Popanda chinyezi, moyo wabwinobwino ndiosatheka. Chifukwa cha chinyezi, amatha kudya, kumata zinthu zosungunuka m'nthaka ndi mizu, komanso amamwa madzi abwino. Chinyontho chokwanira chokha mu dothi chomwe chingapangitse kukolola kwakukulu, kuonetsetsa kuti moyo wabwinobwino wa chomera, kuchulukitsa maluwa, ndi zina zambiri. Koma kuchuluka kwa madzi munthaka komanso mpweya wambiri pazomera, komanso feteleza ochulukirapo, kumabweretsa zotsatira zoyipa, kufalikira kwa matenda oyamba ndi fungus kapena kuola kwa mizu, komwe kumatha kupha mbewu. Tilankhula za zolakwa zazikulu tikathilira dimba, nthawi ndi zikhalidwe zothirira mbewu zosiyanasiyana m'nkhaniyi.
Zolakwika panthawi yothirira zimatha kudzetsa mbewu.
1. Kutsirira mu kutentha
Osamwetsa madzi masamba aliwonse mkati mwa tsiku lotentha, pakakhala kutentha kwenikweni, hade. Chosankha chimakhala chomera chokha chomera, koma nthawi zambiri mmundamo mumapezeka mbewu zochepa. Mukathilira mu kutentha, choyamba, chinyezi chimatuluka msanga kuchokera panthaka, ndipo chachiwiri, ziribe kanthu kuti mumathiririra bwanji, madontho ang'onoang'ono amadzi amagwera pamasamba, pomwe mphamvu ya dzuwa imawiritsa masamba, ndikupanga amayaka. Izi zowotcha ndi khomo lotseguka la matenda.
2. Madzi ozizira (ayezi)
Nthawi zambiri, mundawu umathiriridwa madzi a payipi, momwe madzi amakhala madzi oundana pakapita masekondi angapo kuthilira. Izi ndizododometsa kwambiri kwa mbewu, koma ngati mitengo ndi "zitsamba zakuda" zikulekerera kuthirira koteroko, ndiye kuti masamba omwe ali ndi chidwi ndi masamba amatha kupindika timapepala tating'ono, ngati kuti kumakhala chisanu pang'ono.
Yesani kuthirira m'mundamo ndi madzi otenthetsera kutentha kwa chipinda, koma osati otentha, inde. Palibe chovuta pa izi: mutha kukhazikitsa mbiya yayikulu (kapena zingapo) pamalowo pamalo okwera pafupifupi theka la mita, ndikupaka utoto (wakuda) wakuda, kulumikiza payipi ndikupopera ndikudzaza mbiya ndi madzi. Madziwo amawotha masana, ndipo amathiramo madzi madzulo.
Kuphatikiza apo, mumalandiranso madzi osakhazikika, ndipo mukayika mbiya pansi pa dotokota kuchokera padenga ndikuphimba ndi ukonde kuti zinyalala zisalowemo, mupeza madzi amvula, osinthika bwino ndikumathirira dimba (lotupa) komanso laulere!
3. Ndege zamphamvu
Cholakwika china: samangotulutsa m'munda madzi a payipi, komanso amapanga gawo lamphamvu. Ena amati ichi ndi chakuti madzi amalowa mu dothi mwachangu popanda kufalikira pamwamba. Koma kuthirira mwanjira imeneyi kumavulaza koposa zabwino. Madzi akapanikizika kwambiri amadetsa nthaka, kuvumbula mizu. Mtsogolomo, ngati satakutidwa ndi dothi, lidzauma, ndipo mbewuzo zidzavutika (mwina zitha kufa). Njira yabwino kwambiri yothirira, ngati tikulankhula makamaka kuthirira kuchokera paipi - kuti madzi kuchokera mu madziwo asungunuke, osapanikizika, ndiye kuti mizu yake singasowe.
Kuthirira ndi mtsinje wozizirira komanso wamphamvu wamadzi kuchokera payipi ndi cholakwika kawiri.
4. Kutsirira mosasamba masamba
M'malo mwake, ndibwino kuti musagwiritse ntchito madzi osokoneza bongo mwanjira imeneyi mongotsatira nyengo. Mwachitsanzo, ngati kuli chinyezi pang'ono, thambo limasefukira, ndiye kuti ndibwino kuti musathirire mbewuzo pamasamba, ngati kuli kotentha masana, ndiye m'mawa mutha kutsitsimutsa mbewuzo ndikupanga "mvula".
Mwa njira, ndibwino kuthira madzi ndikumwaza osati madzulo, koma m'mawa kwambiri. Mukathirira ndikumwaza madzulo, chinyezi chimakhala pamasamba kwa nthawi yayitali, ndikupanga malo abwino kwambiri pakupanga matenda oyamba ndi fungus. Ngati mumathirira m'mawa, m'mawa kwambiri, ola limodzi 4 koloko m'mawa, ndiye ndikuwotha pang'ono pang'ono ndi mlengalenga potuluka dzuwa, madziwo amasintha pang'onopang'ono popanda kuvulaza masamba.
5. Kuthirira kutumphuka panthaka
Musanayambe kuthirira mundawo, ngati simunamwe madzi kwa masiku angapo, ndipo kutumphuka kwapangika panthaka, ndikofunikira kuti muthyole ndi nsonga ya khasu. Ngati izi sizichitika, ndiye kuti madziwo sangatengere kulowa m'nthaka, madzi ambiri amafalikira pamtunda. Izi zimatsogolera, choyamba, pakuwonongeka kwa chinyezi chambiri, ndipo chachiwiri, zimatha kubweretsa nthaka m'nthaka m'malo omangika, ndipo m'malo ena pamakhala chinyezi.
6. Kuperewera kapena madzi ochulukirapo
Monga tidalemba mobwerezabwereza, chilichonse chimafunikira chizolowezi. Kuthirira ndi madzi pang'ono kapena lalikulu kungachititse kuti pakhale chinyezi komanso kusatha kwa chilala, kufa ndi njala kapena, mosiyanasiyana, kuzungulira mizu komanso kufalikira kwa matenda am'mimba.
Thirirani dimba kuti dothi lonyowa osachepera 10-15 cm - ndi malo omwe mizu ya masamba ambiri imamera. Kutengera mtundu wa dothi, muyenera kuthira kuchokera muchidebe mpaka atatu pa mita lalikulu, zikuwonekeratu kuti nthaka ikumasulira, madzi ochepa omwe mumafuna nthawi, koma chinyezi chochulukirapo chimatuluka m'nthaka, chifukwa chake mukufunika kuthirira kwambiri (komanso mosemphanitsa).
Kuthirira madzi ndi njira yabwino kwa onse okhala nthawi yachilimwe omwe samathirira dimba panthawi yake.
7. Kuthirira kwambiri ndi kupuma kwakutali
Izi zimawonedwa nthawi zambiri m'matawuni. Timabwera m'chilimwe kamodzi pa sabata, kudzaza mundawo mowolowa manja, kusinthana ndi chithaphwi, ndikuchoka kwa sabata, ndikusiyira wopanda madzi nthawi ino. Chinyontho tsiku lotsatira kapena masiku awiri pambuyo pake chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazakudya ndikuthothoka, ndipo mundawo umadzuma kwa masiku anayi kapena asanu. Izi ndizoyipa, zimayambitsa matenda m'minda: mwina pali zakudya zambiri ndi chinyezi, ndiye sizipezeka konse; Kuchokera pamenepa pakuchepa kwa kufalikira kwa mbewu, miliri ya matenda, zipatso zosapangidwa bwino, ndi zina zotero.
Panthawi yakucha zipatso, kuthilira koteroko kumakhala koopsa kukwaniritsa: kuthilira kochuluka kumene mudaganiza kuti muchite pakatha chilala, chinyezi chimalowa zipatso zochuluka, ndipo zimasokonekera. Popewa izi zonse, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito kuthirira.
Ndiwosavuta komanso wogwira - adatenga mbiya, adainyamula pa njerwa ndi theka la mita, atayiyika timabowo (timachubu tokhala ndi mabowo), kuthira madzi mu mbiya ndikuyika mabotolo mozungulira mundawo, nawabweretsa ku mbewu. Zitatha izi, mutha kupita kwanu osatetezeka, migolo ya malita zana ikhoza kukhala yokwanira kwa sabata pamunda wamalo ma maekala asanu ndi limodzi, ndipo kuthirira kumakhala kofanana komanso kokwanira. Mutha kuthirira dimba pang'onopang'ono kumapeto kwa sabata, kuthira madzi pang'ono m'mawa komanso pang'ono madzulo kuti chinyezi chimalowa bwino m'nthaka.
8. Kuthirira popanda mulching
Wamaluwa nthawi zambiri amathira madzi m'mawa ndikuiwala za mundawo. M'mawa, madzi amayamba kutuluka mwachangu ndipo zimachitika kuti mbewu zimakumana ndi chilala dzuŵa lisanafike. Kuti tinyowetse nthaka bwino ndi kuthirira pansi pa muzu, timalimbikitsa kuthirira usiku, ndipo titathirira, mulch nthaka. Monga mulch, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito humus yopyapyala ya sentimita, kapena, ngati mulibe, ndiye nthaka wamba, youma kokha. Dothi loterali limapulumutsa chinyezi kuchokera pakukweza, ndipo limakhala nthawi yayitali pamizu, mbewu sizingasowe chinyezi mpaka kuthirira kwotsatira.
9. Kuperewera kwa kuthirira mutathira feteleza
Mukathira feteleza wamaminolo kapena phulusa louma, ndikofunikira kuthirira nthaka kuti zofunikira za feteleza izi zisasunthidwe masana, koma zizilowera munthaka mwachangu. Ndikwabwino kuchita izi: choyamba mumasuleni nthaka, kenako ndikuithirira, ndikuithira manyowa, kenako ndikuthira feteleza, kuthiranso madzi, kuthira malita angapo pansi pa chomera chilichonse, ndipo pamapeto kuwaza feteleza ndi dothi, ndikuwazaza dothi lonyowa.
10. Kuthirira popanda kukumana ndi malire
Wamaluwa nthawi zambiri amalakwitsa izi chifukwa cha umbuli, kuthirira mbewu zonse zamasamba munjira yomweyo pomwe iwo (wamaluwa) akufuna izi. Kuti tidzaze zofunikira pa kuthirira, takonza mbale momwe timalankhulira mwatsatanetsatane za nthawi ndi chikhalidwe chothirira mbewu zomwe zimapezeka kwambiri masamba.
Kugwetsa kuthirira kwa tomato.
Madeti othirira ndi mitengo ya mbewu zosiyanasiyana
Yoyambira kabichi
- Mphamvu yamizu - pafupifupi;
- Nthawi yothirira - Meyi-Julayi;
- Chiwerengero cha zakumwa - 5;
- Kuthirira nthawi - pakufika, patatha masiku atatu, ndiye - pambuyo pa sabata, kutengera kukhalapo kwa mpweya;
- Mulingo wothirira, l / m2 - 30-32;
- Kugwiritsa ntchito madzi pa kilogalamu imodzi ya mbewu, l - 9.
Mochedwa kabichi
- Mphamvu yamizu - pafupifupi;
- Nthawi yothirira - Meyi-Ogasiti;
- Chiwerengero cha zakumwa - 10;
- Kuthirira nthawi - kuthirira koyamba mukabzala mbande pachimake, kwachiwiri kuthirira sabata pambuyo pa woyamba, kuyambira wachitatu mpaka wachisanu kuthilira - panthawi yopanga rosette wamasamba, kuyambira wachisanu ndi chimodzi mpaka wachisanu ndi chitatu - pakumeta kwa mutu, wachisanu ndi chisanu ndi chinayi - kuthilira kwaukadaulo;
- Mulingo wothirira, l / m2 - 35-45;
- Kugwiritsa ntchito madzi pa kilogalamu imodzi ya mbewu, l - 11.
Nkhaka zoyambirira
- Mphamvu yamizu - yamphamvu ndi nthambi;
- Nthawi yothirira - Meyi-Ogasiti;
- Chiwerengero cha zakumwa - 7;
- Kuthirira nthawi - kuthilira koyamba - ndikupanga masamba awiri kapena atatu owona, kuthirira kwachiwiri ndi kwachitatu - mu gawo lodzalidwa ndi nthawi ya sabata, wachinayi ndi wachisanu - panthawi ya maluwa ndi nthawi yayitali ya masiku asanu ndi limodzi, ndi chisanu ndi chiwiri - pang'onopang'ono zipatso ;
- Mulingo wothirira, l / m2 - 25-30;
- Kugwiritsa ntchito madzi pa kilogalamu imodzi ya mbewu, l - 12.
Kuchedwa nkhaka
- Mphamvu yamizu - yamphamvu ndi nthambi;
- Nthawi yothirira - Meyi-Seputembala;
- Chiwerengero cha zakumwa - 9;
- Kuthirira nthawi - kuthilira koyamba - pakapangidwa masamba awiri kapena atatu, kuthirira kwachiwiri ndi kwachitatu - kudula kwamaluwa ndikutalika kwa masiku asanu, kuthirira kwachinayi ndi kwachisanu - panthawi yamaluwa ndikutalika kwa masiku anayi, kuyambira lachisanu ndi chimodzi mpaka la chisanu ndi chinayi - mu gawo la zipatso ndi gawo masiku asanu kutengera kukhalapo kwa mpweya;
- Mulingo wothirira, l / m2 - 25-35;
- Kugwiritsa ntchito madzi pa kilogalamu imodzi ya mbewu, l - 15.
Anyezi (wobzalidwa pansi)
- Mphamvu yamizu - ofooka;
- Nthawi yothirira - Meyi-Ogasiti;
- Chiwerengero cha zakumwa - 9;
- Kuthirira nthawi - nthawi yoyamba - pakubwera koyambirira (kupatulira), kuthilira kwachiwiri - patatha sabata, kuthirira kwachitatu - panthawi yachiwiri, kuyambira wachinayi mpaka wachisanu ndi chinayi - panthawi ya kukula kwa babu ndi nthawi yayitali ya masiku asanu, kutengera kukhalapo kwa mpweya;
- Mulingo wothirira, l / m2 - 25-35;
- Kugwiritsa ntchito madzi pa kilogalamu imodzi ya mbewu, l - 13.
Tomato mbande
- Mphamvu yamizu - wamphamvu;
- Nthawi yothirira - Juni-Ogasiti;
- Chiwerengero cha zakumwa - 8;
- Kuthirira nthawi - kuthirira koyamba kuyenera kuchitika mukadzala mbande, yachiwiri kuthirira - mu gawo lodzalirira, lachitatu ndi lachinayi - nthawi yamasamba ndi nthawi ya masiku atatu, yachisanu - kumayambiriro kwa mapangidwe a zipatso, kuyambira lachisanu ndi chimodzi mpaka lachisanu ndi chitatu - kumayambiriro kwa kucha ndi kututa nthawi yayitali masiku atatu kapena anayi, kutengera kukhalapo kwa mpweya;
- Mulingo wothirira, l / m2 - 35-40;
- Kugwiritsa ntchito madzi pa kilogalamu imodzi ya mbewu, l - 14.
Mbewu zopanda phwetekere
- Mphamvu yamizu - wamphamvu;
- Nthawi yothirira - Meyi-Ogasiti;
- Chiwerengero cha zakumwa - 7;
- Kuthirira nthawi - kuthilira koyamba - patatha chophukika (kupatulira), kuthilira kwachiwiri - panthawi yophukira, chachitatu ndi chachinayi - panthawi ya maluwa ndi nthawi yayitali ya masiku atatu, yachisanu - panthawi yopanga zipatso, yachisanu ndi chiwiri ndi chisanu ndi chiwiri - munthawi yakucha ndi kuyamba kucha;
- Mulingo wothirira, l / m2 - 30-35;
- Kugwiritsa ntchito madzi pa kilogalamu imodzi ya mbewu, l - 12.
Pepper
- Mphamvu yamizu - pafupifupi;
- Nthawi yothirira - Meyi-Seputembala;
- Chiwerengero cha zakumwa - 10;
- Kuthirira nthawi - kuthilira koyamba - mutabzala mbande, kuthilira kwachiwiri - nthawi yakukolola, kuyambira lachitatu mpaka lachisanu - panthawi ya maluwa ndi nthawi yayitali masiku anayi, kuthirira kwachisanu ndi chiwiri - panthawi yopanga zipatso ndi nthawi yayitali, kuyambira lachisanu ndi chitatu mpaka khumi - munthawiyo zipatso ndi gawo la masiku atatu .;
- Mulingo wothirira, l / m2 - 30-35;
- Kugwiritsa ntchito madzi pa kilogalamu imodzi ya mbewu, l - 20.
Biringanya
- Mphamvu yamizu - yamphamvu ndi nthambi;
- Nthawi yothirira - Meyi-Seputembala;
- Chiwerengero cha zakumwa - 10;
- Kuthirira nthawi - kuthilira koyamba - mutabzala mbande, kuthilira kwachiwiri - nthawi yakutuluka, kuyambira lachitatu mpaka lachisanu - panthawi yamaluwa ndi nthawi yayitali ya masiku asanu, kuthirira kwachisanu ndi chiwiri - panthawi yopanga zipatso ndi nthawi ya sabata, kuyambira pa eyiti mpaka khumi - munthawiyo kupanga zipatso kwa masiku anayi;
- Mulingo wothirira, l / m2 - 35-40;
- Kugwiritsa ntchito madzi pa kilogalamu imodzi ya mbewu, l - 22.
Kaloti
- Mphamvu yamizu - wamphamvu;
- Nthawi yothirira - Meyi-Seputembala;
- Chiwerengero cha zakumwa - 5;
- Kuthirira nthawi - kuthirira koyamba ndikofunikira patatha gawo limodzi (kupatulira), kuyambira lachiwiri mpaka lachisanu - pakapangidwe ndikukula kwa mizu ndi nthawi yayitali masiku asanu, kutengera kukhalapo kwa mpweya;
- Mulingo wothirira, l / m2 - 30;
- Kugwiritsa ntchito madzi pa kilogalamu imodzi ya mbewu, l - 8.
Beetroot
- Mphamvu yamizu - ofooka;
- Nthawi yothirira - Meyi-Ogasiti;
- Chiwerengero cha zakumwa - 5;
- Kuthirira nthawi - kuthirira koyamba ndikofunikira pambuyo pa kupatulira, kuyambira lachiwiri mpaka lachisanu - pakapangidwe ndikukula kwa mizu ndi nthawi yayitali masiku anayi, kutengera kukhalapo kwa mpweya;
- Mulingo wothirira, l / m2 - 35;
- Kugwiritsa ntchito madzi pa kilogalamu imodzi ya mbewu, l - 9.
Kubzala mbatata kasupe
- Mphamvu yamizu - ofooka;
- Nthawi yothirira - Meyi-Seputembala;
- Chiwerengero cha zakumwa - 4;
- Kuthirira nthawi - woyamba kuthirira - mu budding gawo, yachiwiri kuthirira - nthawi maluwa, lachitatu ndi lachinayi - munthawi ya tuberization ndi imeneyi sabata kutengera kukhalapo kwa mpweya;
- Mulingo wothirira, l / m2 - 35-40;
- Kugwiritsa ntchito madzi pa kilogalamu imodzi ya mbewu, l - 8.
Kubzala mbatata yachilimwe
- Mphamvu yamizu - ofooka;
- Nthawi yothirira - Meyi-Seputembala;
- Chiwerengero cha zakumwa - 6;
- Kuthirira nthawi - woyamba, wachiwiri ndi wachitatu - atamera mbande ndi masiku anayi, kuthirira kwachinayi - mugawo lachigawo, lachisanu ndi chisanu ndi chimodzi - mu gawo la tuberization ndikukhazikika kwa sabata kutengera kukhalapo kwa mvula;
- Mulingo wothirira, l / m2 - 40-45;
- Kugwiritsa ntchito madzi pa kilogalamu imodzi ya mbewu, l - 10.
Zachidziwikire, nthawi zonse muyenera kuyang'ana nyengo. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mvula yamvula yambiri yadutsa, ndipo nthawi yakwana yoti mutsirire mbewu, sikofunikira kuchita izi; m'malo mwake, ngati kunali kwakanthawi kochepa komanso kwamvula yaying'ono, ndiye kuti kuthirira kuyenera kuchitidwa moyenera, popeza mvula yotere imatha kunyowetsa dothi lokhalo pamwamba, ndipo muzuzu dothi limakhalabe louma.
