Mtundu wa zonena (Encyclia) ndizogwirizana mwachindunji ndi banja la orchid. Amaphatikiza mitundu yoposa 160 ya mbewu yomwe imayimiriridwa ndi lithophytes ndi epiphytes. Mwachilengedwe, amatha kupezeka ku Central ndi South America.
Makhalidwe amtunduwu ndi: mawonekedwe a sympoidal kukula (apa ndi pomwe tsinde laling'ono limamera m'munsi mwa wakale), ma rhizomes (ofunda akuwombera), bifacial (nthawi zina tsamba limodzi, atatu ndi anayi) pseudobulbs a mawonekedwe a peyala kapena ovoid. Masamba akhungu loyera limakhala lowongoka kapena lanceolate, pomwe mbaleyo imakulungidwa pang'ono.
Zomera zimatulutsa nthawi yayitali. Chifukwa chake, maluwa amatha kukhala kwa milungu ingapo kapena miyezi ingapo. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana, ma apical peduncle amatha kukhala osiyanasiyana. Chifukwa chake, mumitundu ina muli maluwa amtundu umodzi waukulu, pomwe ena amatulutsa maluwa otumphukira kwambiri, okhala ndi burashi. Maluwa otchedwa zygomorphic omwe ali ndi manda atatu (manda) ndi mitundu iwiri yeniyeni (pamakhala), omwe ndi ochepa komanso amakhala ndi mawonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe ofanana. Mlomo wokulira wokwanira atatu wokhala ndi mbali yayikulu yotalika kutalika kutalika kwake uli ndi utoto wosiyana. Mbali ziwiri zammbali nthawi zambiri zimawombedwa kuzungulira mzerewo, komabe, sizinasanjidwe.
Orchid chisamaliro kunyumba
Chomerachi sichabwino kwambiri ndipo ndi choyenera kulimidwa ndi onse maluwa odziwa bwino kwambiri.
Kupepuka
Mitundu ya maluwa iyi imafunika kuyatsa kowala kwambiri. Monga lamulo, ziyenera kumwazika pamenepa, koma palinso mitundu yomwe imatha kupirira dzuwa. Koma ngakhale izi zili choncho, maluwa oterowo amafunika kusinthidwa ndi kuwala kwamadzuwa amasana, apo ayi kuwotcha kumawoneka pamasamba.
Ndikofunikira kuyika mphika wamaluwa pazenera la windows lakumwera, kumadzulo ndi kum'mawa. Kaya mbewu ili mkati, yophukira ndi nthawi yozizira imafunikira kuwunikira kowonjezereka ndi ma phytolamp apadera, ndipo nthawi ya masana imayenera kukhala maola 10 mpaka 12.
Njira yotentha
Mitundu yambiri imafunikira kutentha pang'ono kapena kutentha pang'ono. Poterepa, mbewuyo iyenera kuonetsetsa kuti kutentha kwake kwatsiku ndi tsiku ndi kosiyana. Chifukwa chake, muyenera kuyesa kuti mchaka chonse kutentha nthawi yamasana ndi madigiri 18-22, ndipo usiku - kuyambira madigiri 13 mpaka 16. Olima odziwa ntchito amalimbikitsa kuti ma encyclines amapereka kusiyana kwa kutentha kwa tsiku ndi tsiku pafupifupi madigiri 5.
Mu nyengo yabwino ya nyengo, nyengo yotentha (Meyi-Okutobala), orchid akulimbikitsidwa kusamutsidwira mumsewu. Komabe, amafunika kutetezedwa ku mphepo, kuwongolera dzuwa ndi mpweya. Mumsewu ndikosavuta kusunga kutentha kofunikira.
Kusakaniza kwadothi
Kukula orchid wotere, mabatani ndi miphika timagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kudzaza mphika gwiritsani ntchito sphagnum, khungwa la conifera ndi makala ang'onoang'ono. Khungwa lalikulu la paini limatengedwa ngati chipika. Pamaso pake, muyenera kukonza mizu ndi kukula kwa duwa, pomwepo ayenera kumakulungidwa ndi mbewa yakuda kwambiri.
Momwe mungamwere
Chaka chonse, mbewuyi imamwetsedwa kwambiri nthawi zambiri. Kutsirira kuyenera kuchitika pokhapokha ngati khunguyo likhala litauma. Pamwamba pa mizu pali malo ena okumbikapo a velamen, chifukwa chake amatha kupirirako kukomoka kwakanthawi (musapange nthawi yowuma kwambiri). Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuthirira encycline osati mwachizolowezi, koma kumiza mumphika (chipika) mu mbale yodzazidwa ndi madzi ofunda kwa mphindi 20-30. Kutentha kwamadzi kuyenera kukhala pafupifupi 30-30 madigiri. Ino ndi yokwanira kuti khungwa ndi mizu ikhale ndi chinyezi. Zitatha izi, chomeracho chimayenera kuchotsedwa ndikudikirira mpaka madzi atachotsedwa. Kenako imayikidwa pamalo ake.
Iyenera kuthiriridwa kokha ndi madzi ofewa. Itha kusefedwa kapena kuilola kuti ikhazikike bwino.
Chinyezi
Chomera sichimafuna chinyezi chambiri. Chinyezi chowonjezera chikhale pakati pa 50 ndi 70 peresenti. Kuti muwonjezere chinyezi, mutha kuthira dongo lakukulira mu poto ndikuthira madzi pang'ono, kapena kuyika chidebe chotseguka chodzazidwa ndi madzi pafupi naye. Ngati chinyezi ndichotsika kwambiri, ndiye kuti mutha kugwiritsa ntchito manyowa okhala ndi magetsi kapena majenereta amadzi. Olimi odziwa bwino amalima, kamodzi pa tsiku kuti chinyontho chomera, khungwa, komanso mbewa kuchokera ku sprayer.
Feteleza
Maluwa oterewa amafunika kudyetsedwa chaka chonse. Amachitika nthawi imodzi m'masabata awiri kapena atatu. Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito feteleza wapadera wa ma orchid, kuwapaka m'madzi akuthirira, ndipo imwani mlingo womwe umasungidwa.
Zinthu Zogulitsa
Kuyika kokha pofunika. Chifukwa chake, njirayi imachitika ngati mphamvu ya chipingacho ikakhala yaying'ono kapenanso acidization ya gawo lapansi ndi kuwonongeka kwake.
Nthawi yopumula
Nthawi yonse yomera. Sakuzifuna kuti pakhale maluwa ambiri komanso kukula kwabwinobwino. Ngati duwa lowoneka bwino silinapangiremo miyezi iwiri, ndikofunikira kupanga mwanjira yovutitsa. Kuti muchite izi, siyani kuthirira kwa masiku 11-14, ndikuthanso njira zingapo zothandizira feteleza.
Njira zolerera
Maluwa akamakula m'nyumba, maluwa oterewa amatha kufalitsidwa pogawa nthambizo. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti gawo lililonse liyenera kukhala ndi ma pseudobulbs osachepera atatu.
Zofesedwa ndi mbewu pokhapokha pama mafakitala, zimagwiritsanso ntchito njira yothandizira kuphatikiza (kufalitsa).
Tizilombo ndi matenda
Kangaude amatha kukhala pamalowo. Ngati kachilombo kanapezeka, ndiye kuti duwa liyenera kukhala ndi malo osamba ofunda (pafupifupi madigiri 45), uku mukutsuka masamba.
Amatha kudwala chifukwa chophwanya malamulo a chisamaliro. Chifukwa chake, kuvunda kumatha kuchitika ngati kuthilira kawirikawiri komanso kuthilira, ngati kuthiridwa bwino kwambiri - mizu yake imatha, dzuwa lowongoka limatha kuwotcha masamba. Komanso, ngati palibe kuyatsa bwino, ndiye kuti simukuwona maluwa.
Ndemanga kanema
Mitundu yayikulu
Mitundu yambiri ya encyclia ndiyodziwika kwambiri pakati pa alimi, koma mahola amtundu woterowo amafunikira kwambiri.
Ferruginous encyclia (Encyclia adenocaula)
Uwu ndiye malingaliro abwino kwambiri a onse oimira mtunduwu. Duwa lokha ndi laling'ono, kukula kwa ma pseudobulbs kutalika kungafike masentimita 5 mpaka 7. Masamba ndiwotalika kuyambira 30 mpaka 50 sentimita. Mtengo wautali wa mita ndi wamitundu-yambiri. Maluwa onunkhira a kukula kokwanira (mpaka masentimita 10) apakidwa utoto wonyezimira, wa pinki. Ma Sepals ndi ma petals ali ndi mawonekedwe opapatiza-lanceolate. Mlomo wama patali ndi wotalikirapo, komabe, pakatikati pa lobe, mbali zam'mbuyo ndizowongoka pansi, motero zimapeza mawonekedwe owoneka bwino. Pakati pa milomo pali timitengo tofiirira tofiirira tofa, ndipo pansi pake pali kansalu koyera ngati chipale.
Encyclia winged (Encyclia alata)
Mtengowu watchuka kwambiri chifukwa cha maluwa onunkhira komanso chisamaliro chosasimbika. Ndi yayikulu kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, chitsamba chimatha kutalika mita 1.5, ndipo m'lifupi mwake ndi mita 0.5. Maulendo obiriwira obiriwira ali ndi kutalika kofanana ndi tchire lokha. Maluwa ndi ochepa, choncho m'mimba mwake samapitirira masentimita 5-6,5. Mtanda wopyapyala wobiriwira wachikasu wobiriwira umakhala ndi chomata kapena mawonekedwe obovate. M'malo awo apamwamba pali zambiri zazing'ono za utoto wa burgundy. Milomo ndi yayikulu kwambiri yoyera mbali yachikaso yokhala ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira. Pa mbali yapakati pa milomoyo pali mikwingwirima wautali, ndipo m'mphepete mwake mumapaka utoto wachikasu.
Bract encyclia (Encyclia bractescens)
Mtundu wocheperawu ndi wotchuka kwambiri. Zimasiyanasiyana chifukwa zimatha kupanga magulu obiriwira obiriwira komanso obiriwira. Kutalika kwa ma pseudobulbs okhwima kumachokera 2 mpaka 3 cm, ndipo masamba azizindikiro zopendekeka amakhala ndi kutalika masentimita 40. Peduncles amakhala ndi maluwa ambiri ndipo, monga lamulo, samakweza masamba. Maluwa ang'onoang'ono onunkhira amakhala ndi mainchesi okha a 2,5 cm. Manda achikasu achikasu ndi ma petals amakhala ndi mawonekedwe. Milomo yotakata imakhala yoyala ndi yozungulira. Pamwamba pake pali zingwe zazitali zofiirira.
