Fern woboola pakati - dipatimenti yapadera kwambiri yazomera zapamwamba. Spores amapangidwa ambiri aiwo pamphepete mwa masamba mumatumba apadera - sporangia. Kamodzi mu dothi, spores imamera m'magulu ang'onoang'ono obiriwira. Amawoneka ngati zidutswa za pepala lobiriwira komanso mulifupi mwake wa 5-6 mm wothira madzi. Izi ndi zophuka, kapena ma gametophytes, pomwe mamembala amuna ndi akazi amapanga. Pambuyo umuna, fern wamkulu ndi wokongola (sporophyte) amakula. Chisokonezochi chimatchedwa kusinthana kwa mibadwo - asexual (sporophyte) ndi kugonana (gametophyte).
Aliyense amene wakwanitsa kuwona fern uyu sadzamuyiwala. Bwalo la platitcerium limawoneka ngati mbawala kapena mutu wa mphalapakati wokhala ndi nyanga zazikulu! Masamba ake osema ndi okutidwa ndi siliva fluff, pomwe sipangatheke kuyeretsa, amathandizira mbewuyo kudyetsa ndikuyamwa chinyezi kuchokera m'nthaka.
Platicerium (Antler, Porhorns) - lat. Platycerium Dzinalo limachokera ku liwu Lachi Greek loti platus - lathyathyathya komanso ma kera - nyanga ndipo chifukwa chakuti masamba amafanana ndi nyanga za agwape.
Mitunduyi imakhala ndi mitundu 15 ya zipatso zotchedwa herbaceous perennials zomwe zimapezeka kwambiri ku malo otentha ku Asia, Australia, zilumba za Indian Ocean, Mala Archipelago, Philippines, Africa ndi chilumba cha Madagascar.
Platicerium ndi epiphytic fern; m'maiko otentha, nyanga ya agalu imamera pamitengo. Ku Australia, ma plitceriums nthawi zina amafika kukula kotero kuti mitengo ikuluikulu yamtengo wapatali imagwera pansi pa kulemera kwawo! Mchipindacho nthawi zambiri amaziika pakati pa khungwa kapena mabasiketi opachikika; izi zimakula pang'onopang'ono ndipo siziwopseza kuti zithandizira kuti azikongoletsa.
Maonekedwe ake ndi osiyana kwambiri ndi ma fern ena. Masamba (vai) amitundu yake iwiri - wosabala komanso spore. Oyera vei amakhala ozunguliridwa, otambalala, amakakamizidwa kwambiri ndi m'mbali komanso m'mbali mwake kumapeto kwa gawo lapansi, gawo lakumwambalo limasunthira kutali ndi chithandizo, ndikupanga fundeni. Cholinga chachilengedwe cha masamba awa, kuwonjezera pa photosynthesis, ndikujambula zinyalala zamasamba ndi zinthu zina zachilengedwe. Vai wongopangika kumene amabisa zinthu zakale zomwe zimawola pakapita nthawi, potero zimakulitsa msampha wazinthu zachilengedwe ndikukula chomeracho.
Ma spi okhala ndi spore ali ndi mawonekedwe osiyana. Chokhazikika kapena chopachika, chimafanana ndi cholengedwa cha mbawala (ndichifukwa chake dzina loti "nyanga ya agogo" limalumikizidwa). Masamba ambiri otchedwa sporangia amapangidwa kumapeto kwa masamba omwe ali pansi.
Mawindo akumadzulo kapena akummawa ndi oyenera kwambiri kuti azisamalira platycerium, komanso kukonza ma fern ena. Dzuwa likawala kudzera pawindo m'mawa kapena madzulo ndipo silotentha kwambiri. Ma fern amafunika kutetezedwa ndi dzuwa. Nthawi imodzimodzi, ma fern ngati kuwala koyatsira bwino. Ferns salekerera kukonzekera, kuzizira, kozizira, koma nthawi yomweyo amafunika mpweya wabwino m'chipindacho. Ferns osauka amanyamula utsi ndi fumbi.
Kuti muchite bwino komanso kukhala bwino kwa Platiceriam nthawi ya masika ndi chilimwe, kutentha kwenikweni kumakhala pafupifupi 20 ° C, pa kutentha pamwamba pa 24 ° C payenera kukhala chinyezi chachikulu, chifukwa mtengowo suvomereza kutentha kwambiri.
Mu nthawi yophukira-yozizira, kutentha kwambiri kumakhala kosiyanasiyana mwa 15-17 ° C. Mphepo yotentha kwambiri imavulaza mbewuyo, chifukwa chake sibwino kuyiyika pafupi ndi mabatire apakati.
Popeza kwawo kwa mitundu yambiri ya ferns ndi nkhalango zotentha, samalekerera bwino mpweya wouma. Ferns imayenera kuthiridwa magazi nthawi zosachepera 2 pa tsiku, komanso masiku otentha chilimwe kuyambira 3 mpaka 5 pa tsiku. M'zipinda zofunda, ma fern amayenera kuthiridwa ndi madzi ofunda.
Platicerium imamera makamaka mu osakaniza apadera a ferns, wopanga makungwa a pine ndi sphagnum moss. Ndizotheka pamtengo wa makungwa ndi stumps.
Platycerium (Platycerium)Ferns zimasulidwa mu kasupe pambuyo poyamba kuwonekera. Poika mbewu, ndikofunikira kupulumutsa chipinda chadothi. Mizu samadula, koma ingotsani mizu yakale komanso yakufa. Mukaziika, ferns amafalitsa mizu yake, ndipo kubzala kumachitidwa kuti khosi la mizu likhale pamwamba pa nthaka.
Mu kasupe ndi chilimwe, ma fern onse amafunika umuna ndi feteleza wachilengedwe ndi michere. Ndizosatheka kuyika mavalidwe apamwamba ophatikiza amchere amchere chabe. M'dzinja ndi nthawi yozizira samadyetsa - kudyetsa panthawiyi kumatha kudzetsa matenda obaya.
Mavuto omwe angakhalepo
Masamba amatembenuka chikasu, mawonekedwe a bulauni amawoneka. Cholinga chake ndikuti kutentha kwa chipinda ndikwambiri kwambiri, pamwamba pa 25 ° C. Ndi kutentha kochulukirapo, chinyezi chimayenera kukonzanso. Kuthirira kosakhazikika kapena kosakwanira kungakhale chifukwa.
Masamba amatembenukira chikasu, mbewuyo imakula bwino - chinyezi m'chipindacho ndichotsika kwambiri, kufupi kwa njira yotenthetsera.
Masamba amatha, amatuluka, amakhala ndi ulesi - dzuwa limawala kwambiri.
Masamba amakhala otumbululuka kapena ofunda, malekezero amasanduka achikasu kapena bulauni, mbewuyo sikukula kapena sikakula bwino. Chifukwa chake chimatha kukhala kusowa kwa zakudya, pafupi kwambiri kapena poto yayikulu kwambiri.
Masamba amatha kutembenukira chikasu, bulawuni, kupindika ndi kugwa, masamba ang'onoang'ono amafota ndikufa kutentha kwambiri mchipindacho, kuchoka pakukonzekera kuzizira, kuthirira ndi madzi ozizira, kuthilira ndi madzi olimba kapena otenthedwa madzi.
Osaichotsa masamba osabala.
Zowonongeka: kangaude mite, muyeso, kuponya.
Zolemba: Osachotsa masamba ofunda a bulauni chifukwa amapanga humus.
Mitundu
Mitundu yodziwika bwino yamaluwa amkati
Platycerium loserogii - Platycerium alcicorne.
Masamba osalala ali ozunguliridwa, masentimita 12-20, convex, loled kumapeto. Masamba achonde ndiotalika 50-70 masentimita, atapakidwa pamtunda, amakupanga pang'ono kumtunda ndipo mafoloko odulidwa ku lobes, 3-4 cm mulifupi, obiriwira, obiriwira. Magawo atapachikidwa. Sporangia konsekonse lobes ndi bulauni.
Platycerium Angolan - Platycerium angolense.
Wosasa masamba kwathunthu, wowongoka kumtunda kumbuyo. Masamba achonde m'munsi mwake amakhala owumbika mosiyanasiyana, kumtunda amakula mpaka 40 cm mulifupi, osadulidwa mu lobes, kudula m'mphepete mwake ndikumaso kwa lalanje-pubescent. Sporangia zimasunthira pamtunda wonse wa tsamba.
Kukula kwakukulu kwa platycerium - platycerium grande.
Malo omwe nzika zake zimachokera ku Trropia Asia, Australia otentha, ndi Philippines. Sterile Wii lonse, 45-60 masentimita mulifupi, opindika kwambiri (osayanika kwa nthawi yayitali); chonde chotalika 1.5-2 m, chomata mosanjikana, chotsamira kunsi, moyenera, pafupifupi pakati pa tsamba, chopendekera pamakoko ooneka ngati malamba. Maonekedwe okongoletsa kwambiri. Amakulitsidwa mu wowonjezera kutentha ndi chipinda chotentha.
Platycerium bifurcated - Platycerium bifurcatum.
Mitundu yodziwika kwambiri muzikhalidwe zamkati. Malo omwe mbewuyo imabadwira ndi Trrop Australia. Oyera veyi ozunguliridwa, masentimita 12-20, convex, loled kumapeto; utali wozungulira 50-70 masentimita, woboola pakati-wokhazikitsidwa pansipa, wowoneka wopindika kumtunda ndipo mafoloko odulidwa ku lobes (3-4 cm mulifupi), wandiweyani, wobiriwira; lobes atapachikidwa. Sporangia konsekonse pamtunda wakumtunda ndi wachikasu. Maonekedwe okongoletsa kwambiri. Amalimidwa m'malo obiriwira otentha, ma florariums, malo okhala ndi zipinda.
Platycerium Phiri - Platycerium Hillii.
Ndizofanana ndi m'mbuyo, zomwe zimasiyana ndi mitundu yaying'ono, yosaya, masamba owongoka. Magawo pawokha ndi afupikitsa komanso owongoka. Sporangia amasonkhanitsidwa m'mitundu iwiri komanso ozungulira omwe amakhala pafupi ndi gawo lamapeto.
