Pansi pa mtengo m'munda

Atabzala dimba ndikuwona malo opanda kanthu pakati pa mitengo yaying'ono, mwininyumbayo nthawi yomweyo amayamba kukhala mmera ndi zina zomwe akufuna. Ndipo amachita zoyenera, mwanjira yonga yamabizinesi. Komabe, iye samadziwa nthawi zonse zomwe zingabzalidwe pansi pa mitengo, ndipo zomwe siziri, momwe mitengoyo ingayikidwe pafupi, ndipo momwe kusungidwa kwa "ogona" m'mundamo sikungawonongere mbewu. Tiyeni tiwone zosankha zakukonza mabwalo oyandikira ndi thunthu ndi kupendekeka kwa mzere.

Momwe mungasungire mabwalo

Mu zaka 2-3 zoyambirira za mitengo yaying'ono, pamakhala mabwalo oyandikira pafupi ndi tsinde ndi 1.5-2. Pazaka 6-7, amakulitsidwa mpaka mainchesi 3. Ndipo Pofika zaka zapakati pa 10 mpaka 12, mizu ya mitengo idalowa kwathunthu. Mukayika mitengo mu mzere mtunda waufupi wina ndi mzake, m'malo mwa mtengo wopunthira, mzere wa thunthu umatsalira, womwe umayang'aniridwa chimodzimodzi ngati bwalo. Dothi la mitengo ikuluikulu komanso mikwingwirima ikhoza kusungidwa pansi pa nthunzi yakuda, yokutidwa ndi mtundu wina wa zinthu za mulching, kapena yobzalidwa ndi masamba oyambira pansi, ndikugwiritsanso ntchito ngati gawo lokongoletsa malo.

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Wakuba wakuda

Panyengo yonse yakukula, malo osasunthika a thunthu amazimatula nthawi zonse, ndikuwononga namsongole ndikusunga chinyontho. Ngati mvula yokwanira igwa kumapeto kwa chilimwe ndi chilimwe, nthaka imamasulidwa katatu nthawi yotentha, ngati kuli mvula yochepa - nthawi 5-6. Dothi lolemera limalimidwa nthawi zambiri kuposa dothi lopepuka. Mvula ikadzala ndi kuthilira munthawi youma, nthaka imasungidwanso. M'dzinja amalikumba: pafupi ndi tsinde lakuya masentimita 5-8, kuchokera pamenepo - 12-15 cm. Kukumba pansi pa mwala wazipatso zamitengo ndi mitengo pamitengo yam'mlengalenga kumachitika pang'ono masentimita 3-4. Ngati dothi lili louma koyambilira kwa nthawi yophukira, kukumba kumachotsedwa tsiku lina kapena kumapeto. Pamadothi amchenga ndi mchenga, amatha m'malo mwake ndikunyowa kwambiri. Loam amakumbidwa kamodzi pachaka 2-3, ndipo nthaka ndiolimba pomapangika chaka chilichonse.

Kudula mitengo ikuluikulu ya mitengo ndi mikwingwirima ndi njira imodzi yabwino kwambiri yosungiririra dothi m'mundamo. Mulch amachepetsa kuchepa chinyezi, amateteza mizu kuti isazizidwe ndi kuzizira, imathandizira kukonza dothi, imalepheretsa mapangidwe akuthamanga kwa nthaka, imachepetsa kusinthasintha kwa kutentha kwa tsiku ndi tsiku, imalepheretsa kumera, imathandizira njira za microsidal m'nthaka, komanso zimathandizira zakudya zamasamba. Wonongerani dothi lililonse, pokhapokha mutakhala wothira. Mulching ndi yothandiza kwambiri pamadothi opepuka - dothi lamchenga komanso mchenga, komanso m'malo opanda chinyezi. Mutabzala mmera wazipatso, bwalo lozungulira limalungika m'lifupi mwake masentimita 0.7-1 ndi masentimita 4-5. Monga zida za mulching, zinyalala za peat, udzu wowongoka, utuchi, feteleza wachilengedwe, zotsalira za mbewu, singano, masamba, masamba agwa, pepala lapadera limagwiritsidwa ntchito. polima ndi zinthu zina. M'zaka zaposachedwa, mulch watsopano wawoneka - pine nutshell. Ndizokongoletsa kwambiri ndipo zimatha kuchita zoposa chaka chimodzi. Filimu yakuda ya polyvinyl chloride imagwiritsidwanso ntchito kupangira mulching. Imakutidwa ndi bwalo wamtengo muutali wa 1-1.5 m.Mphepete mwa filimuyo mumayikidwa m'mango ndi akuya masentimita 10-12 ndipo yokutidwa ndi dothi. Nthawi yomweyo, palibe chifukwa chomvera, chinyezi chimasungidwa bwino pansi pa filimuyo. Zida zopangira ulusi wakuda wosapanga ((Lutrasil 60 UV, Agril, Spanbond, ndi zina) amagulanso. Iwo, akaphika, amagwiranso ntchito zofanana ndi filimuyo, koma ali ndi zabwino: amapita madzi ndi mpweya bwino.

Bwalo lozungulira - zokongoletsera zamunda

Zingwe zozungulira zingakhale zokongoletsa kwambiri ngati mutasandutsa dimba laling'ono la maluwa. Muyeso wofunikira - mtengowo uzikhala ndi malo okwanira masentimita 65-70 ndi nthambi zokwezedwa pamwamba pa nthaka. Maluwa, otsika, okhala ndi mthunzi komanso osazama mizu amasankhidwa. Muthanso kubzala mbewu zamaluwa zoyambirira (chipale chofewa, muscari, ma hyacinths, tulips, ndi zina), kapena mutha kukhazikitsa dimba laling'ono lamiyala.

Momwe mungasungire kanjira

Zolinganiza mzere. M'minda ing'onoing'ono, mitengo sigwiritsa ntchito bwino zakudya zomwe zidaperekedwa kwa iwo, chifukwa chake timasamba timene timakhala. M'minda yamtchire, zokolola zingapo ndizovomerezeka - ndiwo zamasamba: kaloti, radishi, beets ya tebulo, radara, rutabaga, anyezi, adyo, letesi, sipinachi, nandolo, nyemba, zukini, mbatata, ndi maluwa. Zomera zazitali kwambiri (mpendadzuwa, chimanga, fodya, ndi zina) sizabwino kukula, chifukwa zimatha kubisa mitengo yaying'ono, komanso beets ndi shuga.

M'minda yayitali kwambiri ya apulo ndi peyala, mbewu zamtundu umodzi zitha kubzalidwa mpaka zaka zisanu ndi zitatu, mu minda yazipatso pamtunda wazitali komanso wamtali, pomwe malo ochepa, mzere wobzala pakati umasinthidwa kukhala zaka 3-4, ndipo mu mtunda wautali, mzere wosiyidwa wasiyidwa. Mulimonsemo, munthu sayenera kubzala mbewu zapakati pa mitengo ikuluikulu ndi mikwingwirima. Chovuta china: okonda ena amakhala osokoneza bongo mpaka amabzala zipatso kapena ndiwo zamasamba mpaka mtengo. Ngati mundawo sutha kupitirira zaka zitatu, mbewu zoyendera limodzi zimayikidwa mtunda wa 0.5-1 mamita kuchokera pa tsinde, ngati mundawo ndi wa zaka 4-8 - mtunda wa 1.5-2 m.

Aisle - nthunzi yakuda

M'munda wobala zipatso, pomwe nduwira zake zatsekedwa, dothi limakhala lofunikira pansi pa chimbudzi chakuda, kusunthira kumtunda kwake osabisalira. Koma ndikakhala ndi nthaka kwanthawi yayitali pansi pa nthunzi yakuda, kapangidwe kake kamachepa, chonde chimachepa, komanso kukokoloka pamtsetse kumawonjezereka.

Wanyama wakuda - siderates

M'minda yomwe ili pakatikati pakatikati, njira yolimbira imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, momwe, kupangira nthaka ndi michere ndi kukonza malo ake, mbewu za manyowa zobiriwira zimabzalidwa feteleza wobiriwira, ndikuphatikiza ndi nthaka yomwe ili pansi pa nthunzi yakuda. Siderata yofesedwa kumapeto kwa Juni - koyambirira kwa Julayi pa mbewu ya (g / m2): lupine 18-22, buckwheat 8-10, nand 15-18, phacelia 1.5, mpiru 2, vetch oat osakaniza 16 (vetch 10, oats 6), pea-oat osakaniza 18 (nandolo 12, oats 6), lupine ndi phacelia 11 (lupine 10, phacelia 1), wogwiririra 0.6-1. Zachideru mbewu zimadulidwa ndikubzala mu kugwa. Pafupifupi 3 makilogalamu a mbewu zobzalidwa pa 1 m2 ya mbewu ndi wofanana kupanga 1 - 1.5 makilogalamu a manyowa.

Kufesa mbewu zobiriwira manyowa ndizothandiza kwambiri nyengo yamvula, koma pamavuto ndibwino kuti izi zisachitike. Kuchita kwakukulu kumatheka ngati ma nyemba (lupins, phacelia, vetch, nandolo) amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati siderates, popeza amalemeretsa nthaka ndi nayitrogeni. Pamadothi amchenga ndi dongo, kufesa lupine kumapereka zotsatira zabwino, ndi pazidothi zokulirapo - mpiru kapena phacelia. Zomwe zimayambira mu nthaka m'nthaka mwachangu zimawola, ndikuwonjezera zomanga zomwe zimapezeka munthawiyo panthawi yomwe zikufunika kwambiri ndi mitengo yazipatso.

Kusintha kwachikhalidwe

M'malo okhala ndi chinyezi chochulukirapo, m'minda yothiriridwa, komanso m'malo otsetsereka ndi malo otetezeka, ndibwino kuti nthaka isasungidwe mwachikhalidwe. Kuti izi zitheke, mbewuzo zimabzalidwa ndi udzu wokhazikika, womwe nthawi zambiri umalungidwa, ndipo udzu wosemedwamo umasiyidwa kapena kumakungidwa m'mphepete mwa tsinde (mosiyana ndi udzu wokongoletsa, pomwe udzu umapangidwa kunja). Popita pachilimwe, kutchetcha kumachitika 5-8. Tinthu tosaneneka pang'ono pang'ono timawola ndikulemeretsa nthaka ndi kanthu kena, komwe kumapangitsa popanda feteleza wa organic, kumathandizira kapangidwe kake ndi madzi ambiri m'dothi. Zitsamba zabwino kwambiri zokhala ndi sodding kwa nthawi yayitali ndi msuzi wa udzu wa meform fescue (60%) ndi meadow bluegrass (40%). Mulingo wa mbewu ndi 4-4,5 t / m2.

Ndikutchetcha. Posachedwa, alimi ambiri amateur amagwiritsa ntchito zofunda zomwe sizimafuna kutchera mitengo. Omwe amafalitsa kwambiri ndi Polevosnaya ndi periwinkle. Polevosnaya mphukira - chomera champhesa chamadzulo chimapezeka paliponse ku gawo lankhondo ku Europe. Mphukira zofalikira pansi ndikuzika mizu, kutalika kwa msipu wa udzu ndi 10-12 cm. Mizu yochepa ili pamtunda wa masentimita 5-7. Chipolopolo chimafalikira ndi mbewu, ma nthangala, maudzu obiriwira, mphukira zapadziko lapansi. Periwinkle ndi chomera chamuyaya, chofalikira mu chikhalidwe cha gulu lapakati. Ichi ndi chitsamba chosasaka bwino. Gawo lozungulira ndi mizu ndilochepa. Mitengo ya Periwinkle imabzala bwino mu mbali ya mizu yokhazikika ndipo pofika chakumapeto kwa chaka chachiwiri cha kukula imapanga kapeti wokuluka wa masamba ndi masamba, imachepetsa namsongole, imateteza mizu ya mitengo kuti isazizire komanso imalepheretsa kukokolokoka kwa nthaka m'minda yomwe ili m'malo otsetsereka.

Zida zogwiritsidwa ntchito:

• L. Yurina, Woyankha wa Sayansi ya Zaulimi, Moscow