Munda wa Basamu: Kulima mbewu, kubzala ndi kusamalira

Chifukwa cha maluwa okongola ataliatali komanso kusachita bwino, basamu wakhala akutchuka ngati chomera. Pakadali pano, duwa limagwiritsidwa ntchito pokulima kutchire, kukongoletsa ndi maluwa akuluakulu, minda yakutsogolo, mabedi a maluwa, mabedi a maluwa ndi malire. Kutengera zonse zofunika kubzala ndi chisamaliro, mafuta a basamu amatha kubzala kuchokera ku mbewu ndikusirira maluwa ake kwanthawi yayitali.

Munda wa Basamu: chithunzi, mafotokozedwe, mitundu

Zomera zake zitsamba 25 mpaka 50 cm. Pa masamba ake ataliatali, amtundu wamtundu womwe ukukulira, mawonekedwe a m'malovu, ndichifukwa chake basamu adalandira dzina lachiwiri "Vanka chonyowa."

Pansi pamasamba, mawonekedwe akulu a maluwa, omwe amatha kukhala osiyanasiyana mithunzi. Mwachilengedwe, maluwa a basamu amakhala ndi maluwa ofiirira ndi apinki. Zomera zamtundu wosakanizidwa zimatha kukhala ndi maluwa osavuta kapena awiriawiri amitundu yosiyanasiyana, kupatula buluu ndi wachikasu. Pambuyo poti ma inflorescence atsegulidwa kwathunthu, mawonekedwe a spurs amapezeka mwa iwo. Kutchire, maluwa ayambira kumapeto kwa Meyi - pakati pa Juni ndipo akupitilira mpaka matalala.

M'makhalidwe a bals Vitamini, pali mitundu yambiri. Zoweta zidulidwa mitundu yapadera yamundamonga:

1. Balsamu wa m'munda "Tom Tamb" ndi chomera chamadzi chamtundu uliwonse chomwe chimakula mpaka 25cm. Masamba ake achifundo a serrate ali ndi lanceolate mawonekedwe. Maluwa angapo owala bwino amatha kukhala oyera, ofiira, ofiirira, ofiirira kapena apinki.
2. Chomera cha Camellia chimakhala ndi piramidi, masamba ake komanso maluwa okhala ndi mainchesi ofikira mpaka 4. Mu June, maluwa a cameliform terry amawonekera pachitsamba 25 cm, mtundu wake womwe ungakhale woyera mpaka utoto.
3. Mabakitamini "Akuluakulu" ndi osiyanasiyana ndipo amatha kukhala ndi maluwa osavuta komanso awiriawiri amitundu yosiyanasiyana. Nthawi zambiri, izi ndi tchire loyambira 25-30 cm, limaphuka kwambiri nyengo yonse ndi maluwa ofiira, nsomba, carmine kapena maluwa ofiira. Mitundu yawo ya petals imatha kukhala monophonic, kapena kukhala ndi mikwendo yopepuka.
4. Mitundu yosakanizika ya Dwarf yopangidwa kuti izikongoletsa makonde ndi loggias. Tchifupi tating'onoting'ono timene timamera mpaka masentimita 18-20, timakhala ndi masamba a lanceolate ndi maluwa owala. Mitundu yawo ya petal imatha kukhala yamitundu yosiyanasiyana kuchokera ku pinki kupita ku lilac-violet.

Kufalikira kwa mafuta a basamu

"Wonyowa" Pali njira ziwiri zokulitsira:

1. Mbewu.
2. Kudula.

Kufalitsa mbewu kunyumba

Mukakulitsa mafuta a basamu kuchokera kunyumba, mutha kupeza chomera chamaluwa choyambirira.

M'mwezi wa February komanso koyambirira kwa Marichi, kufesa kumachitika ndikudzaza ndi dothi lapadera mbande. Kusakaniza kwadothi kumakonzedwa kuchokera kumadera ofanana a dimba lanyumba, peat ndi mchenga wowuma. Ziyenera kukhala zopepuka komanso zopumira.

Mbewu zimayalidwa wina ndi mnzake motalikirana ndi masentimita 3-4. Mbewuyo imakonda kuwala, kotero simungathe kuwaza mbewu pamwamba panthaka. Nthaka imakhudzidwa ndimadzi ofunda ndikuphimbidwa ndi galasi kapena polyethylene. Zotsatira zake ndi mini greenhouse pomwe mbande zimabwera limodzi mosangalatsa. Zombozo zimayikidwa pamalo otentha, nthaka imathandizira kupuma tsiku lililonse.

Zikangomera kumene, mbande zimabisala pamalo abwino. Kusamalira ndikuwonetsetsa kuti dothi lonyowa. Masamba enieni awiri atabowoka, mbewuzo zimadumphira m'mbale osiyana. Zimayambira ndi mizu ya basamu ndiosalimba, motero kumuika umachitika mosamala. Masamba atangomera ndi pa iwo Masamba 6-8 adzawonekera, mutha kuzitsina. Poterepa, mizu yake imakhala yolimba komanso chomera chobowoka.

Ngati simukufuna kusokoneza mbande, ndiye kuti mutha kumera basamu kuchokera panthaka panthaka. Mbewu zofesedwa itatha chisanu chomaliza m'nthaka yokonzekereratu ndi yokutidwa ndi polyethylene kapena acrylic pamwamba. Mbande izimera pafupifupi masiku 5-7.

Kufalikira ndi kudula

Tchire la Basamu zosavuta kudula, mizu ndikukula ndikukhala mbewu zokongola zatsopano. Kudula kumatha kuchitika nthawi iliyonse pachaka. Izi zikufunika:

1. Dulani zodula 5-6 masentimita kutalika, chilichonse chomwe chimayenera kukhala ndi masamba osachepera 3-5.
2. Chotsani masamba pansi, ikani zigawo m'madzi ndikuziyika pamalo oyenda.
3. Pakadutsa masiku pafupifupi 7-10, mizu imadzawonekera, ndipo zodulidwazo zingabzalidwe kunyumba m'miphika kapena nthawi yomweyo panthaka.

Kusamalira zodulidwa mutabzala m'nthaka ndikuwapatsa kuwunikira bwino, kutentha mkati mwa 20-22C ndi kuthirira nthawi zonse. Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti simukuyenera kukhala akhama kwambiri pothira nthaka, chifukwa masamba a basamu amatha kuwola.

Mafuta a Basamu: Kubzala ndi kusamalira poyera

Ndikofunika kukulitsa "Vanka chonyowa" kumadzulo kapena kumma chakumunda kwa mundawo. Pansi pa kuwala kwachilengedwe, mbewuyo imatenga masamba ndipo imaphuka nthawi yayitali. Mabasi obzalidwa mumthunzi ndi aatali, koma ali ndi pafupifupi 50% kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha maluwa. Ngati malo obzala zitsamba za dzuwa ndi dzuwa, ndiye kuti nthawi yotentha kuchokera nthawi yamasana iyenera kuti isinthidwe.

Itha kuyikidwa ndi mbewu iliyonse, koma imakula bwino ndikuwoneka ndi verbena, fuchsia, begonia kapena ageratum.

Zowongolera

Mbeu zobzalidwa kunyumba zakonzeka kubzala m'nthaka nthawi yomweyo chisanu chithe. Ndikofunikira kukonzekereratu panthawiyi, ndikumapita ndi zotungira zocheperako kwa maola angapo pa khonde kapena m'munda.

Maenje okubzala basamu azikhala padera pa mtunda wa 25-30 cm. Ngati dothi silopanda chopatsa thanzi, ndiye kuti peat, humus pang'ono ndi mchenga zimawonjezeredwa ku bowo lililonse.

Mbande zimachotsedwa mosamala mumiphika, ndikukonzedwanso mu recess, yodzazidwa ndi osakaniza a dothi, madzi ndi mulched. Kuti tipeze chitsamba chachikulu, pamwamba pa basamu titha kudina.

Kuthirira ndi kudyetsa

Mafuta a basamu amakonda dothi lonyowa osasenda madzi. Zomera zimayenera kuthiriridwa pafupipafupi komanso zochuluka, apo ayi masamba ake amayamba kupindika, kukhazikika, kuzimiririka ndi kutha. Kutsirira kumachitika madzulo madzulo dzuwa litalowa. Pama mvula, chomera sichithirira madzi.

Masabata awiri aliwonse, ndikofunikira kuti ndidyetse tchire ndi feteleza wovuta kuphuka maluwa. Ndi zofunika kuti mwa iwo nayitrogeni ndi potaziyamu analiponso. Pankhaniyi, ma basamu amakhala osangalala kwa nthawi yayitali ndi maluwa ake okongola.

Kuti tchire la "Vanka chonyowa" lisungidwe ndi maluwa kwanthawi yayitali, maluwa owongoka komanso otayika ayenera kuchotsedwa nthawi zonse.

Kodi mungapeze bwanji mbewu za basamu wamunda?

Mabakiteriya ochokera ku maluwa obzala m'mundawo amatha kuchepetsedwa kuchokera ku mbewu zomwe zimatengedwa palokha. Chakumapeto kwa Ogasiti, nthangala zimakhwima m'mabokosi obiriwira am'madzi omwe amatha kukolola ndikuwasunga mpaka masika. Popeza bokosi lakucha limaphulika mosavuta likakhudzidwa, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti lizisonkhanitsa nthangala zamaluwa osapsa.

Mpaka kukhwima kwathunthu, mabokosi amaikidwa m'chipinda chowuma. Mbeu zikakhwima ndikuuma, zimayikidwa m'mabokosi kapena m'matumba ndipo zimasungidwa pamtunda wozungulira 0- + 10C.

Matenda ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a basamu

Monga chomera chilichonse chomwe chimabzala kutchire, mavitamini a balsamu amatha Matenda ndi tizilombo:

1. Kangaudeyu amakonda masamba a balsamu kwambiri, amawakhazika pamiyala ndikuwamwetsa msuzi. Popewa, mmera umagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi sopo. Potenga matenda, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi mankhwala apadera ndikofunikira.
2. Zithunzi za Viral zimawoneka ngati masamba a wavy okhala ndi mawanga achikaso. Vutoli limafalikira ndi nsabwe za m'masamba ndi kupindika. Kupewa komanso kuchiza kumathandizira pochiza zomerazi pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa.
3. Masamba a bronze amachititsa kupindika kwawo ndikuchepetsa kukula. Masamba amakwinyidwa koyamba kenako ndikugwa. Zomera zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi matendawa zimachotsedwa kwathunthu.
4. Zojambula zozungulira zimakhudza masamba. Amakhala okhazikika, osakhazikika komanso owuma. Mafuta a mavitamini choyamba amayamba kutha, kenako nkufa kwathunthu. Masamba omwe amakhudzidwa amachotsedwa, ndipo chomeracho chimathandizidwa ndi fungicides.

Paminda ya m'minda, ma balsamu amawoneka bwino m'minda yamagulu. Zomera zokhazokha wogwira ntchito kwambiri m'miphika ndi m'mbale. Ndi chithandizo chawo, mutha kukongoletsa malo "omwe simunakhaleko", khonde lotopetsa kapena loggia yayikulu. Popeza kubzala ndi kusamalira basamu sikutenga nthawi yayitali, sizingakhale zovuta kutembenuzira duwa wamba kukhala dimba lokhalamo maluwa lokhala ndi mitundu yambiri.