Indoor fern: mitundu, zithunzi, chisamaliro cha kunyumba

Mitengo yakale kwambiri ya fern idalimidwa m'minda yobiriwira nthawi ya Victoria. Ndipo komabe zitsamba zodabwitsazi zodabwitsa ndizodziwika kwambiri. Nyumba zanyumba zokongoletsera nyumba ndi nyumba. Za kukula kwakukulu, mbewu zimabzyala m'maofesi, mahotela ndi mabungwe osiyanasiyana.

Zambiri mwa mbewuzi zimatha kupulumuka masoka achilengedwe osiyanasiyana komanso zimakhalabe ndi moyo nthawi zovuta kwambiri. Zina mwa izo ndizosavuta kubzala kunyumba. Komabe, kuti fern isangalale ndi mawonekedwe ake apamwamba komanso athanzi, ndikofunikira kuti mudziwe bwino malamulo ena kuti azisamalira.

Kufotokozera, mitundu ndi zithunzi za ferns zapakhomo

Ferns zonse ndizomera zamuyaya zapadziko lapansi za epiphytic. Amakhala ndi masamba ofupikirapo komanso masamba ofota. Pa timitengo tokhala ndi masamba, timapanganso malupu omwe amakhudzana ndi nthaka mwachangu. Pansi pamasamba a chomera ndi sporangia.

Mwachilengedwe, mitundu yoposa 10,000 yamadzi am'madzi, yapadziko lapansi, udzu, ndi mitengo yamitundu yambiri imamera. Kutengera ndi magawikidwe, amatha kumera m'nkhalango, m'madambo kapena m'matanthwe. Pakati pawo pali makanda ndi zimphonalomwe tsamba lake limaposa theka la mita. Mu mbewu za hygrophilous, masamba ndiwofewa, opangidwa mwamphamvu, ndipo ali ndi kuwala kobiriwira. Ferns yotsutsana ndi chilala imadziwika ndi masamba achikopa, nthawi zina ndi zokutira waxy.

Mitundu ya Indernor Ferns

Lero mitundu yambiri ya fern yoyenera kulima kunyumba. Otchuka kwambiri a iwo ndi:

1. Nephrolepis ndiye mtundu wodziwika kwambiri komanso wodziwika bwino wa fern kunyumba. Imakhala ndi rosette yochititsa chidwi, yomwe imapangidwa ndi masamba otseguka ndi masamba mkati. Kutalika kwa pepala lililonse kumafika masentimita 45-50.
2. Mtundu wa davallia kapena cleft paw umasiyanitsidwa ndi ma red shaggy rhizomes omwe amapachikika m'mphepete mwa omwe amabzala. Chomera chokhacho chimakhala ndi masamba obiriwira owoneka bwino.
3. Platicerium ndi mbewu yomwe masamba ake osaphika amamera mbali zosiyanasiyana ndipo amafanana kwambiri ndi nyanga za agwape. Pakati pake ndi masamba a bulauni amafanana ndi mutu wa kabichi.
4. Asplenium kapena ossicle ochokera ku mitundu ina ya fern amasiyana timapepala tosasanjika, tambiri tokhala m'mphepete mwa m'mphepete mwake. Sakonda pamene masamba ake agwira.
5. Blechnum kapena derbyanka kapangidwe kake ndizofanana ndi kanjedza. Mu chomera chachikulire, korona amafikira mita imodzi m'mimba mwake ndipo amakhala ndi wai yolimba.
6. Disconia ngati chomera chomera chimatha kukhala chokhacho akadali aang'ono. Popita nthawi, imakula kukhala mtengo wamtali, kutalika kwake kungafike mpaka 3-6 m.
7. Polypodium kapena millipede amadziwika ndi masamba ofala kwambiri omwe amapezeka pamitanda yopyapyala. Rhizome a mbewu amaterera ndikubowola pamwamba, ndipo chitsamba chokha chimatha kukula m'mlengalenga.

Kodi kusamalira fern kunyumba?

Kukula kogwira ntchito komanso mawonekedwe okongola a chomera mwachindunji kumatengera kukula kwa nyengo ndikutsatira malamulo osamalira.

Kuwala ndi kutentha

Ferns zamkati zimafunika nyali yoyatsidwa, koma yotetezedwa ndi dzuwa. Ambiri olima dimba amakhulupirira molakwika kuti mbewuzo ndizopatsa mthunzi. Komabe, pamtondo, chitsamba sichitha kukula ndipo mwina chimwalira. Chifukwa chake kuti masamba akhale akulu ndi athanzi,, chosasinthika koma chowala chofunikira chikufunika. Ndikofunika kuyika kapena kupachika mphika wa fern pafupi ndi zenera lakumwera.

Zitsamba zimamva bwino m'zipinda zomwe zimakhala ndi kutentha kwa mpweya mkati mwa 15- + 22 madigiri. Komabe mitundu ina ya ma fern ndimagulu enaPomwe ndikofunikira kuti pakhale zofunikira:

1. Kwa polypodium ndi pellet, kutentha kwa nyengo m'nyengo yozizira kumayenera kukhala pafupifupi +12 madigiri.
2. Asplenium, platycerium, nephrolepis ndi adiantum ndizomera zomwe zimakonda kutentha, kotero kutentha kwa mpweya pa nthawi yawo yobzala sikuyenera kugwa pansi pa +18 degrees.

Tiyenera kudziwa kuti mitundu yonse ya ma fern ngati malo okhala ndi mpweya wabwino, ndipo musalole kuti kuzizira kuzikhala ndi mpweya wabwino. M'chilimwe, miphika yokhala ndi mbewu imatha kuikidwa m'mundamo kapena khonde, m'malo otetezedwa ndi dzuwa.

Kuthirira ndi chinyezi

Mukamasamalira ferns kunyumba, njira ina yothirira ndiyofunika. Chomera chimafuna madzi ambiri. Muyenera kuthirira madzi pafupipafupiatangolowa dothi louma pang'ono. Njira yokwanira kuthirira imatengera kutentha kwa chipindacho. M'nyengo yotentha, mmera umamwetsa madzi kangapo pa sabata.

Kuyanika dothi kwa nthawi yayitali kumadetsa ferns. Muyenera kudziwa kuti duwa lomwe lakhala losakanizika ndi dongo kwa masiku angapo silidzatha kuthilira.

Chinyontho chokwanira cha mizu ya chomera chimavulanso. Ichi ndichifukwa chake ma fern amabzalidwa mu dothi lopanda madzi kuti chinyezi chambiri chikathiridwe. Pothirira zitsamba, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito madzi ofewa firiji.. Ndikofunikira kuti yophika kapena kusiyidwa kuti iyime kwa masiku angapo.

Ferns amakonda kwambiri chinyezi chambiri. Amayankha bwino kupopera mankhwala tsiku lililonse. Mu nyengo yotentha ndipo muzipinda zokhala ndi mabatire, mbewuyo imafunikira kuwaza kangapo patsiku kapena gwiritsani ntchito chinyontho chapadera. Zitsamba zimalimbikitsidwanso kusamba nthawi ndi nthawi.

Mavalidwe apamwamba

Ngati chomera chikakula sichilandira michere yoyenera, Mtundu wa masamba ake uyamba kukhala wotumbululuka, ndiye kuti ayamba kutembenuka chikasu. Chifukwa chake, kamodzi pa sabata kunyumba, zitsamba zimayenera kudyetsedwa ndi feteleza wapadera wamadzi.

Kuyambira kumapeto kwa Okutobala mpaka pakati pa Okutobala, nyakulayo iyenera kuchulukitsa katatu nthawi yonseyo. Ngati panthawiyi fern imasungidwa m'chipinda chozizirirapo, ndiye kuti sizingofunika kusiya kudya, komanso kuchepetsa kuthirira ndi theka.

Thirani Fern

Kusamalira fern yamkati kumaphatikizapo kuponyera pachaka kwa mbewu zazing'ono. Zomera zazikulu zokha zimatha pokhapokha mizu itadzaza mphika.

Vutoli limakhalapo chifukwa zitsamba zimapirira modulika ndikuzisintha ndikatha miyezi yambiri. Chifukwa chake njira transshipment tikulimbikitsidwakusintha chomera kuchokera mumphika umodzi kupita kwina popanda kuchotsa mizu ya dziko lapansi.

Nthawi yabwino kwambiri yosintha ndi masika. Kuti mupeze fern, muyenera kutola maluwa ambiri, otsika ndi nthaka yokhala ndi acidity kuyambira 5.0 mpaka 6.6 pH. Pofuna kudzikonzekeretsa osakaniza ndi dothi muyenera kusakaniza:

• peat - 1 gawo;
• humus - 1 gawo;
• pepala lapansi - gawo limodzi;
• mafupa chakudya - 1/5 gawo.

Pansi pa mphikawo, womwe uyenera kukhala wokulirapo masentimita 5 kuposa woyamba, madzi amathiridwa pansi, kenako moss amafalikira, ndipo gawo lapansi limathiridwa. Mbewu yabzalidwa ndipo mizu yake imagona dothi losakaniza kuti pasakhale zopanda kanthu pakati pawo.

Mutabzala kamodzi kwa milungu iwiri, mmera umafunika kuthirira wambiri.

Kufalikira kwa ma fern

Zomera zimabereka m'njira ziwiri:

• mikangano;
• kugawa chitsamba.

Mwachilengedwe, ferns imaberekanso ndi spores, komabe, izi ndizovuta kwambiri komanso zopweteka. Kunyumba, zitsamba zimafalitsidwa bwino kwambiri zikagawika pang'onopang'ono ndikugwetsa chitsamba.

Ndikulimbikitsidwa kupatulira mitsitsi yaying'ono ndi chomera chachikulu. Izi zikuyenera kuchitika mosamala kwambiri.kuti njirayi isawononge mizu. Ngati ndi kotheka, ayenera kupulumutsa malo ambiri momwe angathere.

Delenki pansi pamiphika yaying'ono yokonzedwa ndikukhala m'chipinda chofunda m'malo abwino. Munthawi yosinthira ndi kuzika kwamizu zofunikira zonse ziyenera kupangidwa kwa mbewu zazing'ono. Amafuna chinyezi chambiri komanso kuthirira yambiri. Kusakhalapo kwa wina kapena wina pachomera kudzakhala kowopsa.

Mavuto omwe angakhalepo ndi chisamaliro cha fern

Ngati mbewu pangani zofunikira ndi kumusamalira potsatira malamulo onse, ndiye kuti palibe vuto ndi kulima. Komabe, pazinthu zamkati, zitsamba zimatha kukhudzidwa ndi tizirombo tina:

1. Ma nsabwe za m'masamba, zopondera komanso tizilombo tambiri tating'onoting'ono timatha kuwoneka pamalowo ngati chipinda chili chowuma. Chifukwa chake, posamalira fern, kupopera kwake mankhwalawa kumafunikira. Tizilombo tikawoneka, ndiye kuti chomera chimagwiridwa ndi mankhwala apadera.
2. Nematode amakhudza zitsamba zomwe zimathiriridwa ndi madzi ozizira okhala ndi chlorine yambiri. Zomera zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi kachilomboka zimasanduka zachikasu ndipo masamba oma. Tchire liyenera kuikidwa mwachangu m'nthaka yatsopano, popeza kale limathandizira chomeracho ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Koma njirayi singathandize fern.

Mukakulitsa fern m'malo osakwanira, imatha kuchita chikaso ndi kupukuta masamba. Zomwe zimayambitsa kupukutidwa kwa masamba zimalimbikitsidwa kuti ziphunzire.

1. Kuthirira ndi madzi ozizira.
2. Kuthirira ndi chlorine wambiri.
3. Zojambula.
4. Kukula chomera m'chipinda chozizira kwambiri.
5. Kuwonetsedwa ndi dzuwa.
6. Kutentha kwambiri komanso mpweya wouma kwambiri wamkati.

Dziwani kuti madontho a bulauni omwe amakhala pamphepete mwa masamba a fern ndi mbewu zambiri za mbewuzo, zomwe olima ena amatenga tizirombo.

Kusankha fern ngati chomera, simudzanong'oneza bondo. Zisamba zodabwitsa izi zimakhala ndipo zimakula bwino nthawi zosiyanasiyana.. Ndipo chisamaliro choyenera, amawoneka okongola komanso okongola, amakongoletsa chipindacho ndikukumbukira nkhalangoyi.