Ndi kuti komwe chilengedwe cha mbalame chimapezeka?
M'malo otentha a kumpoto kwa dziko lapansi mitundu 20 ya zipatso zamitchi yamaluwa imakula, m'gawo la USSR - zisanu ndi ziwiri. Pazakudya ndi mankhwala, pali mtundu umodzi wokha womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito - mbalame wamba, kapena carpal, yomwe imamera ku Europe ku USSR, Caucasus, Western Siberia, Kazakhstan ndi Central Asia. M'mikhalidwe yachilengedwe, imamera m'nkhalango zamtsinje, pamtunda, m'mphepete mwa mitsinje ndi nyanja, pazilumba, m'malo otetezeka m'nthaka zachonde.
Chitumbuwa chodziwika bwino cha mbalame (mbalame Cherry)Ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zimapezeka zipatso ndipo ndi ziti zomwe zakonzedwa?
Zipatso zimatha kudyedwa mwatsopano ndikukonzedwa. Kugwiritsa ntchito zamkati ndi kowutsa mudyo komanso kosangalatsa. Olemera mu tannins - 15%, sucrose - 5%, amygdalin ndi mafuta ofunikira, citrine (vitamini P) - 2000 mg%, ascorbic acid (vitamini C) - 32 mg%, organic acid (malic, citric, etc.). Ndikwabwino kupanga misuzi, ma compotes, zakumwa zoziziritsa kukhosi, zopaka, ndi ufa (pogaya zipatso zouma ndi mbewu kupita ku dziko lotyumba), zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati kudzazidwa kwa ma pie, cheesecakes, ndikuphika makeke amchere, ndikupanga zakudya zonunkhira komanso zakudya.
Kodi kudya ndi kuchiritsa kwa zipatso za mbalame ndi chiyani?
Zipatso zatsopano, masamba, maluwa, makungwa, masamba ali ndi bactericidal, fungicidal komanso mankhwala opha tizilombo, ophera tizirombo mlengalenga, ndikuwononga mabakiteriya okhala ndi tizilombo ta phytoncides. Madzi kulowetsedwa zipatso - zotsitsimula ndi mankhwala opaka pakamwa, ndi decoction wa zipatso ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito m'mimba kukhumudwa (kufinya), madzi kulowetsedwa maluwa - matenda am`maso, madzi kulowetsedwa masamba - chifukwa m'mapapo matenda, madzi decoctions kuchokera makungwa - monga diuretic ndi diaphoretic amatanthauza.
Chitumbuwa chodziwika bwino cha mbalame (mbalame Cherry)Ndi chiyani mwachilengedwe komanso zachilengedwe zachithunzi cha mbalame?
Ma bus kapena mitengo mpaka 17 m.Bark, masamba ndi maluwa ali ndi fungo linalake. Khungwa ndi lakuda ndi imvi ndi mphodza zoyera bwino zachikasu. Masamba amakhala otambalala bwino, 15cm kutalika, 7 cm mulifupi, ndi m'mphepete lakuthwa konsekonse, kumapeto kwa mano kumatha kugwa tiziwalo tofiirira. Petioles 2 cm kutalika ndi zidutswa zingapo zachitsulo. Mitundu yamaluwa ndi yoyera, ma anther ndi achikasu, inflorescence ndiitali (mpaka 12 cm), m'manja otambalala, ndi fungo labwino. Limamasamba mu Meyi - koyambirira kwa June pafupifupi pachaka, koma sabala zipatso chaka chilichonse (nthawi ndi nthawi) chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa maluwa kumapeto kwa masika a masika. Zipatso ndi zopindika, 8 mm m'mimba mwake, zakuda ndi mafupa osazungulira. Mtengo wazipatso ndi 0,3-0,5 g. 1 makilogalamu muli zipatso zosaphika 3,000 ndi mbewu 3,000. Kupanga nthawi zonse kumakhala kokwera m'malo opepuka. Kugawidwa kwa chitumbuwa cha mbalame kumaletsedweranso chifukwa imawonongeka mwachangu ndi tizirombo zomwe zimakhudza mitengo yazipatso.
Kodi pali mitundu ina ya chitumbuwa cha mbalame chomwe chingagwiritsidwe ntchito?
Inde Mbalame zachitetezo ku Virginia zaku North America zidalowetsedwa ku USSR. Imakula m'mphepete mwa mitsinje ndi m'mitsinje ya mitsinje panthaka yonyowa. Amasiyana ndi chitumbuwa cha mbalame pakumera kotsika, kukula kwama masamba ochepa, inflorescence yayikulu komanso kusowa kwa fungo. Zimayambira milungu 1.5-2 pambuyo pake. Kukoma kwa chipatso ndikokoma, pang'ono pang'ono. More kugonjetsedwa ndi tizirombo, chifukwa mochedwa maluwa pachaka zipatso zochulukirapo.
Zipatso zamitumbu yamtchireMomwe mungafalitsire nthangala za mbalame zamatumbu?
Mbewu zosankhidwa mwatsopano za mbalame wamba kapena Virginia ziyenera kupatulidwa pa zamkati, osaloleza kuti ziume, zisungidwe mumchenga wonyowa mufiriji kapena pansi. Ndikwabwino kufesa m'dzinja (kufesa masika kumafunikira nthawi yayitali komanso zovuta). Lisanayambike nyengo yozizira, dzalani mbewu panthaka yokonzedwa kale, yachonde yotalika masentimita 1-1.5 (mtunda pakati pa mizere ndi 15 cm, mu mzere - 2 cm). Chaka chotsatira, mbande ziyenera kuthiriridwa madzi ambiri, monga mbalame yamtchire ndi chikhalidwe chokonda chinyontho. Kudulira kwanyengo ndi kumasula kwa dothi kumathandizira mbande zabwino komanso kukula bwino kwa mbande. Mbewu zanthete ziyenera kudulidwamo, ndikusiya mtunda wa masentimita 5-7 pakati pa mbewu motsatana.Pazaka ziwiri, mbande zitha kubzala pamalo okufesa, koma mchaka chotsatira muyenera kuthira muzu ndi fosholo.
Kodi zipatso zamtchire zimatha kufalitsidwa bwanji?
Mizu ya ana, yokhala ndi magawo obiriwira (ikamayala mitundu yayikulu-zipatso komanso yokoma).
Kodi chitumbuwa cha mbalame chiyenera kubzalidwa pati?
Popeza kulekerera kwa mthunzi, itha kubzalidwe m'malo omata pang'ono, m'malire a malowo mbali yakumpoto. M'pofunika kuganizira mbalame chitchuthi ku chinyezi chanthawi zonse. Iyenera kubzalidwa chimodzimodzi ndi phulusa la mapiri ofala zipatso.
Chitumbuwa chodziwika bwino cha mbalame (mbalame Cherry)Kusamalira mbalame chitumbuwa?
Ndi chisamaliro chochepa komanso kuthilira (nthawi yadzuwa), chitumbuwa cha mbalame chimakula ndikukula msanga. Imayamba kubala zipatso mchaka chachitatu mutabzala ndi mmera wazaka ziwiri zokha. Patatha zaka ziwiri mutabzala, ndikofunikira kuyamba kupanga chomera. Imalekerera kudulira. Mphukira iliyonse, muyenera kuchepetsa korona, kudula nthambi zonse ndi mphukira ndi theka kutalika (apo ayi kudzakhala kovuta kukolola), komanso kudula owonjezera komanso odwala mphukira, mphukira, mbadwa za mizu.
Kodi kukolola ndi motani?
Zipatso zimapsa mu Ogasiti, koma ndibwino kuzichotsa mu Seputembala, nyengo yadzuwa kumapeto kwa tsiku ndikuziyika mumadengu kapena mabokosi. Kenako zipatsozo ziyenera kutsukidwa chifukwa chosayera masamba, nthambi, mapesi ndi zouma. Kuchokera pamtengo umodzi mutha kupeza pafupifupi 20 kg.
Chitumbuwa chodziwika bwino cha mbalame (mbalame Cherry)Momwe mungawumere zipatso?
Ndikofunikira kupukuta zipatso mu uvuni (zouma) pa kutentha kosaposa 40-50 ° C, nyengo yabwino - kunja kunja dzuwa, kuwaza ndi wosanjikiza wosaposa 2 cm maukonde, zofunda zopangidwa ndi nsalu kapena pepala, kusinthana kwakanthawi. Zipatso zouma bwino zimakwinyika, makatani nthawi zina amaphimbidwa ndi utoto wonyezimira kapena wamafuta ofiira a shuga. Amakhala ndi fungo lokomoka komanso kukoma kwabwino. Sungani m'chipinda m'matumba a pepala.
Zida zogwiritsidwa ntchito:
- ABC ya the Gardener: Book Reference - Wolemba V. I. Sergeev.
