Erantis ndi chomera chaching'ono chomwe chimakhala ndi mitengo yoyera kapena yachikasu yomwe imamera pachimaso pa anthu ena onse okhala m'mundamo. Chifukwa chamaluwa oyambilira, idalandira dzina lachiwiri - kasupe.
Kuchulukana kwachilengedwe kuli kwakukulu: minda imapezeka kumwera ndi kumpoto kwa Europe, pafupi ndi mapiri a Japan, komanso North America.
Makhalidwe akuluakulu a erantis
Udzu wam'mawa ndi chomera chomera ndi masamba a udzu, kutalika kumafika masentimita 14 mpaka 261. Ndi banja la buttercups, ndi gawo la gulu la maluwa oopsa. Pali mitundu 7 ya eranthis, ina mwa (mwachitsanzo, lobulata) imadziwika pang'ono ku Russia.
Muzu wa chomeracho uli ndi mawonekedwe ambiri, ndipo masamba amapaka utoto wobiriwira. Kapangidwe kake ndi maluwa a kanjedza, ndipo maluwa amakhala ndi manda a 5-7. Pakatikati, kasupe amafika masentimita 3-4. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imakhala ndi mithunzi yawo: mapangidwe amtundu wautoto, manda oyera ozama ndi masamba apinki amtundu wapinki.
Zowonadi! Erantis amayamba kuphuka kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yachisanu, chisanu chikadali pansi. Pambuyo masiku 14-25, maluwa amatha. M'madera akum'mwera, mbewu zakale kuposa 2 zimatulutsa mu Januware.
Pambuyo maluwa, zipatso zimapangidwa zomwe zimakhala ndi njere. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pobereka erantis.
Mitundu ndi mitundu
Pali mitundu 7 ya eranthis yomwe imalimidwa m'minda. Chimodzi mwazomwe chimatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chikhalidwe champhika, koma chifukwa cha kuwopsa kwa mtengowo, sikoyenera kusunga kunyumba ndi nyama ndi ana aang'ono.
Zima Erantis kapena nyengo yachisanu yozizira adawonekera kumwera kwa Europe. Mizu yake imamera bwino ndipo imaphuka kwambiri pamtunda wotentha. Ndi ya mitundu yoyambirira, nthawi zambiri imagwirizira chisanu. Maluwa amayamba pena thaw kapena pang'ono pambuyo pake.
Zosangalatsa! Gawo lalikulu la eranthis yozizira ndi manda otseka. Mu mitambo nyengo, masamba adzapanikizika mwamphamvu, kudziteteza ku chinyezi chambiri.
Pakuyamba kwa chilimwe, gawo lapansi la eranthis limafa, koma tubers timabisala mobisa. M'gululi muli mitundu itatu:
- Noel Ay Res - maluwa osiyanasiyana a terry okhala ndi mawonekedwe ovuta;
- Pauline - Mtundu wachinyamata wamkulu ku England wokongoletsa minda;
- Magolovesi a Orange - Mtundu wosakanizidwa wokhala ndi maluwa owala kwambiri. Pa tsinde la eranthis, masentimita 1-3 pansi pa manda, pali kolala yobiriwira.
Star Eranthis Pakatikati, kumapeto kwa Far East kuphimba utoto wowoneka ngati nyenyezi. Mtunduwu umagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati maluwa, amakula mpaka 20 cm kutalika pamalo abwino. Palibe masamba pa tsinde. Nthawi zambiri amapezeka oyera.
Ili ndi dzina lake chifukwa cha manda, omwe amapanga nyenyezi. Amamera m'malo opanda chofewa m'madambo amdondo. Stellate erantis limamasula mwachidule - osakwana milungu iwiri.
Cirrus masika wamba kuzilumba za Japan ndipo ali ndi maluwa oyera oyera ngati chipale chofiyira ndi ma stamens abuluu - mitundu yosadziwika kwambiri ya eranthis.
Erantis Tubergen
Mtundu wosakanizidwa womwe umaphatikiza zomwe zimatha kukhala nyengo yachisanu ndi kasupe wa Cilician. Mukabzala, zikuwoneka kuti ma tubers a Erantis ndi akulu kwambiri, ndipo pambuyo podziika maluwa samawonekera.
Mitunduyi ndi ya maluwa aatali, okhala ndi mitundu ingapo:
- Guinea Golide - yodziwika ndi otsika zimayambira 10 cm, masamba achikasu achikasu okhala ndi "kolala" yobiriwira ndi br bronze;
- Ulemerero - Imakhala ndi masamba obiriwira komanso masamba, komanso mawonekedwe achikasu. Oyenera kukonza dimba lamalimwe, kuphatikiza ndi mitundu ina ya eranthis imapitilira maluwa.
Erantis waku Siberia dzinalo likuwonetsa kuti duwa lakuthengo nthawi zambiri limapezeka ku Siberia yaku West ndi Eastern. Minda ikuluikulu imapezeka m'mphepete mwa mitsinje, kumapiri okwera. Nthawi zambiri amatha kuwoneka m'minda yozizira. Zimayambira ndizofooka, koma zimakhala ndi maluwa oyera oyera. Ma inflorescence amatsegulidwa mu Meyi, ndipo mu June chomera chimapumira.
Kasupe wa miyendo yayitali kufalitsidwa ku Central Asia. Kutalika kwa mbewu payekha kumafikira 25 cm.Maluwa amayamba mochedwa - Meyi. Masamba ndi akulu, owala. Pakutha kwa Juni, imazimiririka ndikupanga matumba otulutsa ndi mbewu.
Cilician Masika idayamba kufalikira kuchokera kumwera kwa Europe ndi Asia Minor. Imayamba kuphuka patadutsa masiku 12-16 kuposa mitundu yozizira. Amapezeka kwambiri kuthengo kuposa m'minda, chifukwa chamaluwa ochepa. Osakhala oyenera kulimidwa kumadera omwe ali ndi chisanu mosalekeza. Zimasiyanasiyana munthawi ya masamba oyamba ndi miyala yofiirira yofiirira yokhala ndi underlayer wofiyira. Chimakula chotsika - mpaka 10-12 cm.
Kubzala kwa Erantis ndi chisamaliro
Mtengowo suwoneka wowoneka bwino kuti uzisamalira, koma pali mfundo zofunika kuziganizira mukabzala:
- erantises amakonda malo okhala ndi dzuwa, musangalale pansi pa mitengo yachilendo, lingalirani izi posankha malo obzala (perekani gawo lakumadzulo kapena lakumwera kwa dimba);
- mbewu monga chinyezi chambiri, koma madzi ayenera kudutsa m'nthaka mosavuta - muyenera ngalande zabwino, apo ayi mizu iyamba kuwola;
- dothi lokondedwa la erantis ndi loamy (chisakanizo chamchenga ndi dongo, chomwe chimalola chinyezi ndi mpweya kudutsa bwino);
- Erantis amathanso kudyetsedwa ndi feteleza wa michere, pomwe limaphuka kwambiri. Koma duwa silofunikira kwambiri pamtunda wa thanzi;
- Chofunikira kuti pakhale bwino ma tubers ndi mbewu ndikusaloledwa m'dothi. Ngati dziko lapansi lili ndi acidic, amawonjezera laimu.
Musanafike, onetsetsani kuti akumasuka pansi. Ganizirani posankha malo oti mubzale erantis omwe chinyezi chochulukacho chimadzunjikana kumapeto kumapeto, komwe mizu imayamba kuwola.
Uphungu! Gwiritsani ntchito mayeso a asidi wa dothi musanadzale maluwa. Wogulitsidwa mumtundu wa litmus strips ndikuthandizira kudziwa mtundu wa dothi - losalowerera, acidic kapena zamchere.
Mukasankha malo abwino, pitani kosaka erantis:
- Zilowetsani m'mazira 12 kwa maola 12 musanabzalire pansi. Ndondomeko imathandizira kumera.
- Bzalani ma tubers akuya masentimita 5-6, nthawi yomweyo kuthira madzi okhazikika.
- Ngati mukubzala mbewu, zichiteni mu Ogasiti-Sepemba. Njira yofesera ikufalikira, ndikutsata ndikuphimba pansi ndi wosanjikiza mpaka masentimita 2. Mutakonkha, kuthirirani kama.
- Mbewu za Eranthis zingabzalidwe m'mabokosi kunyumba, ndipo pambuyo pakupanga kwa ma tubers, zibzalidwe m'malo okhazikika.
Erantis amasamalira atafika
Mtengo wa masika ndi maluwa osavuta kusamalira bwino omwe ali abwino kwa olima masamba oyambira. Tsatirani malingaliro osavuta, ndipo adzakondwera nthawi yayitali ndi masamba okongola komanso kusowa kwa mavuto:
- osalola kuyanika kwambiri, koma samalani chifukwa chochepetsetsa chinyezi chambiri, makamaka pakati pa achinyamata tubers. Kuchita mopambanitsa kungapewe ngati ngalande ntchito;
- ngakhale masika ataphuka, chotsani namsongole pafupi ndi icho, chifukwa tubers akupitiliza kukula;
- pakudyetsa, gwiritsani ntchito njira yofooka ya feteleza wam'mera musanafike maluwa, itatha ndi nthawi yophukira;
- Osabzala maluwa ena pamwamba pa kasupe wofota;
- chilimwe, chilimwe cha erantis chimapuma, sikofunikira kuthilira madzi ambiri (chilala chaching'ono sichingavulaze kwambiri, komanso pamaso pa mvula nthawi zonse, kuthirira kumayimitsidwa kwathunthu).
Zomera zopangidwa sizifunikira kusankha mtundu wamadzi. Mbewu zobzalidwa kumene komanso ma tubers amayenera kuthiriridwa ndi madzi ozizira omwe akhala kwakanthawi. Malinga ndi malingaliro osavuta, erantis amasangalala ndi maluwa ambiri m'malo amodzi kwa zaka 5.
Caucasian hellebore ndi membala wa banja la a Ranunculaceae. Kukula pakubzala ndi kusamalira poyera, osavutitsa alimi, komabe akuyenera kutsatira njira zaulimi. Malangizo onse ofunikira kuti mulimidwe ndi kusamaliridwa ndi hellebore mutha kupezeka m'nkhaniyi.
Kulima mbewu kwa Erantis
Mutha kufalitsa kasupe ndi mbewu ndi ma tubers. Imabereka mosavuta popanda kutengapo gawo ndi anthu - kumwaza. Kuteteza dimba la mundawo pakufalikira kwa Erantis munyengo zotsatirazi, mitundu yomwe ipangike njereyi iyenera kuyang'aniridwa.
Kubalalitsa kwa mbewu
Mwanjira yomweyo, kasupe amakula mu vivo. Zomwezi zimachitika panja.
Mphepo imatha kufalitsa mbewu kutali ndi mbewu za kholo. Erantis wobzala ndi wodzipatula sikutanthauza chisamaliro chapadera.
Kubzala masamba a Erantis
Mbewu za Erantis zofesedwa m'dzinja mutakolola, malowa amasankhidwa mumthunzi. Zomera zimaphukira pofika zaka zitatu, ndipo mphukira zoyambirira zimatuluka mchaka (kachulukidwe kwambiri komanso kumera kwa mbeu).
Kubzala kwa Erantis masika
Chapakatikati, mbewu za erantis zobzalidwa zimabzalidwa. Kuti muchite njirayi, muyenera kuyiyika mu thireyi yopangidwa ndi polystyrene, pomwe dothi limakonkhedwa bwino: madzi, peat kapena mchenga. Pambuyo pamapangidwe dothi, muyenera kuliphatikiza bwino (gwiritsani ntchito mfuti yafira). Pamwamba pa osakaniza kufalitsa mbewu ndikuwaza ndi woonda wosanjikiza peat, kuphimba ndi tray yofanana.
Pazinthu zachilengedwe, mbewu za erantis zitha kuyikidwa mu chisanu. Sankhani malo pomwe mphepo yamphamvu simalowa kuti thirakiti lakumwamba lisawuluke. Kuti mukhale wodalirika, mutha kukulunga ndi tepi kapena tepi yamagetsi. Pa mtundu uliwonse wamasika, pamakhala nthawi ina yopanga zitsamba zomwe zakonzeka kubzala. Pazolocha, opanga nthawi zambiri amazindikira izi.
M'chaka choyamba, masamba okha a cotyledonous amapezeka, patatha milungu ingapo amwalira, ndipo tinthu ting'onoting'ono timamera mkati mwa dothi. Mapangidwe akenthu amapezeka mchaka cha 2 mutabzala. Mizu yolimbitsidwa ya Erantis imayenera kusinthidwa kupita kumalo komwe ikamakula nthawi zonse.
Kufalikira kwa tuber ya Erantis
M'chaka choyamba mutabzala, erantis tubers sangathe kubereka, chifukwa zaka 2 ziyenera kudutsa. Mitundu ina imayamba kubala tubers mwana wazaka 3 zokha. Njira yopezera babu yatsopano imakhala ndi magawo angapo:
- M'pofunika kudikira mpaka kasupe atazimiriratu, koma amakhalabe ndi masamba amoyo. Panthawi imeneyi, amakumba tubers.
- Mababu a mwana wamkazi amapatukana mosamala, kusamala kuti asawononge kapangidwe ka magawo onsewo.
- Achinyamata tubers obzalidwa nthawi yomweyo momwe amakulira nthawi zonse.
- Mutha kudula ma tubers kukhala ogawa, kuwaza malo olekanitsidwa ndi malasha osweka ndikuwoka mbewu.
- Muyenera kubzala maimidwe 10 masentimita popanda wina ndi mzake ndi zidutswa 6 pabowo limodzi. Yikani chimbudzi pakuya kwa masentimita 6, koma osachepera 4 cm.
Musanabzala kasupe, mabowo amayenera kuthiriridwa ndikuwazisakaniza ndi humus, mitengo yosagwirizana ndi kompositi. PH yosalowerera m'dothi imatha kuchitika ndi phulusa. Watsopano mabedi mulch kuti chinyontho m'mataika padziko lapansi.
Matenda ndi Tizilombo
Zomera zomwe zili pamizu, zimayambira ndi inflorescence zili ndi ziphe zomwe zimakhala zowopsa pama tizilombo oyipa kwambiri. Matenda ndi tizirombo touluka sizimakhudza. Chokhacho chomwe chili chowopsa kwa iye ndi mtundu wa imvi. Amatuluka madzi osasunthika mumizu. Ndikofunika kuyang'anira chinyezi cha dziko lapansi, kuchotsa madzi ambiri nthawi kuti chomera chisayambe kuvunda.
Kutulutsa koyambirira kwa eranthis "kumakondedwa kwambiri" ndi njuchi. Amakhala osangalala kutola timadzi tokoma kuchokera pamenepo, kenako ndikupanga uchi wabwino. Pazambiri zomwe zimapangidwa ndi mitundu ya "meform forbs" kapena "piedmont forbs" nthawi zonse pamakhala zinthu zina zabwino za mbewuyi. Mosiyana ndi mbali zina zonse, mungu wake si woopsa.
