Chophimba (pennisetum or cirrus) ndi anthu osazungulira a banja la phala. Ili ndi mitundu pafupifupi 150 ya mbewu zomwe zimamera ku Africa ndi South America.
Zambiri
Dzinali limachokera ku mawu awiri achi Latin, omwe amasuliridwa ku Russian ngati "bristle" ndi "nthenga". Awa ndi mafotokozedwe a mawonekedwe a cholembera cham'mimba. M'munda wa nyengo yathu yotentha, chikhalidwecho sichitha kupezeka nthawi zambiri, chifukwa sichilimbana kwambiri ndi chisanu, chifukwa chake chimakhwima mumachubu omwe amayeretsedwa mu chipinda chapansi nthawi yachisanu. Koma izi sizikulepheretsa mbewu kuti ipeze kutchuka pakati pa opanga mawonekedwe ndi olima dimba.
Makamaka, maluwa obiriwira a herpaceous amenewa amatchedwa "udzu wachitsime", chifukwa mapangidwe ake otumphukira ali ofanana ndi akasupe amadzi otchingidwa ndi masamba obiriwira obiriwira.
Mabulosi a sinamoni achilendo amasavuta kufalitsa ndikukula. Sakufunika chisamaliro chapadera, ndipo kufunika kwake kokongoletsa ndikofunika kukongoletsa munda wake ndi mbewu iyi.
Mitundu ndi mitundu ya pennisetum
Pennissetum foxtail - Australia ndi East Asia amaonedwa kuti ndiwo malo achilengedwe azomera. Chikhalidwechi ndi chotupa chamtchire chomwe chikukula mpaka 100 cm. Ili ndi ma inflorescence ofewa owoneka ngati mivi okhala ndi inflorescence yofiirira kapena yofiirira. Masamba a masamba ndi owonda, obiriwira amtundu, omwe amasintha chikasu pofika nthawi yophukira. Nthawi yamaluwa imagwera kumapeto kwa chilimwe. Mtengowo umakhalabe wokongoletsa mpaka kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira. Ndi chisanu.
Pennisetum Bristle - ndi herbaceous osatha kukula mpaka 130 sentimita. Ili ndi mawonekedwe a chitsamba chokulirapo. Masamba osalala ndiwosalala, wobiriwira wakuda, wopapatiza komanso wautali. Spike inflorescence pamithunzi yakuda. Zomera zimayambira koyambirira kwa Ogasiti mpaka kumapeto kwa Seputembala. Spikelets za pennisetum amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochita maluwa kuti apange maluwa. Zosiyanasiyana sizoyipa.
Pennisetum Grey - ndi wandiweyani, wamkulu herbaceous osatha kukula mu mawonekedwe a chitsamba, mpaka mpaka 2 mita kutalika. Nthawi yotentha imakhala ngati pachaka. Masamba amtundu wamkuwa ndi burgundy, lonse. Inflorescence ndi yayitali, yayitali, yotsika. Amaluwa kuyambira Julayi mpaka Sepemba.
Pennisetum East - ndi herbaceous osatha shrub. M'malo otentha nyengo imakhazikika ngati pachaka. Kuthengo kumamera ku Caucasus, India, Africa ndi Asia. Amakonza nthaka yamiyala. Kutalika, chikhalidwecho chimatha kufika masentimita 80. Spiky inflorescence ndi wandiweyani, wokhala ndi mabedi oyipa ndi mtundu wapinki kapena wofiirira. Zomera zimayamba maluwa mu Ogasiti. Zosiyanasiyana ndizosagwira chisanu.
Pennisetum Zosavuta
Ndiwo mitundu yosagonjetsedwa kwambiri ndi chisanu yomwe imamera m'tchire ku China ndi Himalaya. Chitsamba chimafika kutalika kwa masentimita 120. Imakhala ndi timitengo tating'ono, tating'ono komanso totalika ta masamba obiriwira. Nthawi yamaluwa ndi Juni. Spikelets ali ndi kuwala wobiriwira wobiriwira, akusintha kukhala wachikasu-bulauni kumayambiriro kwa nthawi yophukira.
Pennisetum Rubrum - ndi herbaceous osatha kukula mpaka 70 sentimita. Masamba ochepera ndi athyathyathya amakhala ndi tint wowala wowala. Ma inflorescence ndi mawonekedwe owoneka ngati kangaude, wautali, wofiirira wokhala ndi setae wamisala. Nthawi yamaluwa ili mu Julayi. Spikelets amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu maluwa okongoletsa kuti apange zikumbutso za mtengo wakufa.
Pennisetum Red mutu - ndi yaing'ono osatha, okula mpaka 30 sentimita. M'malo otentha kwambiri, zitsamba zowirira zimakulidwa ngati chaka. Ma plates a masamba ndi owonda, obiriwira, mtundu wamagulu, zitsinde zowongoka. Inflorescence ndi yayitali, mwanjira ya spikelets yaubweya. Kutulutsa maluwa kuyambira Ogasiti mpaka Seputembala.
Pennisetum Hameln - mbewuyo ndi chitsamba chazomera cha herbaceous chomwe chimakula kutalika mpaka 70 sentimita. Masamba ndiwobiliwira, owonda, aatali. Inflorescences mu mawonekedwe a spikelets a arched mawonekedwe, beige. Nthawi yamaluwa imakhala kumapeto kwa chilimwe mpaka pakati pa nthawi yophukira.
Pennisetum Sky Rocket
Ndi shrub yobiriwira yokhala ndi masamba obiriwira oyera m'mphepete, owonda, owongoka, komanso masamba ataliitali. Chikhalidwechi chimakula mpaka 50 cm. Ma inflorescence ndi ma spikelets okhala ndi bristles ofiirira. Chomera chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mosamalitsa mu maluwa ndi mawonekedwe.
Pennisetum Purple Baron - mbewuyo imafikira masentimita 110. Ili ndi lamba, wautali, lathyathyathya pepala lamtundu wa bronze-burgundy. Ma inflorescence ali ndi mawonekedwe a masilamu aatali a cylindrical a utoto wakuda. Nthawi yamaluwa ya mbewu imagwera pakati pa chilimwe.
Pennisetum Shaggy - ndi herbaceous osatha, mpaka kutalika kwa 60 sentimita. Kuthengo, kumera kum'mawa kwa Africa. Imakonda dothi lamiyala ndipo imakula makamaka pamiyala. Mu nyengo yofunda kumalimbikitsidwa kukula mumphika. Ma mbale opanda masamba ndi aatali, owonda, obiriwira. Zomera zimatentha pakati pa chilimwe.
Pennisetum Little Bunny - ndi herbaceous osatha kukula mu mawonekedwe a chitsamba. Zosiyanasiyana zimatsitsidwa pansi, mpaka kutalika kwa masentimita 50. Masamba a masamba ndi ochepa, mzere, wobiriwira. Inflorescences mu mawonekedwe a wandiweyani spikelets ndi bristles of wotumbulika kirimu kapena oyera hue. Limayamba maluwa kuchokera mu Ogasiti mpaka Seputembala.
Pennysetum Carly Rose - ndi msuzi wa herbaceous wamuyaya womwe umatalika mpaka 80 sentimita. Masamba a mbewuyo ndi opyapyala, owonda, obiriwira. Ma inflorescence ali ngati kangaude, wowonda wokhala ndi ziphuphu zazitali za pinki-violet. Kalasiyo siyigonjetsedwa ndi chisanu. Limamasula kuyambira Julayi mpaka Sepemba.
Kubzala pennisetum panja ndi chisamaliro
Chikhalidwe chimakonda kuwala, pachifukwa ichi ziyenera kubzalidwa m'malo opepuka. Mukabzala mbewu mu mzere ndi kotentha, malo ake ayenera kusankhidwa mumtundu wochepa. Komanso bedi la penisetum liyenera kutetezedwa ku mphepo yozizira ndi kukonzekera. Kubzala mbewu za chimanga kutha kuchitika mwachindunji panja ndi njere, ndikuyamba kubzala mbande, kenako mbewu zazikuluzo zitha kusinthidwa kumunda zikaopseza chisanu.
Mukamasankha njira yodzalirira mbolo, ndikofunikira kukonza chidebe chosakanizika ndi mchenga ndikuzama ndikufikiramo ndi theka masentimita, pambuyo pake dothi likhala lonyowa, litakulungidwa ndi filimu ndikusiyidwa pamalo otentha otetezedwa kuti asalembe. Kubzala mbewu kuyenera kuchitika mu Epulo. Ngati mbande ilibe dzuwa pang'ono, ndiye kuti ikhoza kuwonetsedwa ndi phytolamp. Ikakula ndikukula bwino, iyenera kukhazikika pa malo osakhazikika.
Kubzala mbewu panthaka kuyenera kuchitika kumapeto kwa Epulo - Meyi, pomwe vuto la chisanu likazimiririka. Zomera zikaphukira, zimayenera kupakidwa. Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti mukafesa mbewu, dothi liyenera kusakanikirana ndi mchenga musanabzalire kuti likhale ndi mphamvu yokwanira ndi mpweya wabwino.
Pennisetum ndi chomera chosasamala. Kuti ikule bwino ndikukula, munthu sayenera kuloleza kufinya kapena kufinya. Mitengoyi yomwe imakonda kutentha imakhala yabwino kwambiri m'maluwa omwe amatha kubweretsedweratu m'chipinda chozizira.
Miscanthus ndi membala wa banja la a Cereal. Amabzalidwa nthawi yobzala ndi kusamalira poyera popanda zovuta, ngati mumatsatira malamulo aulimi. Mutha kupeza malingaliro onse ofunikira m'nkhaniyi.
Kuthirira kwa penisetum
Ngati mbewuyo imamera m'dera louma, ndiye kuti iyenera kuthiriridwa nthawi zonse kuti nthaka isaphwe.
Ngati nyengo ndi yanyontho, simungathe kuthirira mbewu, kuyang'anira momwe nthaka ili, nthawi ndi nthawi kumasula udzu ndi udzu.
Choyambirira cha penisetum
Mtengowo umafunikira pamtunda, ngakhale mitundu ina imakulanso m'nthaka. Dera la Pennisetum liyenera kukhala lachonde, lokhala ndi humus komanso pang'ono ndi peat ndi mchenga kuonetsetsa kuti pali madzi abwino komanso kupuma.
Dothi lokumbidwa mosamalitsa losakanizika ndi peat ndi kompositi ndi yoyenera pachikhalidwe. Kusakaniza koteroko kumapereka chomera chaching'ono ndi chakudya choyenera ndipo sichilola kuti chinyezi chisunthe, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti mizu yake idzatetezedwa ku kuvunda.
Kuponyera penisetum
Kubzala mbewu kumachitika kokha ndi cholinga chokonzanso komanso kupatula chitsamba kuti ziberekenso. Imachitidwa kasupe, pomwe nthawi yowopseza chisanu ikazimiririka. Pennisetum imagawidwa bwino pambali ndipo imakhala m'malo omwe anakonzedwa kale.
Dothi labwino lokwiriridwa limayikidwa m'maenje obzala, kenako mbewu ikayikidwa, ndipo mizu imakhala yowongoka ndikuphimbidwa ndi dothi losakaniza dimba, kompositi ndi peat, ndikusenda pansi pang'ono. Pambuyo pochulukitsa, Delenki amathiramo madzi ndikuisamalira mosamala, mpaka atazika malo atsopano.
Pennisetum feteleza
Ngati mbewuyo ikukula panthaka yachonde, simungathe kukumana ndi manyowa.
Zomera zazitali osazungulira zimadyetsedwa feteleza komanso zinthu zina zosiyanasiyana, kuzisintha pang'onopang'ono.
Pennisetum pachimake
Zomera zimakonda kuphuka kuyambira pakati pa chilimwe mpaka m'dzinja loyambilira. Ma inflorescence ndiwotalika, wokhala ndi ma setae. Amatha kukhala a beige, oyera, ansalu komanso ofiirira.
Pambuyo maluwa, mbewu zimayamba kupanga. Popewa mbolo kuti isabalalikire pamalopo, ma spikelets okhwima ayenera kuchotsedwa. Izi sizikhudza kukongoletsa kwa mbewu, koma zimalepheretsa kudzifesa.
Kudulira kwa penisetum
Kudulira mbewu kumachitika mchilimwe kuti "udzutse" mbewuyo ndikuthandizira kukulitsa mphukira zatsopano.
Pakati pa njirayi, zimayambira zakale zimachotsedwa. Spikelets amatuta mu kugwa, nthawi yakucha nthanga kuti zitha kudzilimira.
Kukonzekera pennisetum nthawi yachisanu
Ngati chikhalidwe cholimidwa sichithana ndi chisanu komanso chosatha, ndiye pokonzekera nyengo yachisanu, simukufunika kudula zimayambira, aziteteza mizu ya penisetum ku chisanu. Dothi lozungulira tchire liyenera kuphimbidwa ndi tsamba louma ndikuyala pamwamba pa nthambi zamtengowo.
Chapakatikati, nthawi ikafika yochotsa pogona, pamodzi ndi iyo, kumtunda kwa chitsamba chotsalira nyengo yozizira kuyenera kuchotsedwa kuti masamba atsopano ayambirenso. Zosiyanasiyana zokhala ndi chisanu chochepa kwambiri zimatha kubweretsedwa m'chipindacho ndikusiyidwa kufikira nthawi yamasika.
Kulima mbewu ya Pennisetum
Pennisetum ikhoza kufalitsidwa ndi mbewu ndi njira za zomera. Zomera zitha kufesedwa ponse panthaka ndipo mbande zitha kumera.
Pofesa mbewu yomweyo m'mundamo, njirayi iyenera kuchitika kumapeto kwa Epulo - Meyi koyambirira, nthawi yachisanu ikadzayamba. Patsambalo, muyenera kusankha bedi lokhala ndi zowala bwino. Nthaka iyenera kukhala yachonde ndikuyanthidwa.
Mbewu imabisidwa pang'ono pansi, kenako imathiridwa mu atomizer wobalalika. Tikudikirira mbande, ndikofunikira kuonetsetsa kuti nthaka singaphwe. Zikamera zikamera, zimafunika kudulilidwa kuti mtunda pakati pa mbeu zazing'ono uzitha 50 mpaka 70 cm. Ayenera kupatsidwa chisamaliro mosamala mpaka atakhala olimba komanso okhwima.
Kufesa mbande za pennisetum
Kufesa mbewu za mbande ndikofunikira kumayambiriro kwa Epulo, kugwiritsa ntchito cholingachi poto yaying'ono yokhala ndi chonde zosakanikirana, momwe mukufunikira kuzikitsa mbewu ndikuthira ndi madzi kuchokera botolo lothira. Miphika imakutidwa ndi filimu pamwamba. Iyenera kuchotsedwa kamodzi patsiku kwa theka la ola kuti pakhale mpweya wabwino.
Kuti muchepetse mawonekedwe a pea, muyenera kuyika pansi pa phytolamp kuyambira maola atatu mpaka asanu patsiku. Kutengera ndi kutentha kwa chipinda, kuwoneka kwa zophukira kungayembekezeredwe patatha mwezi umodzi. Zomera zolimba ndi zozika mizu zitha kuzilowetsa pabedi mwa kusinthanitsa ndi digger kuti zisawononge mizu, kuyang'ana mtunda pakati pawo kuchokera pa sentimita 50 mpaka 70.
Kufalitsa kwa Pennisetum pogawa chitsamba
Zomera zitha kufalitsidwa chifukwa cha chitsamba. Ndondomeko ziyenera kuchitika mchaka, kupatulira mphukira kwa chomera. Komanso magawo angapezeke pakukonzanso chitsamba mwakugawa magawo.
Zomwe zimayambitsa pennisentum ziyenera kukhala pansi pokonzekera kugwera ndi ngalande. Masamba okhala pansi amafundira mwachangu ndipo amatulutsa miyezi ingapo atabereka.
Dziwani kuti chitsamba sichingagawidwe m'magawo ochepa kwambiri ndikugawika nthawi zambiri kamodzi pa zaka zisanu.
Matenda ndi Tizilombo
Mwambiri, penisetum saopa matenda kapena tizilombo. Komabe, posasamala, ikhoza kumasulidwa ndikuwopsezedwa ndi nsabwe za m'masamba.
Ikamazizira, gawo lomwe latsala pachisamba liyenera kupatulidwa ndikugawilitsidwa kumalo ena. Mutha kuthana ndi nsabwe za m'masamba pozitulutsa pachitsamba ndi kuthamanga kwamadzi kuchokera pamiyendo kapena kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi tizilombo ta Actellik.
Pomaliza
Pennisetum ili ndi zinthu zambiri zokongoletsa. Itha kubzalidwe payokha kapena kupanga nyimbo ndi maluwa omwe adalipo kale m'mundamo. Ndipo koposa zonse, ndi chisamaliro choyenera, mmerowo udzakondweretsa wolima dimba ndi kukongola kwake kwazaka zambiri.
