Boxwood (Buxus) ndi mtengo kapena masamba obiriwira ochokera ku banja la Boxwood, omwe amadziwika ndi kukula pang'onopang'ono komanso kufalikira kwa chilengedwe cha East Asia, Mediterranean ndi West Indies. Chikhalidwe ichi chakale chimakulidwa m'machubu, m'munda wotseguka, monga makongoletsedwe a udzu kapena ngati mpanda, ngati chotseka komanso ngati chokongoletsera chokongoletsera pachikhalidwe cha anthu mwa mitundu ya anthu, nyama ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimapangidwa panthawi yokonza. Kunyumba, boxwood itha kubzalidwa ngati mtengo wamtali pang'ono wamaluwa yaying'ono. Ku Moscow ndi dera la Moscow, kulima ndi kusamalidwa kwake ndizosiyana ndi madera ena. Chokhacho chomwe muyenera kulabadira chifukwa chothekera kwazizira kwambiri ndikukonzekera kwa boxwood nyengo yachisanu.
Kufotokozera kwa chomera cha Boxwood
Mtengowo umasiyanitsidwa ndi masamba owonda achikopa amitundu yozungulira, inflorescence ya maluwa onunkhira ochepa ndi zipatso za bokosi ndi zipatso zakuda. Ngakhale chikhalidwechi ndi chomera cha uchi, uchi wa boxwood samadyedwa chifukwa cha kuwopsa kwa ziwalo zake zonse.
Boxwood imatha kulolera kudulira, ndipo korona wake wokongola wamasamba owala amatchuka kwambiri pakati pa opanga mawonekedwe omwe nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito zitsamba popanga malo okongoletsa ndi kukongoletsa malo osiyanasiyana. Zofunikira kwambiri za mbewuyi ndi kukongoletsa kwake kwapamwamba, kulolerana kwa mthunzi komanso kutaya mtima.
Mwachilengedwe, pali mitundu pafupifupi 100 ya chikhalidwe chobiriwirachi, ndipo monga mtengo wamaluwa, mtengo wokongola kwambiri ndi Evergreen, Wam'ng'ono, Caucasian, Balearic. Mitundu yotchuka ndi Zima Jam, Faulkner, Elegans, Suffruticose, ndi Blauer Heinz. Mitundu yonse ndi mitundu imasiyana mawonekedwe, kukula, kukana chisanu ndi chilala, mtundu wa masamba, kukula ndi kutalika, kuphatikizika ndi cholinga chachikulu, mulingo wokongoletsa.
Boxwood ikamatera
Kubzala boxwood
Mlimi aliyense amasankha nthawi yobzala mitengo ya boxwood, kutengera momwe awonera. Ikhoza kukhala nyengo iliyonse kupatula yozizira. Amakhulupilira kuti ndizabwino kwambiri kubzala mbewu zamaluwa m'dzinja kuyambira pafupifupi khumi ndi chisanu pa Seputembala mpaka chakhumi cha Okutobala. Asanayambe kwambiri kuzizira, ayenera kukhala mwezi umodzi, pomwe boxwood idzakhala ndi nthawi yopanga mizu ndi kulimbitsa chitetezo cha mthupi.
Dothi lomwe linali m'malo osankhidwa likhala dongo, lonyowa, lopezeka bwino lamadzi komanso lokhala ndi laimu yochepa kwambiri, malowo ayenera kupezeka paliponse pamthunzi kapena popanda mthunzi wowala. Magetsi oyatsidwa ndi dzuwa amasiyira masamba a mbewu.
Momwe mungabzala boxwood
Mbande za Boxwood zogulidwa mumbale ziyenera kuthiriridwa madzi tsiku limodzi zisanabzalidwe. Chifukwa chake gawo lake ndilosavuta kutuluka mu thankiyo ndikukhala ndi dothi lapansi. Ngati ndi kotheka, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti mulowetse muzu wopanda nthaka tsiku limodzi.
Kukula kwa dzenje kumatengera kukula kwa mizu ndi dothi loumbika. Ziyenera kukhala zazifupi nthawi 2-3 ndikuzama kwambiri. Pansi pa dzenje muyenera kudzaza ndi masentimita atatu oyimira ngalawa (mwachitsanzo, perlite), ndipo dzenje lonse limadzazidwa ndi dothi losakanikirana ndi magawo ofanana a dziko lapansi ndi perlite.
Mmera umayikidwa dzenje, ndikuwongola mizu yonse ndikugona pang'onopang'ono ndi gawo lokonzekera, kenako pang'onopang'ono. Ndikofunika kuti zikafika m dzenjemo palibe mpweya wamiyendo ukatsalira, ndipo chomeracho chimangokhala pamalo owongoka. Pambuyo pa izi, mbande zimathiridwa madzi nthawi yomweyo. Madzi othirira amatha kugwa mvula. Chomera chilichonse chidzafunika zidebe za madzi pafupifupi 2.5-3.
Pambuyo pothandizidwa ndi dziko lapansi mu dzenje lobzala, ndikofunikira kuwonjezera dothi losakanikirana ndi m'mphepete popanda kupindika. Malire ozungulira thupilo amalimbikitsidwa kuti ayikidwe ndi mulomo wawung'ono wozungulira kuzungulira kuzungulira, komwe kungalepheretse madzi othirira kuti asafalikire. Pamwamba pa thunthu lozungulira liyenera kuphimbidwa ndi masentimita awiri perlite.
Tsegulani chisamaliro cha bokosi
Woodwood wosadzichitira samafuna chisamaliro chochuluka komanso samayambitsa zovuta zambiri.
Kuthirira
Kuthirira koyamba mutabzala kumachitika patatha masiku asanu ndi awiri, malinga ngati kulibe mvula nthawi imeneyi, kapena masiku asanu ndi awiri mvula itagwa. Munthawi yochepa m'miyezi yotentha, ndikofunikira kuthirira mbande nthawi zonse ndi madzi pafupifupi malita khumi ndi chitsamba chokula mpaka mita imodzi. Munthawi zouma komanso zotentha kwambiri, kuthilira kumachitika ndi ma frequency omwewo, koma ambiri. Madzi azingolowa mumtengo wozungulira. Nthawi yabwino yothirira m'mawa kwambiri kapena dzuwa litalowa.
Dothi
Pambuyo kuthirira kulikonse, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti timasule dothi ndi kutulutsa udzu, ndipo ndikakhazikitsa nyengo yofunda (kuzungulira kumapeto kwa Meyi), thunthu lozungulira liyenera kuphimbidwa ndi mulching wosanjikiza wa peat. Makulidwe a mulch sayenera kupitirira 8 cm komanso kulumikizana ndi mbali zina za chomera.
Ntchito feteleza
Boxwood imafunikira zakudya zopatsa thanzi nthawi zonse kapena zopatsa mphamvu. Nthawi yoyamba feteleza ikhoza kuikidwa pokhapokha kuzula mbuto (patatha mwezi umodzi), koma izi zimagwira ntchito pa mbande zobzalidwa kasupe. Kuyambira Meyi mpaka Seputembala, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wokhala ndi nayitrogeni, ndipo m'dzinja, feteleza ayenera kukhala ndi potaziyamu ndi phosphorous. Ma feteleza ovuta amatha kuwagwiritsira ntchito limodzi ndi madzi othirira nthawi yophukira kukumba kwa malo.
Thirani
Nthawi yabwino yosinthira mbewu ndi masika. Kwa nyengo yonse ya masika ndi chilimwe, boxwood idzakhala ndi nthawi yosinthira m'malo atsopano, kupanga mizu yake ndikukonzekera bwino nyengo yozizira. Poika mbewu yachikulire, pamodzi ndi chotupa, njirayi ichitika mopanda chidwi ndi mtengowo.
Kudulira
Kupanga ndi kukonza kukonza ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti zizichitika pafupipafupi pamwezi. Kumeta koyamba kumachitika mu theka lachiwiri la Epulo kapena theka loyambirira la Meyi. Chomera chimalekerera njirayi mosavuta, koma michere yowonjezera komanso kuthilira pafupipafupi amafunikira kuti athandizire boxwood mutadula. Kudulira kumasintha mitengo kukhala mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana a ma geometric. Mipira, ma cones kapena ma cubes amawoneka bwino pamalopo, koma amafunika kusintha kwakanthawi. Kudulira achinyamata kukula komwe kumakhudza mawonekedwe oyambira a korona wa mbewu.
Boxwood nthawi yachisanu
Kukhutitsa dothi chinyezi kwakanthawi kambiri nthawi yozizira, tikulimbikitsidwa kuthirira yambiri sabata yoyamba ya Novembala ndikugwiritsa ntchito chosakanizira cha mulch mu thunthu bwalo la peat kapena singano. Monga pobisalira boxwood gwiritsani ntchito spruce, burlap, nsalu yopanda waya m'magulu angapo, lutrasil kapena spanbond. Kusunga umphumphu wa nthambi, ndikofunikira kuti zimangiridwe kapena kumangirizidwa ndi chithandizo.
Kubwezeretsa Boxwood
Kufalitsa mbewu
Kumera kwa Boxwood kumatenga nthawi yochepa kwambiri, kotero, njira yotereyi siigwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri.
Mbeu zosankhidwa kumene zimayenera kunyowetsedwa mu madzi ofunda ndi njira yothira (mwachitsanzo, Epin kapena Zircon) kwa maola makumi awiri ndi anayi, pambuyo pake madziwo amatsanulidwa, ndipo mbewu zimayikidwa pansalu yonyowa ndi yokutidwa ndi nsalu yofanana ndi yonyowa. Nsalu nthawi zonse izikhala yonyowa kwa masiku 20-30. Ino nthawi ndiyofunikira kuti maonekedwe oyera azikhala oyera. Mbeu zophuka zimaphukira pansi ndikuzibzala mu dothi losakanikirana ndi mchenga ndi peat ndikuphimbidwa ndi polyethylene kapena galasi. Asanatuluke, chotengera chizikhala m'chipinda chofunda pamalo a penumbra. Kubwera kwa mbande, filimuyi imachotsedwa, kuthirira nthawi zonse ndikovala pamwamba kumachitika, ndipo kumayambiriro kwa Meyi amasamukira kumalo otseguka.
Kufalitsa ndi odulidwa
Zodulidwa zakonzedwanso zimanyowa kwa tsiku limodzi mu yankho ndi chopukusira, kenako zimabzalidwa pamtunda kuchokera kompositi, dothi lamchenga ndi mchenga wofanana ndendende ndikuphimbidwa ndi botolo lalikulu la pulasitiki lokhala pansi. Kusiya kumakhala ndi kupukutira ndi kupukusa. Mizu imapangika pakatha miyezi 1-2. Kwa nyengo yozizira, zodulidwa zimakutidwa ndi masamba agwa kapena nthambi za spruce.
Kufalitsa mwa kuyala
Pakatikati, mphukira yam'munsi imapanikizidwa pansi ndikuwazidwa. Kuthirira ndi kudya kumachitika nthawi zonse mpaka kugwa. Mukazika mizu, zigawo zimasiyanitsidwa ndikuziika.
Matenda ndi Tizilombo
Tizilombo ting'onoting'ono ta boxwood - boxwood ndulu midge, akangaude mite, anamva.
Gallitsa pofika nyengo yotentha ya chilimwe imayikira mazira ambiri pamasamba ndi mphukira, pomwe mphutsi zimayamba kuwaswa, kenako tizilombo toyambitsa matenda akuluakulu. Kukhalapo kwa tizirombo kumaonekera pakuwuma yambiri ndikugwa kwa masamba.
Mphukira wofota ndi kutupira masamba masamba kumawonetsa kukhalapo kwa kumverera. Ndipo mlendo osayitanidwa, nthata za akangaude nthawi zambiri zimawonekera pachomera pachilala chadzaoneni komanso pamtunda wambiri.
Mutha kuwononga tizirombo tonse tating'ono mothandizidwa ndi kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi mankhwala apadera. Mwachitsanzo, Tagore, Fufanon, Karbofos, Aktara. Chithandizo chimodzi chokwanira, koma ngati ndi kotheka, chitha kubwerezedwa pambuyo pa masiku 10.
Matenda omwe angakhalepo amawombera necrosis ndi khansa. Pali masamba ambiri pamasamba, ndipo malekezero a mphukira amayamba kufa. Kuti muchotse necrosis, kubwereza chithandizo chomera ndi fungicides kumachitika. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti muchotse kwathunthu madera amtengowo kapena chitsamba chomwe chikugwidwa ndi khansa, ndikuchiritsa malo omwe adadutsawo pokonzekera "Fundazol".
Mitundu ndi mitundu ya boxwood
Boxwood evergreen (Buxus sempervirens) - Chofala kwambiri ku Mediterranean ndi Caucasus, komwe imakonda kumera m'nkhalango zowuma komanso zosakanikirana. Mtengowu umatalika mpaka 15 m, mawonekedwe amtunduwu ndi osowa kwambiri. Green imaluka molunjika, tetrahedral. Masamba akutsutsana, pafupifupi popanda petioles, yosalala, yonyezimira, yobiriwira yakuda kumbali yakumtunda komanso matte kuwala obiriwira komanso ngakhale achikasu pamunsi. Masamba ake ndi opindika, kutalika kukafika pa 1.5 mpaka masentimita. Maluwa obiriwira ang'onoang'ono amatenga timitundu tating'ono. Chipatsochi chili ngati kapu kapangidwe kake kakang'ono ndi timapepala timatseguka pomwe mbewu zake zimacha. Magawo onse a boxwood ndi oopsa nthawi zonse. Mitundu yotchuka ndi Suffruticose, Flower Heinz, Elegans.
Boxwood-leaved (Buxus maikolofoni) - mosiyana ndi mtundu wanthambi wamtundu wamtunduwu, mtunduwu umakhala wowonjezera nthawi yozizira. Ichi ndi mbadwa yaku Korea kapena ku Japan ya boxwood, yomwe imatha kupirira kutentha kwa madigiri 30 nthawi yozizira popanda pogona, ndipo imafunikira pobisalira dzuwa lowala. Mitundu yotchuka ndi Zima Jam ndi Faulkner.
Boxwood Colchic kapena Caucasian (Buxus colchica) - mtunduwu umakula pang'onopang'ono, ndiye mtengo wamtundu waung'ono kwambiri komanso yozizira kwambiri mwa mitundu yonse ya ku Europe. Amakhala mpaka zaka 600, mpaka kutalika kwa 15-20 m, mainchesi mulitali - pafupifupi 30 cm.
Box Balearic (Buxus balearica) - Mtunduwu umamera mu Islands Islands, Kumwera kwa Spain, Portugal ndi Mapiri a Atlas, kumpoto kwa Morocco. Ili ndiye mtundu waukulu kwambiri wophatikizidwa: masamba a Balearic boxwood amafika 4 cm m'litali ndi 3 cm mulifupi. Chomera chomwe chikukula mwachangu, chili ndi machitidwe apamwamba kwambiri okongoletsa, koma, mwatsoka, si nyengo yozizira.
