Mmodzi mwa oimira odabwitsa a banja la Rununculaceae ndi aquilegia. Kwa nthawi yoyamba, bambo adakumana naye kumbuyo m'zaka za zana la chisanu ndi chiwiri ndipo kuyambira nthawi imeneyi, mbewuyi idayamba kubzalidwa m'malo osiyanasiyana padziko lapansi.
Madzi am'madzi, omwe nthawi zambiri amatchedwa kuti ngalawa, amakhala osangalatsa kwambiri chifukwa cha kusachita kwawo komanso maonekedwe ake okongola. Chomera sichikukula ndikuwunika, kotero chimatha kudzalidwa pansi pa korona yamitengo. Pokhala chomera choletsa kuzizira, aquilegia imatha kulolera nyengo yachisanu popanda padera lapadera. Zomera zingabzalidwe pa dothi losauka pomwe limatha kumera popanda kuthandizidwa kwazaka zambiri.
Ma botanical
Ngakhale mtundu wa aquilegia mitundu yoposa 100 yamtchire, ambiri mwa iwo sadziwika kwa olima maluwa ambiri, popeza amangopezeka mwachilengedwe. Zizindikiro zazikulu za aquilegia, zomwe zimatha kuzindikirika pakati pa abale ena, ndi maluwa osazungulira pamitundu yosiyanasiyana, yomwe imakhala ndi kupendekera kwapamwamba komwe kumakwaniritsa bwino masamba omwe adaphimba ndi maluwa okongola kwambiri.
Masamba opezeka ndi ochepa kwambiri kukula kwake ndipo ali ndi kutalika kosaposa 5cm komanso mulifupi masentimita 2-3. Chophimba masamba sichikhala ndi mphamvu yosungiramo madzi, chifukwa chake, m'mawa, mame akagwa, komanso mvula ikagwa, chinyontho chimayenda pansi. Maluwa amakhala ndi whisk, womwe umapangidwa ndi miyala isanu yosiyana yopanga mawonekedwe a chofunda, chokongoletsedwa ndi spurs, ndi manda asanu. Masamba amatengedwa mu rosette, pomwe zimayambira, pomwe zimatha kukula 20 cm mpaka 1 kutalika kwa mbewuyo kutengera mitundu ndi mitundu. Tsinde palokha limakutidwa ndi masamba ndi ma pedunances, lokhala ndi mawonekedwe a panicles okhala ndi maluwa 8-12, kapena maluwa amodzi.
Duwa limayamba kulowa m'mwezi wa June. Maluwa sakhala otseguka kwa nthawi yayitali - pafupifupi sabata limodzi. Komanso kumatulutsa nthawi yochepa, komwe kumatha mwezi umodzi. Aquilegia ndipamene mizu yolimba, yopatsa makulidwe pafupi ndi maziko, yomwe imalowa pansi kwambiri.
Kuyandikira kugwa kumapangidwa zipatso - tsamba la masamba. Ili ndi nthangala zazing'ono zakuda zomwe, zikatsegulidwa, zimanyamulidwa ndi mphepo.
Mitsinje yam'mawa yaku Europe ili ndi mawonekedwe awo. Izi zimawonekera posakhalapo ndi Spurs, komanso maonekedwe awo achikasu. Ku Europe, nthawi zambiri mbewuzo zimakhala ndi maluwa, zomwe zimapereka maluwa owala, omwe nthawi zina amakula. Aquilegia omwe amakula kumpoto kwa North America ali ndi mawonekedwe osiyana: amapanga ma spurs olunjika komanso aatali, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mthunzi wowala, wopangidwa ndi mitundu iwiri.
Mitundu ndi mitundu
Kudutsa ma hybrids ambiri zinapangitsa kuti masiku ano mitundu yambiri yazachilendo kwambiri ikapezeka kuti ikulime, yodziwika ndi phale lautoto, mawonekedwe, terry, maluwa kukula ndi kutalika kwa mbewu. Zambiri mwa izo zimaperekedwa kwa olimitsa maluwa.
Zophatikiza za MacCana. Izi ndi mitundu yayitali kwambiri, yomwe imatha kupitirira 1 m, imapanga maluwa, ozungulira m'mwamba, okhala ndi ma spurs atali, omwe amatha kukhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana;- Sortoseriya Nyenyezi. Kuphatikiza mitundu Yofiyira, Pinki, Mtambo, Woyera, Buluu. Chizindikiro chodziwika ndi kupezeka kwa pakati yoyera. Maluwa amakula ochepa, amafika kutalika kosaposa 10 cm, okhala ndi spurs yayitali. Zomera zokha zimatha kutalika 60-80 cm;
- Zosiyanasiyana Barlow. Zomera zazikulu zimafika kutalika kwa 60-80 masentimita, kutalika kwa maluwa kulibe kupitirira 4-6 cm, zimasiyanitsidwa ndi terry yotchulidwa, yolowetsa petals, koma yopanda spurs;
- Zosiyanasiyana nsanja. Munjira zambiri, zofanana ndi kalasi yapitayo. Kusiyanako kuli konsekonse mozungulira mawonekedwe a pamakhala, omwe amafanana ndi rosette;
- Queens: Chikasu ndi Pinki. Amatha kutalika kwakukulu, amapanga maluwa okhala ndi zokongoletsera bwino. Ngakhale izi zimayamba kutulutsa mochedwa kuposa ena ambiri, gawo ili limatenga nthawi yayitali, ndipo maluwa ambiri amapangidwa;
- Winky. Wamitundu yayikulu-yaying'ono yomwe imapangira ma peduncle olimba. Umayamba kutulutsa m'mawa kwambiri, umakhala ndi tryy maluwa, maluwa amakhala m'mwamba;
- Biedermeier. Mitundu yayitali-yaying'ono yomwe imatha kukula mpaka 25-30 cm.Munthuyu m'banjamo amatha kukula m'miphika. Maluwa ali ndi terry yotchulidwa, kukula kwa gawo ndi 3-5 cm;
- Cameo. Mitundu yotsika pang'ono yomwe imatha kukula mpaka masentimita 15. Imalowa m'magawo osachedwa kwambiri; maluwa amakhala ndi phale lokongola.
Zophatikiza za MacCana. Izi ndi mitundu yayitali kwambiri, yomwe imatha kupitirira 1 m, imapanga maluwa, ozungulira m'mwamba, okhala ndi ma spurs atali, omwe amatha kukhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana;Awa ndi gawo limodzi la mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma aquilegia omwe amapezeka m'misika yamaluwa.
Zinthu zikukula
Monga momwe zimakulira chomera chilichonse, ndikofunikira kuti aquilegia apange zinthu zabwino kwambiri, zomwe zimatsimikiziridwa ndi zosowa zake. Ali Itha kumera pafupifupi panthaka iliyonse, kupatula katundu wolemera.
Ngati mukufuna kukwaniritsa maluwa ochulukirapo, kuti maluwa ndi okulirapo komanso kutalika kwa nthawi yayitali, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti musankhe malo okhala ndi masamba oti mudzaliridwe. Izi ziyenera kukumbukiridwa, chifukwa pali mitundu ya aquilegia yomwe mthunzi umatha kupha. Ngati mukukula mbewu pakona yakuda, pamakhala ngozi yotenga matenda. Ngati pakati pa tsiku lonse lidzayatsidwa ndi dzuwa, ndiye kuti maluwawo akula pang'ono;- chidwi chachikulu chiyenera kulipidwa pakukonzekera maenje obzala. Ayenera kukhala ndi kuya pafupifupi masentimita 20. Asanayike mbande, ayenera kudzazidwa ndi mchere. Mtengowo ukayamba kukula, ndikofunikira kuti nthaka isasunthike ndikuwonetsetsa kuti madzi samayenda;
- Zomera sizikhala pafupi kwambiri ndi 20 cm. Mitundu yotsika mtengo, mtunda umakulitsidwa mpaka 40. Komanso, kubzala mbewu m'malo ochepa dzuwa kuyenera kukhala kocheperako. Izi zipangitsa kuti pakhale mpweya wabwino kwambiri, womwe umateteza aquilegia ku matenda.
Ngati mukufuna kukwaniritsa maluwa ochulukirapo, kuti maluwa ndi okulirapo komanso kutalika kwa nthawi yayitali, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti musankhe malo okhala ndi masamba oti mudzaliridwe. Izi ziyenera kukumbukiridwa, chifukwa pali mitundu ya aquilegia yomwe mthunzi umatha kupha. Ngati mukukula mbewu pakona yakuda, pamakhala ngozi yotenga matenda. Ngati pakati pa tsiku lonse lidzayatsidwa ndi dzuwa, ndiye kuti maluwawo akula pang'ono;Chomera ichi amayankha momasuka ndikumasulira.
Nyengo iliyonse, munthu amatha kuwona chodabwitsa monga mbewu “zokulitsa” m'nthaka. Izi ndichifukwa cha muzu womwe ukupitilira kukula ndi tsinde. Kuti izi zisatibweretsere zovuta zilizonse, muzu woyenera uyenera kuwazidwa nthawi zonse ndi dothi lotayirira. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito humus kapena kompositi pa izi.
Kuthengo, mitundu yapamwamba kwambiri yam'madzi yotchedwa aquilegia imapezeka m'malo otentha. Chifukwa chake, pakukulitsa iwo m'mundamo, ndikofunikira kuwunika chinyezi. Ngati chimbudzi m'masiku ochepa chikula popanda kuthirira, ndiye kuti izi sizingachitike. Chifukwa cha mizu yayitali, azitha kudzipezera chinyezi chofunikira, komabe zimapweteketsa, chifukwa maluwa sadzakhala okongola kwambiri.
Aquilegia amamva chofunikira kwambiri pakuvala kwapamwamba kumayambiriro kwa kukula komanso pambuyo maluwa. Munthawi izi tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza ovuta. Ngakhale wobzala angathe popanda izi kuyimvetsetsa pamene aquilegia ikufunika michere. Mutha kudziwa izi pochepetsa kuchuluka kwa maluwa opanga ndi kutaya kuwala kwawo.
Pakalibe maluwa amodzi pachomera, tikulimbikitsidwa kudula mphukira, chifukwa, rosette yokha yamizu yotsalira. Mwiniyo akafuna kutenga mbewuzo, ndiye kuti ndikofunika kuti akololedwe panthawi yomwe zikhala zakuda. Ngati mukuyembekeza kukhwima kwawo kokwanira, ndiye kuti ndizotheka kuti kufesa kwawo kuzichitika, ndipo mudzasiyidwa osabzala.
Kusamalira kwa Aquilegia ndi kuswana
Zithunzi za maluwa zimatha kuyamikiridwa ndi anthu ambiri olima dimba, komabe, mutha kupanga zokongola zotere patsamba lanu ngati mumawasamalira moyenera.
Sikulimbikitsidwa kukula aquilegia m'malo amodzi zaka 6 kapena kupitirira. Pankhaniyi, imayamba kutaya katundu wake wokongoletsa, imakonda kukhudzidwa ndi matenda, inflorescence imakhala yaying'ono, imalekerera kuzizira kwambiri. Komabe, pofika nthawi imeneyi, tchire chatsopano kuchokera pambewu zomwe zagwera m'nthaka nthawi yakwana. Chifukwa chake, mwiniwake sayenera kuda nkhawa ndi izi.
Ngakhale gawo ili limakupatsani mwayi wochepetsera chisamaliro kuchokera kwa eni ake, koma kudzipatsanso kuli ndi vuto lalikulu. Zotsatira za mbewu kulowa mu dothi, kudzivundukula kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana kumatha kuchitika, kenako maluwa amatha kuoneka chaka chamawa omwe azikhala osiyana kwambiri ndi mitundu yoyambayo. Ngakhale amaoneka osiyana, sakhalanso okongola. Izi zitha kupewedwa pomakula mosiyana mitundu. Ndikothekanso kuchita feteleza wochita kupanga, kuteteza thumba losunga mazira ndi thumba la gauze.
Mbewu za Aquilegia sizisunga mphamvu kwakanthawi. Chifukwa chake, atatola, kufesa kuyenera kuchitika mu kugwa kapena kukonzekera masika, kale kutulutsa mbewu.
Kuwala koyambirira kwa maluwa obzalidwa ndi mbewu za mbewu kumachitika kale mchaka chachiwiri, mchaka chachitatu zikuwonetsa maluwa. Kuphatikiza apo, mbande zazing'ono zimamera bwino kuposa mbewu zachikulire.
Kufalitsa kwamasamba ndi kufalikira
Kuti mupeze oimira ena osiyanasiyana, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito njira zolerera monga kugawa chitsamba kapena kudulidwa ndi mizu. Komabe, zovuta zimabuka apa: kumuika kuvulaza mbewu kwambiri, chifukwa cha kapangidwe kazinthu kakapangidwe kakang'ono ka minofu.
Chifukwa chake, sikulimbikitsidwa kugula tchire lakale kapena lakale la aquilegia podzala. Kupanda kutero, muyenera kudikira kwanthawi yayitali mpaka atha kukulira m'malo atsopano. Inde, mukakumba, muzu waukulu umavulala kwambiri, ndipo pambuyo pake umayambitsa mbewu. Chifukwa chake, chitsamba chikabzalidwa m'malo atsopano, muyenera kudikirira nthawi yayitali kuti aquilegia ichiritse.
Kugawanitsa
Mwa njira yoberekera iyi gwiritsani ntchito zitsanzo kuyambira azaka 3 kapena kupitirira. Muyenera kusamala makamaka mukakumba, kuyesa kulowa pansi kwambiri.
- masamba ambiri omwe ali pachomera ayenera kuchotsedwa;
- ndiye muyenera kuyeretsa muzu wapadziko lapansi, ndikugawana mizu yayikulu, chifukwa, masamba ndi mizu iwiri iyenera kupezeka gawo limodzi;
- malo odulawo amafunika kuthandizidwa ndi makala, kenako "ogwiritsidwawo" amabzalidwa dothi lotayirira.
Mutha kuweta aquilegia mwanjira imeneyi kasupe kapena nthawi yophukira isanayambe. Kenako amakhala ndi nthawi yokwanira kuzika mizu, kuti athe kulolera bwino dzinja.
Kudula
Njira yoberekayi imaphatikizapo kukolola mphukira zazing'ono mchaka, zomwe kuyikidwa dothi lotayirira kapena mchenga wosazungulira. Komabe, pamapeto pake, choyamba muyenera kuchitira zinthu zodzala ndi muzu. Kuti muzuze mizu posachedwa, muyenera kupanga shading pang'ono, kuwasamalira kudzachepa.
Pomaliza
Aquilegia si chomera chodziwika bwino pakati pa alimi a maluwa oweta, ngakhale ilinso ndi malo okwanira kuwasirira. Mtengowo umasiyanitsidwa ndi kubzala kwawo, chifukwa chake umatha kudulidwa kuchokera ku mbeu pafupifupi chilichonse chimango. Chifukwa china chomwe kutchuka kwa aquilegia kumalumikizirana ndi maluwa okongola, kotero kwa eni omwe akufuna zodzikongoletsera zamaluwa akunyumba, duwa ili ndi mwayi wabwino. Komabe, pano, naponso, kukonzekera kwina kuyenera kukonzedwa pokonzekera kufikira. Ndikwabwino kubzala aquilegia m'malo otetezeka pang'ono. Kenako azitha kupanga chiwonetsero chazaka zambiri chaka chilichonse.
