Kukwera maluwa ndikukutira mpanda kapena khoma la nyumbayo ndiye kunyadira kwenikweni kwa nyakulima komanso wokonda maluwa. Mwa mitundu yambiri ndi mitundu ya maluwa, maluwawa amakhala malo olemekezeka ndipo amatchuka kwambiri pokongoletsa komanso kusintha munda. Akatswiri ojambula pamtunda amapanga zipilala zopanga mwaluso ndi mizati. Mothandizidwa ndi maluwa amtunduwu, mutha kupanga doko kapena mpanda wowoneka bwino. Kukula kwakanthawi kochepa, maluwa okwera maluwa samangopereka maluwa okongola okha, komanso malo abwino ometa, omwe ndi ofunika kwambiri masiku otentha a chilimwe.
Maluwa samakhala nthawi yayitali, masiku 20-30 June okha. Chikhalidwecho chimakhala ndi utoto wamitundu yosiyanasiyana kuchokera ku maluwa ang'ono-akulu (wokhala ndi masentimita atatu mpaka 5). Kutalika kwa mphukira kumalola mbewu kuti izitha kutalika kwambiri ndikulunga mozungulira malo akuluakulu - kuchokera 1.5 mpaka 5 m.
Kudzala duwa lokwera
Nthawi yayitali
Kubzala nthawi ndikofunikira kuti mbewu zamaluwa zizipitirirabe. Mukabzala maluwa kumayambiriro kwa masika, pakapita nthawi pang'ono mutha kuwona mphukira zazing'ono zingapo ndi masamba owonda. Kubzala mu nthawi yophukira kumalola mbewu kuti mizu ikule ndikukula nyengo yachisanu isanayambe, ndipo kasupe woteroyo akuyamba kale kutulutsa bwino.
Kukonzekera kwa dothi
Kukonzekera kokweza kuyenera kuyamba m'miyezi ingapo. Nthaka yosankhidwa iyenera kukumbidwa ndikuwonjezera dothi mukakumba humus, peat ndi laimu ndikusiya malowo kuti "apumule". Patsiku lobzala, ndikofunikira kuwonjezera manyowa ochepa osakanikirana ndi mbali ziwiri zadongo ndikuthira madzi onse ndi kirimu wowawasa wowoneka bwino pachitsime chilichonse (50 ndi 50 cm kukula kwake ndi chimodzimodzi). Kwa 3 L iliyonse ya feteleza yikani piritsi limodzi la phosphorobacterin.
Kukonzekera ndi kubzala mbande
Asanabzike, mphukira ndi mizu ya ma pinki tchire amazidulira, kusiya kutalika kwa 20 mpaka 30. Njirayi imalimbikitsa maluwa ambiri mtsogolo ndikukula kwathunthu kwa mbewu. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuwaza malo omwe mabala ali pamizu ndi phulusa lamatabwa, ndipo pa mphukira - mafuta ndi mitundu yaminda. Chifukwa chake mabala adzatetezedwa kumatenda osiyanasiyana opatsirana, ndipo machiritso awo adzathamanga.
Tchire limayikidwa mu bowo lokonzedwa, muzu uyenera kukhala wozama pafupifupi masentimita khumi. Mtunda pakati pa tchire ndi 90-100 cm.Pomabzala mbande pafupi ndi hedeni kapena mpanda, ndikofunikira kusiya mtunda pakati pa chithandizo ndi chomera cha masentimita pafupifupi 50. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti mulch nthawi yomweyo dothi pafupi ndi mbande. Monga mulch, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito utuchi, udzu kapena udzu wosenda.
Samalirani kukwera maluwa
Malo ndi kuyatsa
Maluwa a mtunduwu amakonda kumera pamalo owala bwino ndi dzuwa. Ndikokwanira kuti chomera chikhale mumthunzi kapena chautali pang'ono kwa maola awiri patsiku. Phokoso lotere lidzakulitsa nthawi yamaluwa. Komabe, kuwala kwadzuwa masana, kumakhala kwabwino.
Malamulo Othirira
Duwa lokwera ndi mtundu wolekerera chilala ndipo limafunika kuthirira osowa. Kwa iye, kukhathamiritsa kanayi pamwezi kwa kanthawi kamodzi kumakhala kokwanira. Kuchuluka kwanyontho m'nthaka kumabweretsa kuwoneka ngati matenda oyamba ndi fungus, kotero ndi kuchuluka kwa madzi othirira muyenera kusamalanso.
Pogona nyengo yachisanu
Kuteteza chomera cha shrub ku chisanu, ndikofunikira kuchotsa mphukira kuchirikiza isanayambike nyengo yachisanu ndikuyika zinyalala zakonzedwa ku nthambi za masamba kapena masamba owuma. Chophimba chapamwamba ndi chosanjikiza chomwecho ndi pulasitiki wokutira. Pachikuto choterocho, tikulimbikitsidwa kusunga mbewuzo kufikira nthawi yamasika.
Kudulira
Kuti mawonekedwe a mbewu asataye kukongoletsa kwake, ndikofunikira kucheka. Nthawi yabwino kwambiri pa izi ndi masika. Nthambi zouma ndi zouma, komanso mphukira mutatha maluwa, zimadulira.
Kuti muwonjezere maluwa, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti muzichotsa zitsamba pa nthawi yake maluwa.
Feteleza ndi feteleza
Feteleza wophatikizira maluwa opaka maluwa amayamba ntchito nthawi yakukula osaposa nthawi 4 pafupipafupi.
Ma Bush mapangidwe
Mapangidwe a chitsamba amatengera kuyika koyenera kwa mphukira pa trellis kapena thandizo lina. Ngati mungakonze nthambi ndi chopendekera kapena mozungulira, chikhalidwecho chimapereka mphamvu zake zonse pakupanga masamba ndi maluwa.
Njira zofalitsira maluwa okwera
Kufalitsa pang'onopang'ono
Kubwezeretsanso masanjidwewo kumachitika mchaka. Mphukira zam'munsi zokhazikika pansi zimakonkhedwa ndi dothi la humus, nthawi zonse amathiriridwa. Pakatha chaka, mphukira imasiyanitsidwa ndi chitsamba chachikulu ndikubzala mosiyana.
Kufalikira ndi kudula
Zidulidwa zimadulidwa kuchokera pakati pa mphukira mutatha maluwa. Chida chilichonse chimayenera kukhala ndi impso zosachepera zinayi. Podzala, sankhani malo opanda mchenga ndi dothi lachonde. Chisamaliro chofunikira - kumasula nthaka ndi kuthirira.
Matenda ndi Tizilombo
Tizilombo zazikulu ndi nthata za akangaude ndi nsabwe za m'masamba. Kuthira mankhwala ndi mankhwala a zitsamba (pogwiritsa ntchito mahatchi kapena ma nettle) kapena kukonzekera kwamakono kwamankhwala kungathandize kuzichotsa.
Matenda akuluakulu ndi khansa ya kotekisi ndi powdery mildew. Pankhani ya khansa, ndikofunikira kuchotsa chomera cha mphukira yodwala ndikuchepetsa kuthirira ndi chinyezi. Powdery mildew imatha kutetezedwa ndi kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi mkuwa wamkuwa wa sulfate limodzi ndi mkaka wa laimu.
Maluwa akukwera amachititsa kuti athe kusintha ndikusintha mopitilira kuzindikira ngakhale dimba losakhala bwino komanso lopatsa chidwi komanso kanyumba kotentha.
