Araucaria - nyumba yakunyumba

Malo omwe mbewuyi idabadwira ndi Australia, New Zealand ndi South America. Mtengo wamtengo wapatali wa coniferous ndiye wokhawo pakati pa mbewu zamkati. Araucaria ndiosavuta kukula komanso yokongola kukongoletsa nyumba.

Chilean Araucaria (Araucaria araucana)

Mitundu ya Araucaria ya banja la Araucaria imakhala ndi mitundu 19 ya ku Australia ndi kuzilumba za New Guinea, New Caledonia ndi Norfolk ndi mitundu iwiri ku America. Awa ndi ma conifera okhala ndi masamba olimba kapena opindika. Kugawidwa, monga taonera kale, ku Australia ndi South America. Mbeu zake ndi zodyeka, nkhuni zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga, popanga mipando.

Mitundu ingapo imayatsidwa ngati chokongoletsera pagombe la Black Sea ku Caucasus.

Araucaria ndi imodzi mwazomera zochepa zobiriwira zomwe zimatha kubzala mumphika kunyumba. Chomera ngati chomera chokongoletsera masamba. Gwiritsani ntchito poto wamphika komanso m'minda yozizira m'matumba a tapeworm. Kutulutsa maluwa kwa araucaria kumakhala kovuta. Amakhulupirira kuti araucaria, monga ma conifers ambiri, amayeretsa mpweya.

Araucaria © Lusitana

Mawonekedwe

Kutentha: Nthawi iliyonse pachaka, kwa chomera ichi, ndikofunikira kusankha malo abwino m'chipindacho, kutentha komwe kukufunika ndi 10-12 ° C, kutentha pamwamba pa 15-16 ° C mbewuyo sikuleza, singano zimayamba kutembenukira chikaso.

Zowunikira: Kuwala kosangalatsa. M'nyengo yotentha, amamva bwino panja.

Kuthirira: Chomera chimafuna kuthirira nthawi zonse ndipo sichilola kuti ziume zipsepu. Simalimbikitsidwanso kuthiridwa ndi madzi olimba. Chifukwa chake, araucaria amathiriridwa ndimadzi otetezedwa bwino, mvula kapena madzi owiritsa.

Feteleza: Kudyetsa araucaria gwiritsani ntchito feteleza wophatikiza wama mineral mu theka la mankhwala, i.e. kuwirikiza kawiri kuposa zomera zina zamkati. Kuvala kwapamwamba kumachitika kuyambira Epulo mpaka Ogasiti patatha milungu itatu. Feteleza zachilengedwe sizigwiritsidwa ntchito ngati araucaria.

Chinyezi cha mpweya: M'zipinda zofunda, mbewuyo imafunikira kuwazidwa katatu patsiku. Nthaka mumphika imakutidwa ndi sphagnum moss, yomwe imayamba kunyowa.

Thirani: Thambo limachitika kamodzi zaka 4-5, mpaka theka la magawo okhala ndi peat okhala ndi asidi atha kuwonjezeredwa ndi zosakanikirana ndi dothi lanyumba zam'mimba (zogulitsidwa ngati dothi la Rhododendrons). Poika mbewu, yesetsani kuti musawononge mizu.

Araucaria columnaris (Araucaria columnaris)

Chisamaliro

M'zipinda zomwe zimatenthedwa ndi mpweya wouma, kukula kwa araucaria ndikovuta. Araucaria amakula bwino m'malo obiriwira. Pogula chomera ichi, tiyenera kukumbukira kuti kusatsatira malamulo a kusunga araucaria kungayambitse kufa kwa mbewu kapena matenda ake.

Chomera chimakonda kuwala kosunthika, komabe, kuchokera pakulowera dzuwa mwachindunji m'chilimwe ndikwabwino kupukusa araucaria; imatha kumera pamtchire M'chilimwe imatha kuwonekera panja, koma iyenera kutetezedwa kuchokera ku kuwala kwa dzuwa ndi mpweya wabwino. Zomera zazikulu za araucaria zimayikidwa m'malo owala a zipinda zapakati komanso zazikulu. Ndikofunika kuyika araucaria mzipinda momwe kuwala kumagwera kuchokera mbali ziwiri. Kupanda kutero, araucaria imayenera kuzungulira mosalekeza kuzungulira kwake - pafupifupi madigiri 90 kamodzi pa sabata. Izi ndizofunikira pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti mbewu zikukula.

Chomera chimafuna mpweya wabwino komanso chipinda chozizirirapo. M'chilimwe, matenthedwe amatha kutentha kutentha kwa m'chipinda, mulingo woyenera uli mkati mwa 20 ° C. Ndikofunikira kuti nthawi yozizira kutentha kuchipinda komwe araucaria kuli sikukwera pamwamba pa 14-15 ° C, ndipo kutentha kwakukulu kuli pafupifupi 10 ° C.

Ndikofunikira kuthirira araucaria chaka chonse, pogwiritsa ntchito madzi okhazikika. M'nyengo yozizira, kuthirira moyenera kumafunikira, makamaka ngati kusungidwa m'chipinda chozizira, ndipo nthawi yachilimwe ndi chilimwe chimagwira kwambiri, panthawiyi, kuyanika matope osokoneza bongo kumakhala kowopsa kwambiri, komabe, madzi sayenera kusunthika mumphika.

M'chilimwe, tikulimbikitsidwa kupopera mankhwala a singano ya Araucaria nthawi ndi nthawi, ndipo nthawi yozizira, muzipinda zamkati, izi ziyenera kuchitika. Ndikofunika kupopera araucaria kawiri pa tsiku ndi madzi okhazikika pa kutentha kwa firiji.

Nthawi yakula (nthawi yachilimwe ndi nthawi yachilimwe), araucaria amayenera kudyetsedwa masabata awiri aliwonse ndi feteleza wokhala ndi calcium yochepa (chomera sichimawoneka bwino), ndipo njira yothira feteleza ndi yofooka. Mutha kudyetsa kulowetsedwa kwa mullein kamodzi pamwezi.

Wogulitsa mu Marichi-Epulo komanso nthawi yotentha. Zomera zimayikidwa ndikofunikira, pomwe dothi lonse lidzakulungidwa ndi mizu. Zoyerekeza zokulitsidwa zokha ndizomwe zimaziika, chifukwa araucaria simalola kufalikira. Araucaria wamkulu adzafunika kumuika pakadutsa zaka 3-4 zilizonse. Miphika iyenera kutengedwa mokulira, yopanga ngalande, kukula kwa araucaria m'miphika yaying'ono kumalepheretsa kukula kwa mbewu.

Dothi la araucaria ndilofunikira ndikofunikira ndi asidi. Gawo laling'ono limapangidwa ndi turf, tsamba, nthaka ya peat ndi mchenga (1: 2: 2: 1), kapena nthaka ya dongo-turf-tsamba ndi mchenga (2: 1: 0.5). Kuphatikizidwa kwa magawo ofanana a deciduous, sod ndi landiferous land, humus, peat ndi mchenga, ndikuwonjezeranso ndi theka la gawo la dziko la coniferous, ndiloyenera.

Araucaria - chomera chabwino kwambiri cha hydroponic chikhalidwe.

Araucaria heterophyllus (Araucaria heterophylla) © Kurt Stüber

Kuswana

Kufalikira ndi mbewu ndi tsinde-lignified kudula.

Mbewu zofesedwa mutakolola, pomwe zimataya kumera msanga. Zofesedwa chimodzi nthawi mumiphika yodzazidwa ndi dothi losakanizika ndi mchenga, ndikuwonjezedwa kwa makala pang'ono kapena kuchokera pepala, peat, turf kumtunda ndi mchenga. Pukutani, kuphimba ndi wosanjikiza wa sphagnum pamwamba, ndikuyika miphika mchipinda ndi kutentha kwa 18-20 ° C. Pukuta ndi kupuma mpweya nthawi ndi nthawi. Kuwombera kumawoneka mosiyanasiyana, kuyambira milungu iwiri mpaka miyezi iwiri. Mbande imadzimbidwa pambuyo pa kuwonekera kwa singano yoyamba, ngati mbande zibzalidwe imodzi mumphika, ndiye kuti sizimayenda, koma nkuchokapo mpaka mizu ya chomera itazungusira mtanda wonsewo, pambuyo pake ndikuwolowetsa mumipanda yayikulu.

Zikafalikira ndi zodula pang'ono, zimayambira mu Marichi-Epulo. Mitengo yokhotakhota ya munthu wamkulu imadulidwa kudula, 3-4 masentimita pansi pa whorl. Asanabzike, zodulidwazo zimaphwa m'malo opanda kanthu kwa tsiku limodzi. Kenako zigawo zimatsukidwa ndimadzi owononga ndikuwothira mafuta makala. Komanso, musanabzike, zodulira zodula zimatha kuthandizidwa ndimtundu wowonjezera mphamvu (heteroauxin). Zodulidwa zimabzalidwa kuti zizika mizu imodzi nthawi imodzi, mu gawo lonyowa lopangidwa ndi peat ndi mchenga (1: 1) kapena mchenga chabe. Chophimba chapamwamba ndi kapu yowonekera (mtsuko, botolo la pulasitiki). Mizu imachitika mwachangu mu wowonjezera kutentha mini. Sungani kutentha kozungulira 24-26 ° C, kupopera nthawi zonse komanso kupumira mpweya pafupipafupi. Kuzika kwa mizere ya araucaria ndi njira yayitali, kumachitika pakatha miyezi iwiri. Ngati kutentha komwe kudulidwako kuli kotsika, ndiye kuti kuzika mizu kumatha mpaka miyezi inayi mpaka isanu. Ukaluka ukadzazika ndi mizu, mabulosi akuda amazabzala mu gawo loyenerera wamkulu chomera.

Mavuto omwe angakhalepo

Chiphuphu cha araucaria chimafuna kusamalira mosamala kwambiri - pali malo okula, ngati awonongeka, mbewuyo imasiya kukula bwino ndikukula.

M'malo opezeka mkati, chomera nthawi zambiri chimakhala ndi mpweya wouma, kutentha pang'ono nthawi yozizira, kusowa kwa magetsi.

Kuchokera pakuthamanga kwambiri kapena madzi ochuluka, nthambi za mitengo zimatha.

Ngati mpweya ndi wouma kwambiri komanso wopanda chinyezi, mphukira zimasanduka chikasu komanso zowuma, singano zimatha kugwa.

Ndikusowa kwa kadyedwe, mphukira zatsopano zimamera.

Ndi calcium yochulukirapo m'nthaka, kukula kwazomera nthawi zambiri kumachepetsa.

Zowonongeka: nsabwe za m'masamba, ma mebubu, zimatha kuwonongeka ndi tizirombo tina ta coniferous.

Mitundu

Variegated araucaria kapena mkati mwake (Araucaria heterophylla). Homeland Island - Norfolk. Mitengo yokongola iyi yomwe ili ndi korona wa piramidi imafikira 60 m wamtali, wokhala ndi khungwa lotuwa. Nthambizo zimachiimbira mluzu, mpaka zimakulika kumanja kwa thunthu, ndikupanga chisoti chachifumu chokwanira. Masamba ndiwofewa, owoneka ngati owoneka bwino, owongoka pang'ono kupita kumtunda, malo okumbika, yaying'ono, mpaka 2 cm kutalika, mawonekedwe owoneka ngati singano, wobiriwira wopepuka, wolingika mokhazikika. Mu chikhalidwe, nthawi zambiri amasokonezedwa ndi mtundu wina - mkulu Araucaria (A. excelsa).

Mtundu wamtunduwu wa araucaria ndi mbewu yofala m'nyumba (m'nyumba, makamaka m'miphika yolimba, mbewu zimamera pang'onopang'ono kuposa zachilengedwe).

Araucaria wosachepera (Araucaria angustifolia), kapena Brazil Araucaria (Araucaria brasiliana). Imamera m'mapiri akumwera kwa Brazil. Awa ndi mitengo ikuluikulu, yakufikira 50 m mwachilengedwe. Nthambi za mbewu iyi ndi zopyapyala. Masamba amakhala pamzere-lanceolate, mpaka 5 cm kutalika, wobiriwira wowala. Oyenera kukula m'mzipinda, chifukwa araucaria samakonda kukula kuposa malo atatu mchipinda ndi malo obiriwira.

Chapakati pa Araucaria kapena araucaria wophika (Araucaria columnaris), yogawa madera akum'mwera otentha ku New Hebrides komanso pachilumba cha Sosnovy (New Caledonia). Mitengo ikuluikulu (chithunzi) cha mitengo yabwinoyi kuvala moyenera, kuyambira pansi mpaka pamwamba, ndi korona wopyapyala, wokumbutsa bwino korona wa piramidi. Amapangidwa ndi nthambi zazifupi zomwe zimasonkhanitsidwa kumiyala ndi kufalikira kuchokera kumtengo pafupi kumanzere kumanja (mu cypress, nthambi zimakanikizidwa motsutsana ndi thunthu). Pachilumba cha Sosnovy, araucaria wooneka ngati chipilala amapanga nkhalango zowirira, zomwe zimawoneka ngati oyamba kuyenda omwe amawayerekezera ndi mzati wa basalt kapena ndi chimindo cha fodya. Pamwamba pa mtengo, chisoti chachifumu nthawi zambiri chimakulitsidwa. Zida za araucaria yooneka ngati zipilala, mpaka 10cm kutalika, ali ndi mawonekedwe omera chifukwa cha m'miyeso, amakokedwa ndi mbali yayitali ya 5-6 mm, yomwe imapinda pansi.

Araucaria waku Chile (Araucaria araucana) samangokhala ku Chile, komanso kumadzulo kwa Argentina. Chilera Araucaria ndi mtengo waukulu kwambiri, womwe ndi kutalika kwa 60 m ndi thunthu mulifupi mwake mpaka 1.5m. Korona wamitengo yaying'ono ndi piramidi, pomwe nthambi zake zam'munsi zangokhala pansi. Ndi zaka, nthambi zam'munsi nthawi zambiri zimagwa. Nthambi zamtsogolo za mitengo ya anthu akuluakulu zimapezeka 6-7 m'makokomo, ndizowongoka kapena mopendekera pang'ono pamitengo yakale; Korona imakhala yoyang'anira-pansi, pomwe imangokhala pamwamba pake. Khungubwi limakhala louma, lopindika, lalitali. Masamba a ku araucaria aku Chile ndi olimba, amtundu, wobiriwira wakuda, wopindika mosiyanasiyana, wophimba nthambi zofanana kwambiri. Chilera Photophilous Araucaria, imamera nyengo zonyowa, yofananira yonyowa, koma yosasalala, dothi lolemera ndi michere. Imathandizanso malo owuma, komanso achisanu. Mbewu zazikulu za ku Araucaria za ku Chile ndizopatsa thanzi komanso zosangalatsa.