Pakati pa maluwa ambiri okongola, duwa lakhala likudziwika ngati mfumukazi. Wowoneka bwino komanso wosakhwima, waluso komanso wonunkhira, iye nthawi zonse amagwira diso. Kwa zaka zambiri, maluwa oimbira amaimbidwa ndi ndakatulo zochokera padziko lonse lapansi. Kuphatikiza pa kukongola ndi chithumwa, ali ndi zabwino zina zambiri. Oberetsa amatulutsa mitundu yatsopano yonse ndi mithunzi ya maluwa. Kuphatikiza apo, mitundu yatsopanoyo ili ndi matenda ndipo saopa zoyipa zaku chilengedwe.
Anthu ambiri amadziwa kuti maluwa amafalikira ndikudula, koma ndikuthekanso kufalitsa ndi mbewu. Momwe tingakulitsire duwa pambewu kunyumba, tiyesera kudziwa mu nkhani yathu.
Njira zazikulu zofalitsira maluwa
Zitha kukhala zosangalatsa komanso zothandiza kwa oyamba kumene wamaluwa kuti adziwe kuti maluwa angadzalidwe ngakhale ndi oyambitsa wamaluwa kumene. Maluwa amachulukana m'njira ziwiri:
- kudula;
- katemera;
- mbewu.
Kumayambiriro kwenikweni, muyenera kusankha njira ndi maluwa osiyanasiyana olima pakhomo. Ngati mungasankhe njira yachiwiri yoberekera, ndiye mu nkhani iyi, mitundu ya maluwa ndiyabwino, komwe mungatenge mbewu. Pambuyo pa kumera, azipereka zinthu zonse zofunikira ndi zizindikiro za amayi. Amakhulupilira kuti mbeu zoyenerera kwambiri kuti zikule mitundu ya maluwa ang'onoang'ono. Mitundu yotsatirayi ndi yoyenera kubzala mbewu:
- polyanthus;
- zofiirira
- kakang'ono;
- kuwala.
Maluwa awa adayamba kufalitsidwa bwino ndi mbewu. Mitundu yambiri yamaluwa yokha yomwe ibwere kuchokera ku China ndiyoyenera izi.
Kusankhidwa kwa nthangala ndi kuyanjana
Maluwa atadzaza ndi matalala, ndikofunikira kusankha mbewu. Mu masamba opsa kwathunthu, kumera kudzakhala koyipa kwambiri. Mutha kuchotsa mbewu ku maluwa ndi mpeni wakuthwa. Mphukira imayenera kudulidwa mosamala komanso pang'ono, kenako mbewuzo nkuchichotsa. Ali pa zamkati, ndipo ndikofunikira kwambiri pochotsa mbewu kuti zisaziwononge. Mbewu nthawi zambiri zimakhala zamitundu yosiyanasiyana, koma zilibe kanthu, chifukwa sizipsa chimodzimodzi. Ndiwothandiza kwambiri maluwa.
Zida zosankhidwa mwazitsulo ziyenera kutsukidwa ndikutsitsidwa mu hydrogen peroxide kwa mphindi 20. Izi zimateteza ku nkhungu. Mbewu pambuyo pa peroxide komanso zimayikidwa bwino pa chokoleti kapena chopukutira choviikidwa mu hydrogen peroxide. Valani chilichonse ndi chopukutira ndikuchiyika mchikwama cha pulasitiki. Ndikwabwino kuyiyika mufiriji momwe masamba amasungidwa.
Mbewu ziyenera kufufuzidwa pafupipafupi kuti nkhungu isapangike pa iwo. Ngati zikuwoneka mwadzidzidzi, ndiye kuti mbewuyo iyeneranso kumiza mu hydrogen peroxide. Ayenera kuyikidwa mu chopukutira choyera ndi thumba la pulasitiki latsopano. Njira yonse yosungirako mbewu ndi yayitali komanso yovuta. Pambuyo pa miyezi 1-1.5, mphukira zoyambirira ziyenera kuwonekera.
Kukula maluwa kuchokera kwa mbewu
Zikumera zikaoneka mbewu zakonzeka kubzala m'miphika kapena piritsi za peat. Chomera chimatha kugunda mwendo wakuda, koma kupewa izi, dothi lobzala limabzalidwa ndi chosakanizira cha perlite. Akatswiri amalimbikitsanso kuthira mbewu musanabzale ndi chokupatsani mphamvu. Chogwiritsidwacho chithandiza kuphukira mwachangu ndikupereka kukula kwabwino kwa maluwa.
Kutentha kwabwino kwambiri kwa maluwa maluwa oyambira gawo 10-14zaC. Mtengowo suyenera kuululidwa ndi dzuwa. Malo omwe akutsikira ayenera kukhala anayala koma wamisala. Afunikira nthawi yayikulu yowunikira kwa maola 12, chifukwa chake, ndikusowa kwa nthawi yowunikira, iyenera kuwonjezeredwa ndi kuwunikira kokumba.
Nthaka imathirira madzi ikamuma. Chipinda chomwe maluwa amakulira azikhala ndi mpweya wokwanira. Ndikubwera kwamera oyamba obiriwira, zotengera zomwe zili ndi mbande zimayenera kupita kuchipinda chozizira komanso zowala bwino, koma osayatsidwa mwachindunji ndi dzuwa.
Njira yopatsira Rose
Mbeu yolimba kwambiri komanso yambiri ngakhale mutamera kumera ikhoza kusankhidwa kuti ibzalidwe mumzinthu zina, zina zonse ndibwino kutaya. Osadikirira mchaka choyamba cha maluwa maluwa awa kuti akhale okongola. Izi zidzachitika pambuyo pake, chifukwa kukula kwambiri kwa mbewu ndi kukula kwakukulu kumachitika mchaka chachiwiri ndi chachitatu cha moyo.
Patatha miyezi 2 mutabzala masamba oyamba amangidwa. Pambuyo pa masabata awiri, maluwa oyamba amapangidwa, omwe amafunikira chidwi. Afunika kudyetsedwa ang'onoang'ono. Chifukwa cha izi, feteleza wosungunuka ndioyenera, yemwe amawonjezerapo madzi othirira kenako kuthirira mbewu. Chapakatikati, tchire tating'ono takonzeka kubzala pabwalo.
Pali alimi odziwa bwino ntchito omwe amabzala mbewu zosankhidwa pansi kumapeto kwa chilimwe. Dothi lodzaliramo liyenera kukhala lotayirira ndikuthira manyowa. Bedi liyenera kuthiriridwa ndi kuphimbidwa ndi zofunda kuti nthaka yosanjikiza isataye chinyezi. Madera akumpoto, bedi limakutidwa ndi masamba, chipale chofewetsedwa pamwamba. Mwezi wa Epulo, phukusi liyenera kuchotsedwa ndikudikirira kuti mphukira zibuke. Amakhulupirira kuti maluwa omwe adakula mwanjira imeneyi amakhala osagonjetsedwa ndi chisanu komanso othandiza.
Kodi kukula maluwa kuchokera kugula mbewu?
Msika wamakono ndi wokonzeka kupatsa mbewu za rose zokhazikika zopangidwa kuchokera ku China. Izi zili ndi mphindi zake - sizimagwirizana nthawi zonse ndi gawo lomwe lasonyezedweratu. Zabwino kuzigula kumapeto kwa chilimwe. Mbewu Zogulidwa Ziyenera zilowerere mu yankho la Kukula kothandizirakuti amere msanga. Pambuyo pake, amafunika kuti adulidwe panthaka yokonzedwa ndikuwazidwa ndi wosanjikiza wa 0,5 cm, pang'ono ndikukankhira pansi.
Miphika iyenera kukonkhedwa ndi madzi ofunda ochokera m'botolo lopopera ndipo chidebe chilichonse chimayikidwa mchikwama cha pulasitiki ndikotseka mwamphamvu. Sungani chikwama ndi zotentha pa kutentha kwa 18-20zaC kwa masabata awiri. Pambuyo pake, zikumera zimatsukidwa m'chipinda chapansi ndi kutentha kosaposa +7zaC.
Nthawi ya stratization imatha miyezi 1-1,5 ndipo, koposa zonse, pakadali pano kuti musaphonye mphindi yakukula kwa mbande. Mukangowonekera, miphika iyenera kukonzedwanso m'malo otentha. Pambuyo pouma, mbande zimabzalidwa panthaka. Izi nthawi zambiri zimachitika m'mwezi wa Epulo.
Maluwa awa amafunikira chisamaliro chofanana ndi ena onse, obzalidwa pamalowo. Nyengo yotsatira azikhala amphamvu, onunkhira komanso ochulukirapo.
