Kusaka mwakachetechete, kusodza kwa bowa, kusankha bowa - ndiye kusewera kosankha bowa ngati zosangalatsa. Inde, kulumikizana ndi chilengedwe, kukhudza zinsinsi zake ndichinthu chachikulu. Koma kungodya mphatso zodabwitsa za malo a amayi athu sichinthu chotsiriza. Koma kupita kuthengo kukasaka bowa, mwatsoka, sizotheka nthawi zonse.
Kulima bowa kunyumba
Ndi okangalika chotani nanga omwe sakulira lero m'mizinda yawo ndi ma dachas! Nanga bwanji osakonza bedi la bowa patsamba lanu?
Mfundo yoti bowa wa oyisitara, bowa ndi mitundu ina ya bowa yobzalidwa kale idadziwika kale. Nthawi zambiri, kuswana kwawo kumafuna chipinda chapadera ndi kutentha kofunikira komanso mpweya wokwanira, gawo lapansi, mycelium.
Kodi ndizotheka kulima bowa wamtchire pansi kuti ziwatengere chimodzimodzi monga m'nkhalango: kufalitsa masamba a udzu ndikuyang'ana pansi pa masamba? Akatswiri amayankha: inde, mungathe!
Momwe angakonzekerere dothi laka bedi bowa?
Funso ili ndilibe ntchito. Kupatula apo, zoyesayesa zonse zokulitsa bowa wamtchire pafupi ndi mitengo ya zipatso kapena mabulosi, komanso minda yomwe m'munda udalipo, sizikulephera. Ndikofunikira kupeza malo omwe mobwerezabwereza malo achilengedwe achilengedwe. Kuphatikiza apo, bowa wobzalidwa pansi pa mitengo yomwe nthawi zambiri imakula. Ngati wokonza dimba asankha kuswana bowa, ndiye kuti adzafunika thundu, labwino kwambiri kuposa zaka 30. Ngakhale ena akuti adayesetsa kulima bowa wa porcini pansi pa mikwingwirima ndi mitengo yamapirini ndipo ngakhale adadzitama kuti adachita bwino.
Tikufika timachitidwa mozungulira thunthu, koma osayandikira mita ndi theka kuchokera pamenepo. Ndondomeko amachitidwa patsiku lamitambo. Ndikofunikanso kuti malo a "bedi la bowa" ali mumthunzi.
Koma gawo lapansi liyeneranso kukonzekera. Kubzala bowa wa porcini, ndikofunikira kusakaniza ndowa ya peat dothi, mwachitsanzo, malo omwe agulidwa mu malo osungirako mbande ndi maplplant ndi makilogalamu awiri amvula yonyowa ya mitengo ya coniferous ndi ma kilogalamu awiri a masamba ogwa.
Kodi kupeza bowa mbande bowa?
M'malo mwake, ndibwino kutenga mycelium wamtchire m'nkhalango. Kuti muchite izi, chembani mosamala chidutswa cha malo 20 cm ndi 10 cm mulifupi kumene bowa wa porcini amakula. Koma mukuyenera kubweretsa mosamala bwino pamalo kuti musawononge mycelium.
Mutha kuphika mycelium nokha kuchokera ku bowa yokolola. Ndikofunika kuti gwero lazomwe linadulidwa pasanathe maola 10 pofika njira yomwe yankho linakonzedwa, osati kuzizirira komanso kuzizira.
Bowa wakucha bwino amasankhidwa, ufa pang'ono ndi zakudya zopangidwa kuchokera ku gelatin amawonjezeredwa. Madzi amenewa, ophatikizidwa ndi madzi, ankamwetsa nthaka pansi pa mtengo, womwe m'mbuyomu unkaphatikizidwa ndi gawo la peat, utuchi ndi masamba ogwa.
Pali njira inanso yopezera "bowa mbewu." Mycelium imangogulidwa m'masitolo apadera.
Kubzala bowa woyera wa mycelium
Kuzungulira thundu ndi radius wa 1.5 m, kukumba mabowo akuya masentimita 20 ndi mulifupi wa masentimita 10. Pakati pa mabowo muyenera kutsalira masentimita pafupifupi 30. Mutha kupanga mizere iwiri 2-3 ya mabowo oterowo, ndikuwayika panjira yoyendera.
Mycelium yodziwika bwino yopanga bowa wopanda mitengo, kugwiritsa ntchito shading yokumba ndi gawo lokhala ndi utuchi wazithunzithunzi, kulowetsedwa kwa khungwa la oak ndi ma acorn kuthirira. Kenako mabowo amakumbidwamo osati mozungulira, koma moyang'anizana.
Gawo lokonzedwa ndi lonyowa limayikidwa pansi pa mabowo okumbidwawo, ndiye kuti mwina okumbikakumbikako mycelium ayikapo (ndiye kuti mabowowo ayenera kuyikapo pang'ono), kapena gawo lapansi limataya ndi yankho lakelo la mycelium, kapena kuwaza ndi kugula. Ngati ndi kotheka, wowotchera bowa amayikira pambuyo poti wachoka kunkhalango. Boletus amafalitsidwa kumapeto kwa chirimwe komanso koyambilira kwa nthawi yophukira, pomwe amayamba nyengo yokakamiza matupi azipatso.
Kukula bowa kuchokera ku mycelium samamangidwa nthawi ya chaka. Ndikofunikira kupanga m'chipinda momwe amakonzera bowa, momwe muliri kutentha ndi chinyezi, komanso mpweya wabwino.
Kusamalira bedi bowa
Kodi chofunikira ndi chiyani kuti bowa abereke zipatso bwino? Inde, kuthirira nthawi zonse, kutentha kokwanira. Malinga ndi zonsezi, zipatso zoyambirira zimakondweretsa alimi a bowa chaka chamawa, nthawi zina chachiwiri.
Mukamagwiritsa ntchito yankho la mycelium kuchokera ku bowa wokololedwa, zokolola sizambiri, zomwe zimayamikiridwa ndi wamaluwa omwe adagula mycelium yopangidwa kale. Ndizotukwana kwambiri kuti pakatha zaka 4-5 mwina zitha kuima.
Pogwiritsa ntchito mycelium yokonzedwa, munthu amatha kuwerengera zaka 7-8 za bedi la bowa.
Kuti zokolola za bowa sizikuchepa, akatswiri amalangizidwa nthawi zonse kuyika zipewa za boletus pamalo osankhidwa, madzi okha ndi madzi wamba amvula, komanso kulowetsedwa kwa bowa wambiri.
Zachidziwikire, kusankha bowa m'mundamu sizingachitike m'malo mwake chisangalalo choyenda m'nkhalango posaka "antoshka pamwendo umodzi." Koma kwa achikulire ndi zinyenyeswazi zazing'ono kwambiri, kusinthanitsa ndi kusaka kwenikweni kwa bowa ndi chifukwa.
