Dipatimenti: angiosperms (Magnoliophyta).
Giredi: dicotyledonous (Dicotyledon).
Dongosolo: ma cloves (Caryophyllales).
Banja: Cactus (Cactaceae).
Jenda: prickly peyala (Opuntia).
Onani: Opuntia galapagos (O. galapageia).
Chomera cha Opuntia galapagos chimakhala ngati mtengo, sichimakonda kuphukira ndi mtengo waukulu wakuda. Opacta cactus amafika pafupifupi 10 mita kutalika. Mphukira zamtsogolo zimakhala ndi gawo lozungulira lotalikirana lotalika mpaka masentimita 45. Masamba amachepetsedwa kukhala oyera ndi ofiira, omwe amakula m'magulu.
Munkhaniyi mutha kuphunzira za momwe prickly peyala practly peyala cactus, kufalikira kwake, tanthauzo ndi momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito, komanso kuwona chithunzi cha prickly peyala cactus. Kuphatikiza apo, tikufotokozerani zambiri zosangalatsa za chomera cha peyala chokhacho.
Peyala yodula bwino kwambiri ya Galapagos imangokulira kokha m'nkhalango zowuma za Santa Cruz pa zilumba za Galapagos. Mtengowu umatha kupezeka pamalo okwera mpaka 1,500 m pamwamba pa nyanja. M'malo ena, mitundu imakhala yopanda zonse.
Maluwa ndi zipatso za prickly peyala cactus
Maluwa a Opuntia amakhala apawiri, achizolowezi, achikasu owoneka bwino, okhala ndi matayala, okhala ndi mulifupi mwake mpaka 5 cm. Zipatso za apuntia cactus ndizaphikidwe, ndi zipatso zofiira ngati ma peyala mpaka 10c. Zili ndi mbewu zosalala zofiirira zofiirira, zokutidwa ndi minga pamwamba.
Opuntia galapagos - chimphona pakati pa cacti.
Zodabwitsa izi zikukula ku Darwin Research Station (Puerto Ayora, Santa Cruz Island).
Chipatso cha zipatso zamiyeso. Mwa mawonekedwe ake, Achizungu amachitcha kuti peyala prickly, zipatso za chinjoka ndi mkuyu wa ku India.
Kubwezeretsanso ngale
Kubalanso kwa mapeyala prickly kumachitika ndi mbewu ndi vegetatively - ndi zigawo zomwe zidagwa mphukira zakale. Maluwa mu Epulo - Meyi, mungu wochokera ndi tizilombo ndi mbalame. Mbewu zipsa mu Julayi, zimanyamulidwa ndi nyama zomwe zimadya zipatso mosangalala. Opuntia galapagos amakhala zaka 200.
Mbidzi yamphongo yamphongo imadyera pamaluwa a ngale ya ku Galapagos.
Tanthauzo ndi kugwiritsa ntchito prickly peyala cactus
Oimira akuluakulu a genus Opuntia m'madera omwe mulibe zipatso zomwe zimabzalidwa popanda malo okhazikika, ang'onoang'ono omwe amawetedwa ngati zida zowonjezera nyumba.
M'mapositi a cactus, mumatha kuwona peyala yaying'ono yamtundu wa prickly (O. microdasys). Kuchokera pamiyulu yamiyala yamtengo wapatali (O. ficusindica), wamba (O. vulgaris) ndi mitengo yaminga yayikulu (O. macrocantha) yoyambirira komanso yosagonjetseka imapezeka.
Pey prickly yamera ngati chomera ku India, maiko aku Mediterranean ndi South America. Zipatso zotsekemera ndi zowawasa zimadyedwa zosaphika kapena zopanikizika kwa iwo, zimapangidwa zipatso zokometsera, zimaphatikizidwa ndi mbale zam nyama, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga pinki ya Malta Baytra liqueur. Mphukira zazing'ono amazidula, zouma ndi kukololedwa kuti azidyetsa ziweto, atatha kuyimba minga ndi moto. Aaztec adachotsa utoto wofiira pamaluwa amitundu yamitundu ina.
Zambiri zosangalatsa za prickly peyala galapagos
Momwe ma peyala adalowera ku Australia sizikudziwika. Mosakayikira, m'modzi mwa atsamunda adabwera naye ndikumuyika pafupi ndi nyumba. Udzuwo udakula mwachangu, mbalamezo zimakhamukira kukadya zipatsozo, ndipo pofika m'ma 1920, mapeyala ang'onoang'ono odabwitsa adadzaza msipu waku Australia. Nkhaniyi idabwerezedwa katatu konse, chifukwa pakati pamasamba omwe adangotuluka panali mitundu itatu ya cacti: prickly pear prickly pe (O.inermis), prickly wamba and great-bushed.
Kudya chomera, ng'ombe ndi nkhosa nthawi zambiri zimafa chifukwa chotupa, zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi minga yaying'ono. Kuyesera kudula katekisiti wowopsa kunapangitsa kuti ikukula kwambiri, ngakhale herbicides sanatenge. Pomaliza, mu 1925, mazira a njenjete (Cactoblastis cactorum), gulugufe wa ku South America, yemwe mbozi zake zimadya peyala zamiyala, amabweretsa ku Australia. Zinatenga zaka 12 zaka kuti achepetse kuchuluka kwa mbewuzo kukhala zopanda vuto. Pothokoza, chipilala chinamangidwa m'tawuni ya Dalby Ognevka.
Pa chovala chamanja ndi mbendera ya Mexico akuwonetsedwa bwino kwambiri, pomwe chiwombankhanga chimakhala ndi njoka mkamwa mwake. Malinga ndi nthano, ichi chidali chizindikiro cha Mulungu chomwe chidathandiza Aaziteki kusankha malo okhala likulu. Imatchedwa Tenochtitlan - mzinda wa mapeyala opatsa maulemu.
Pazonse, kuwonongeka kwa peyala ya Galapagos sikuwopsezedwa, kuchuluka kwake kwakhazikika. Komabe, anthu ena akumaloko ayandikira chifukwa cha zovuta. Zina mwazomwekuchitika ndi ntchito zaulimi ku zilumba za Galapagos, kukula kwa mizinda ndi ng'ombe zazing'ono zomwe zimadya mphukira zazing'ono.
Peyala yamiyala ndiyosavuta kumera, osakhudzika ndi nthaka, chifukwa chake imagonjetsa mosavuta madera akuluakulu.
