwe amalima dimba amakonda kulima mapaya awo monga chomera cha chaka chilichonse. Nthawi yomweyo, pali mitundu yosatha ya mitundu yowala iyi yomwe imatha kukhala chokongoletsa m'munda kwa zaka zambiri.
Ziphuphu za perennial violets (Viola) nthawi zambiri zimakhala maluwa a May, koma zisangalatse ngakhale m'mbuyomu. Nthawi zambiri ma violets "amabwera" kumundako kuchokera ku nkhalango yapafupi, pokhala zachuma m'mabedi a maluwa, miyala yamiyala kapena pansi pa mitengo. Dzanja lokhala ndi mbewu yodziyimira ngati imeneyi silimaphukira udzu, ndipo zolengedwa zokongola zimakhalabe m'mundamo mpaka kalekale, ndikupanga dzina la munda wa violet (kapena viola).
Onani chithunzithunzi cha momwe masamba osakhazikika m'minda, masamba ake amakongoletsedwera pa tsinde kenako;
Maluwa nthawi zambiri amakhala amtambo, oyera, ofiira owala komanso achikaso.
M'mayiko osiyanasiyana, duwa ili ndi mayina osiyanasiyana, popeza lili ndi magawo osiyanasiyana, ku Russia nthawi zambiri limatchedwa pansies.
Mitundu ndi mitundu ya maluwa a m'munda (ma pansies): zithunzi, mayina ndi kufotokoza kwa maluwa osatha
Ziwawa zomwe zimatha kumera m'munda, zambiri. Amagawika m'magulu awiri: ena, phokoso lokhazikika, ena, mphukira zonse zimamera kuchokera mu khosi limodzi.
Pakati pa maluwa omwe alipo, munthu amatha kusiyanitsa mitundu yamaluwa yamaluwa:
Kukulitsa othawa kumamwaza mbali zosiyanasiyana fungo lonunkhira (V. odorata) maluwa a masika kwambiri ndi maluwa ofiirira. Vutoli ndiwopambana kwambiri pantchito za kuswana.
Mlongo wa Violet (V. sororia) amachita modzichepera: jekete limabweza masentimita 5-10 zokha pachaka. Maluwa ake ndi osiyanasiyana komanso okulirapo!
Kukula pang'onopang'ono lekani violet (V. pedatifida). Uku ndi kuwoneka kowoneka bwino ndi masamba omwe amawoneka ngati mafani ang'onoang'ono. Maluwa ndi lilac, mwachizolowezi a violets.
Pali maluwa a maluwa otentha omwe amakhala m'malo amwala, onani chithunzi - ichi ndi chomera chokongola chomwe chili ndi maluwa ang'onoang'ono achikasu owala, violet Caucasian (V. Caucasica), monga mitundu yam'mbuyomu, ili ndi phokoso lotsegula.
Violet labrador (V. labradorica) pankhani yogonjetsa madera, itha kupikisano ngakhale onunkhira. Mbewu zake zimaphulika m'mabokosi. Samosev amakana kwambiri.
Momwe ephemeroid amathandizira ndi Trans-Ural single violet (V. uniflora). Chapakatikati ndimtchire wokhala ndi masamba akuluakulu, owumbika kale komanso maluwa ambiri achikasu. Kuyambira pakati pa chilimwe, mbewuyo imapumira.
Violet wanyanga (V. cornuta). Chimawoneka chofewa, nyengo yotentha imakhala ndi masamba obiriwira ndipo imasunga masamba. Violet limamasula kuchokera ku chipale chofewa kupita ku chipale chofewa, ngakhale, mwachidziwikire, funde loyamba mu Meyi ndilo lachiwawa kwambiri.
Samosev amapereka mtundu wosangalatsa wa maluwa. Koma mbewuzo pazifukwa zina sizimazizira. Iwo mwina ndi achiyuda.
Mukatha kuwerenga kufotokoza za mitundu ndi mitundu ya maluwa a m'munda, phunzirani za malamulidwe awo.
Momwe mungabzale mbeu za pansy panthaka
Njira yosavuta yofalitsira viola ndikugawa ndikudula. Kuti muchite izi, ndikokwanira kudula tsamba ndi tsinde ndikuyika m'madzi mpaka muzu utawonekera. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti ngakhale kufalitsa mbewu popanda kukonzekera, ndiye kuti zaka zitatu zilizonse ziyenera kuchotsedwa m'nthaka ndikugawikana. Kupanda kutero, chifukwa cha kukula kwambiri wandiweyani, maluwa amakhala ochepa ndipo amatha kuwoneka.
Mitundu yokhala ndi kachilomboka chopingasa, chitsamba chitha kugawidwa. Izi zimachitika motere: muyenera kupukuta dothi bwino, kuchotsa chomera ndikugawa, kusanjanitsa ndikuchisa zitsamba zodzaza. Chotsatira, mbewu iliyonse payokha mu maluwa kapena poyera. Chitani izi nthawi yophukira, maluwa asanakhale, kapena mu Seputembara.
Mitundu ina, nthambi zingathe kulekanitsidwa kuchokera pachitsamba ndikuzika mu malo oyenera. Pansi pa zitini, zodulidwa zaminda zokhala ndi nyanga za maluwa onunkhira zimayamba mu masabata awiri kapena atatu.
Njira yachiwiri yofalitsira mbewu ndikufesa mbewu zatsopano m'thaka lokonzedwa. Mwatsopano mbewu zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakubereka bwino. Garden violet chifukwa chodzala chimakonda malo padzuwa, chifukwa mumthunzi nthawi zambiri amatsutsidwa ndi slugs. Komanso tizirombo toyambitsa matenda timayambitsa chomera ngati chikukula pamalo achinyezi.
Ngati mungasankhe kubzala mbewu pogwiritsa ntchito mbeu, muyenera kudziwa zomwe kubzala ndikusamalira moyenera gadet. Mbewu ziyenera kukhala zabwino komanso nthaka ndiyofunika kukonzekera. Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti dothi lamchenga silikhala labwino kwambiri ngati duwa lokhazikika kwa maluwa. Malo oterowo amafunika kukonzedwa ndi feteleza wachilengedwe, koma osati humus, chifukwa amalimbikira nthaka ndipo amatha kuwotcha mizu yokhomera yomera.
Kwa maluwa osatha a maluwa osakhwima pakubzala ndi chisamaliro, kuthirira nthawi yake komanso pakati kumakhalabe kofunikira. Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti kusefukira kwamtunduwu kumawononga mbewuyi komanso madzi ozizira kwambiri. Izi sizitanthauza kuti izikhala yotentha, koma kutentha kwa chipinda nthawi yothirira ndikofunikira.
Mu nyengo yonyowa kwambiri, kuthirira kuyenera kukhala kokwanira. Ndikusowa chinyezi, maluwa amayamba kuchepa, mtunduwo umazirala, ndipo chomera chimaleka kuphuka. Kuti mukulitse nthawi ya maluwa, muyenera kuchotsa zitsamba zokhala ndi ma fini opopera pafupipafupi.
Milandu nthawi zina imayesedwa ndi tizirombo monga ma scoops ndi ma aphid, chifukwa chake, njira zina zodzitetezera mbewu zikuyenera kuchitika nthawi.
Kuti muthane bwino ndi dimba losatha zipatso tchire popanda kuwavulaza mukabzala ndi kusamalira, mutha kuwona chithunzicho ndi zotsatana ndi zochita:
Misewu ya perennial violets m'minda nyimbo
Viola yamtunduwu imatha kupangidwa ndi chilichonse chomwe chatchulidwa pamwambapa, chifukwa ma violets onse amakula popanda zoyera paliponse. Mizu yawo imapezeka mwanjira yoti imere mwachangu panthaka yopanda chonde. Maluwa oterewa akhoza kukhala abwino kuwonjezera kapena kuwonetsera kapangidwe kalikonse. Ma violets mumsewu amakongoletsedwa ndi khonde, maluwa, masitayidi opanga. Zithunzi zingapo zakumunda wamaluwa ndi maluwa a mumsewu zitha kuwoneka pachithunzichi:
Ziwawa ndizopulasitiki kwambiri komanso chosasamala mumikhalidwe yakukula. Amatha kukhala okhwima padzuwa komanso m'malo osinthika. Izi zimakuthandizani kuti mupange glade kuchokera ku ma violets pansi pa korona zamitengo pakati pa mbewu zina zam'mera. M'munda, maluwa osatha amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga zokongola za m'malire, mapiri a mapiri ndi maluwa. Zitha kubzalidwa ndi kapeti wamtengo wapatali pakati pa mitengo ndi pafupi ndi dziwe lochita kupanga.
Onani chithunzi cha maluwa omwe akukula padziwe la mauva a mumsewu, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mawonekedwe ake imakhala yosangalatsa ndipo imakwaniritsa kapangidwe ka malo opumirawo.
Labrador violets ali ndi masamba ofiirira ndi maluwa a lilac. Itha zibzalidwe pafupi ndi mbewu zomwe zimakhala ndi masamba a siliva kapena achikasu.
Zimapatsa kusiyana kwakukulu ndi diso. Kodi ndingakonzekere bwanji dimba la violet m'munda wamaluwa kuti limasewera ndi mitundu yonse, yang'anani chithunzichi:
Mtunduwo umakhala ndi nyanga, mtundu wina womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mawonekedwe. Ali ndi mitengo yaying'ono, pankhaniyi, yobzalidwa m'magulu.
Chimodzi mwazinthu zake ndi zitsamba zokhazikika, kotero mu maluwa amakonzedwa kutsogolo. Makulidwe ang'onoang'ono apangitsa izi kuti zizioneka ngati khonde komanso ma verandas, ndizofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito m'mabedi amaluwa ndi maluwa.
Malo oyandikana nawo m'minda yathu ndi:
- zitsamba zodziyimira;
- kuchititsa
- tulips;
- daffodils;
- ma hyacinths;
- ma fern.
Zomera zazitali zimapanga mthunzi wofunikira wa viola patsiku loti anthu azikhala.
Zomera zokongola za m'munda za maluwa: mitundu ya maluwa osatha
Ngati mukuyang'ana mbiri yakuwoneka kwa viola ku Europe, ndiye kuti zonena zoyambirira zimangoyamba ndi zonunkhira zam'munda za peretnial violet. Ndi iye yemwe adakongoletsa malo oyang'anira amonke, ndipo posakhalitsa mbewu zamitengo zingapo zidawonekera pambuyo pake. Fungo lamaluwa onunkhira obzalidwa ngati chikhalidwe chobzala ndipo nthawi zambiri limagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati wowerengeka ngati mankhwala ochizira chifuwa champhamvu chouma.
Pafupifupi m'munda uliwonse, ngakhale wokongoletsa wachabechabe wamaluwa, mutha kuwona momwe ma papozoni amaluwa amadzaza maluwa awo ndikukuchulukitsani mwachikondi. Duwa ili ndi mtundu wa violet wa m'munda wamuyaya. Ponena za mitundu yosiyanasiyana, pali mitundu iwiri yotchuka kwambiri ya duwa:
- tricolor viola (wotchedwa woyamba);
- Wittrock wosakanizidwa (wosakanizidwa wamtundu wa tricolor ndi mitundu ina yamtchire: Makedonia, m'mawa, subalpine).
Ndili mtundu wachiwiri (wosakanizidwa) womwe umadziwika kwambiri m'munda chifukwa cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana, palinso wosakanizidwa wakuda wosadziwika. Kuipa kwa mitundu yonseyi poyerekeza, ndipo izi, ndizosavomerezeka pakulimbana ndi matenda osiyanasiyana.
Samalani ndi chithunzi, maluwa a pansisi a violet omwe ali m'munsi mwa peduncle ndi achikasu owoneka bwino, ndipo kumtunda - kofiirira.
Chomera chimakhala ndi maluwa okongola kwambiri. Posachedwa, mwa kubereketsa, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maluwayi idapangidwa, motero imatha kupezeka mitundu yowala kwambiri komanso kuphatikiza kodabwitsa. Mwachitsanzo, tsamba lililonse limatha kukhala lamtundu wina, kapena pamodzi pamitundu, madontho, mikwingwirima imayikidwa. Zikuwoneka zokongola kwambiri. Onani chithunzichi, momwe mitundu yamitundu yamitundu ya maluwa imakhalira:
Ponena za mitundu ya Wittrock, ilibe gulu limodzi. Pali zingapo za izo ndipo chilichonse chimatenga njira yake:
Kusiyana kosiyanasiyana, mawonekedwe, mtundu:
- kutalika kwa chitsamba (wotsika, wapakati, wamtali);
- kukula kwa inflorescence (maluwa ochepa komanso maluwa akuluakulu);
- ndi m'mphepete mwa wavy (ngakhale pang'ono, pang'ono pang'ono);
- ndi utoto (monochrome, mamba, marble, akhungu anayi, mitundu yambiri).
Mitundu kutengera pore yobzala, njira zamaluwa, utoto:
- mitundu yozizira (yomwe imamasuka kwambiri);
- maluwa akulu (mulifupi mwake mpaka 10 cm);
- mitundu yavyachikulu kwambiri komanso chatsopano (mitundu "ya zimphona zaku Swiss").
Onani chithunzithunzi pazithunzi zamitundu yonse yodziwika ndi mayina awo:
Maluwa oterowo amatha kukopa aliyense. Osati pachabe kuti kuyambira kalekale mbewu iyi idapatsidwa zinthu zamatsenga. Pali chikhulupiriro chakuti ma pansies adagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njira yotumizira chikondi. Kukongola kwa maluwawo kumasilira osati anthu achi Slavic okha, ndi otchuka m'maiko osiyanasiyana. Achi Briteni mothandizidwa ndi ma pansies amavomereza malingaliro awo kwa atsikana, kutumiza maluwa kwa osankhidwa ndikuwonetsa dzina lawo. Nzika
France ndi Poland zimagwiritsa ntchito maluwa ngati chizindikiro cha kukomera mtima ndi kulekanitsa.
Mitundu yonse ya ma pansies ndi mitundu yosatha yobzala, koma nthawi zambiri imaberekedwa ngati mwana wazaka ziwiri, inflorescence wawo amafanana ndi violet. Duwa ili limamera, limakula masentimita 15 mpaka 20, limasiya masamba ndipo limayambira m'machimo awo ndi utoto womwe umafika masentimita 7.
Onani chithunzichi momwe chomera chamtunduwu chimayonekera pakatha masabata atatu mutabzala, ngati zikhalidwe ndi chisamaliro zimasankhidwa molondola:
Kubzala moyenera mapani onunkhira panja
Vutoli lamtunduwu mukabzala m'malo osasunthika ndikusamalidwa bwino kumatha kuphuka kawiri pachaka. Izi ndizothandiza kwambiri kukongoletsa mabedi amaluwa kapena makama a maluwa. Amaphukira kumayambiriro kwa kasupe ndi kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira, kutengera nthawi yomwe adabzalidwa. Kuti tipeze kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, ndikofunikira kubzala mbewu m'chilimwe, ndiye kuti kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Mbewu zikagwera pansi m'mwezi wa Meyi kapena kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe, ndiye kuti maluwa omwe akutulutsa bwino amasangalatsa.
Pansies imazika bwino panthaka, kulekerera nyengo yachisanu bwino. Zachidziwikire, ngati kugwa ankathandizidwa ndi unyolo wambiri, ndipo nthawi yozizira sanayanjidwe ndi chisanu, ndiye kuti kuzizira nkotheka. Madzi osefukira masika amathanso kuvulaza, ndipo nthawi yabwino nyengo imeneyi simakhala yowoneka bwino.
Kuti mukhale ndi maluwa abwino, muyenera kudziwa momwe mungabzalire bwino ma pansies panthaka. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti nthaka yofesa iyenera kutsukidwa namsongole ndikumasulidwa. Chifukwa chake, kudzakhala kofunikira kupanga mabedi ndi kuyika nthanga mu zitsime, kupewa kuchulukana kufesa. Mukabzala maluwa pansy panthaka, mbande zoyambirira zimayenera kusiya pansi patadutsa sabata limodzi, kapena awiri, ndiye kuti mbande zimatha kudulidwamo. Mtunda pakati pa tchire uyenera kukhala pafupifupi masentimita 20. Dothi pafupi ndi chitsamba liyenera kuthiriridwa ndi kumasulidwa nthawi ndi nthawi kuti mizu yake imapumira momasuka.
Ndi zomveka hydration komanso munthawi yake chithandizo kuchokera ku tizirombo, ma pansies mu kasupe wa chaka chamawa mofulumira amakula ndipo amasangalala ndi maluwa ambiri. Zomera zokongoletsedwa zopangidwa kale zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kukongoletsa mitundu yonse ya mabedi a maluwa ndi nyimbo. Ovala maluwa nthawi zambiri amakongoletsa ndi maluwa a ukwati wa violets kapena boutonnieres. Ngakhale mlimi wa novice amateur amatha kudzala ma pansies pamalo otseguka, popeza duwa limakhala mulibe njira zapadera zosamalirira ndipo limazika mizu kulikonse. Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti ngati dimba la maluwa liziikidwa m'malo otentha, ndiye kuti maluwa adzakhala owala bwino komanso akuluakulu, ngati mumtengowo ungakhale wocheperako komanso wopatsa.
Ngakhale zitakhala bwanji, ma pansies amatha kubzala mu malo apadera okhalamo ndi m'malo amdimba m'bwalo la nyumba yapadera kapena m'dziko.
Kusamalira kusamalira zanyengo zanyumba
Ma violets ambiri sakhala ovuta kukula kudzera mu mbande. Koyamba, izi ndizosadabwitsa, chifukwa kudzala mbeu m'mitundu yambiri kumakhala kovuta kwambiri. Kufotokozera kwake ndikosavuta: Mbeu zatsopano zimamera bwino mu violets. Pambuyo posungira, amafunika kuyanjana.
Kuchulukitsa komanso mtundu wa maluwa zimatha kusintha posankha nthawi yofesa komanso mawonekedwe a kuyatsa ndi magetsi. Ndikofunikanso kukumbukira kuti kupendekera kokhazikika kwa madzi pamasamba kungayambitse kuwola, motero ndikofunikira kuthirira pansi ndikugwiritsa ntchito pallet, kapena kulowetsa dothi pansi pa duwa lomwe limakula.
Vuto losakhazikika m'munda wa maluwa osafunikira silitanthauza kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa mukamabzala ndikusamalira, koma mpweya wonyowa chifukwa, monga mbewu zambiri, ndikofunikira. Kuti mupeze izi, ndikwanira kuyika chidebe chaching'ono ndi madzi pafupi ndi maluwa. Ngati chomera chili pamsewu, nthawi zambiri muyenera kuwaza gawo loyandikira kapena mbewu zapafupi kuti mupereke chinyezi chofunikira pamasiku otentha (pafupifupi 50%).
Kumbukirani kuti ma violets, ngakhale sanali mbewu zowoneka bwino, amawopa mapangidwe. Izi ndizowona makamaka kwa maluwa omwe ali mchipindacho. Ndipo makope mumsewu amakhalanso bwino kukhala m'malo abwino.
Malo ofunikira kwambiri pochotseredwa ndi viols ndi feteleza. Tsopano pali mayankho osiyanasiyana osiyanasiyana omwe mungawonjezere mukathirira, kapena kuwachitira ndi mizu mukabzala chomera m'nthaka. Kuti musankhe feteleza wabwino wa violets, muyenera kuyang'ana yankho la maluwa. Ndikofunikira kukonza chomera, kutsatira malangizo ndi Mlingo womwe akuwonetsa wopanga.
Momwe simungapangire zolakwika mukamagula violets
Pamene, posamalira maluwa kunyumba, chisankho chinagwera pa violet, ndiye muyenera kudziwa momwe musalakwire mukamagula.
Zachidziwikire, kuti mugule mbewu, mutha kufufuza zamitundu zosiyanasiyana zomwe zaperekedwa m'masitolo osiyanasiyana. Poterepa, muyenera kulabadira tsiku lotha ntchito ndi wopanga. Zingakhale bwino kuwerengera ndemanga zamalonda pa intaneti yomweyo. Muthanso kutsatira upangiri wa anzanu odziwa bwino kapena owonetsa maluwa. Koma njira yabwino ndiyakuti mugule mbewuzi kwa anthu omwe akubereka viola. Nthawi zambiri, amafika posamalira mbewu, zomwe mtsogolo zimapereka maluwa.
Ngati mungaganize zogula zopangidwa ndi maluwa mu maluwa, ndiye kuti mutha kugwiritsa ntchito malangizo awa:
- Zomera zizikhala ndi masamba owondera, popanda mawanga.
- Malekezero a masamba sayenera kukhala owuma.
- Palibe wonamizira yemwe ayenera kukhalapo.
- Violet azikhala nthawi yamaluwa.
- Pasakhale fungo lovunda kapena zithumwa za m'nthaka.
Kusankha violet woyenera wamkati, muyeneranso kuganizira zina:
- Kuphatikiza mitundu.
- Kukula kwa maluwa ndi malo omwe palokha.
- Kuwala kwa malo omwe akufuna: (duwa lotuwa limatha kupindika ngati litaima pomwe pali kuwala pang'ono).
- Ngati makoma a chipindacho ali amtundu wakuda, ndiye kuti duwa liyenera kukhala lopepuka komanso lowala
- Mtundu ndi mawonekedwe a maluwa ayeneranso kulingaliridwa.
Zithunzi za perennial violets zimatha kusankhidwa mu chithunzi pansipa:
Viola amtundu uliwonse amatha bwino kulowa mkati mwa zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Mofananamo, maluwa awa amawoneka onse kunja ndi mkati. Chachikulu ndikuti mudziwe malo abwino kwambiri omwe angaikidwe.
