Pafupifupi nzika zonse za chilimwe ndizofunikira kwambiri pakukonzekera mbewu zamasamba musanabzalire pamalowo. Chifukwa chake mbatata, yomwe nthawi zambiri imamera kuchokera ku ma tubers, imafunikira kukonzekera musanadzalemo. Pali njira zingapo zosavuta zomwe zimakhudza kuyamba kwa mbatata ndi zipatso zake, komanso kutetezedwa kumatenda ena. Timapenda njira yokonzekera mbatata kuti ibzale.
Maluwa amabzala
Mbatata za mbatata zosankhidwa kubzala, mwachizolowezi, zimadzozedwa mukakolola mu kugwa. Kuti muchite izi, ikani mbatata m'magawo awiri 2-3 m'malo owala, koma popanda dzuwa. Pakatha masiku 10, ng'ombe yokhazikika imapangidwa mu mbatata - imateteza ku matenda, makoswe ndi tizirombo tina tina, komanso timachiritsa mabala pa tubers. Koma, ngati simunamalize kuyang'ana malo nthawi yozizira, musadandaule ndikungochulukitsa.
Tubers kusanja
Odziwa odziwa zamaluwa amalangizidwa kuti azisintha mbatata ndi kutaya pansi ndi maziko osakhala bwino. Ndikwabwino kuchita izi sabata imodzi isanakwere. Momwe mungadziwire mbatata yomwe singabweretse mbewu? Kuti muchite izi, muyenera yankho la urea: 1.5 makilogalamu pa 10 malita a madzi. Muyenera kuyika mbatata mmenemo. Zokolola ndi mbatata zabwino zimakhala pansi, koma odwala ndi okhwima adzakhala pansi. Kenako ma tubers okhazikika amakhala owuma bwino ndikugawika m'magulu olemera (1 gulu - 80-100 g, gulu 2 - 50-80 g, gulu la 3 - 25-50 g).
Chifukwa chiyani kupatukana uku ndikothandiza? Ndipo ndikofunikira kuti pakhale chophweka kubzala mbatata pabedi, poganizira kukula kwake - kukula kwake kwa malo enaake. Kumbukirani kuti kukula kwa mbatata kumakhudza nthawi yomwe imatuluka komanso pabedi lofanana ndi mbatata, zonse zimamera pafupifupi nthawi imodzi. Ndikofunikanso kudziwa kuti tchire lomwe limakhala ndi kutalika komweko ndilosavuta kutsatira komanso moyenerera.
Chithandizo cha fungus cha tubers
Angapo tizilombo toyambitsa matenda matenda otsatirawa amatha kukhala pamtunda wa mbatata: nkhanambo, choipitsitsa, alternaria, rhizoctonia, formosis. Kuteteza motsutsana ndi chitukuko cha matenda, mankhwala a bio-fungicide amaloledwa.
Sabata imodzi asanabzala mbatata, amagwiritsa ntchito Planriz, asadabzala Baxis, Alirin kapena Fitosporin, ndipo Binoram ndi Agat 25K amagwiritsidwa ntchito kawiri: masiku 5 asanabzalidwe komanso nthawi yomweyo tsiku lobzala.
Kutentha ndi zouma tubers
Mutatsala pang'ono kubzala mbatata (masiku 10-15), muyenera kuyipeza kuchokera kumalo osungira nthawi yachisanu ndikuyiyika pamalo pomwe pali kutentha kwa 18-20 ° C (wowonjezera kutentha adzachita), kungowaza. Valani tubers ndi zisanza kapena zojambulazo kutentha mukamatsika. Pakadutsa kanyumba, mbatata zimafota, kumatenthetsa, ndikuchepa. Njira imeneyi imasunga bwino ma tubers nthawi yobzala ndikukulitsa kuchuluka kwa kumera.
Kumera timatumba ta mbatata
Njirayi ikuthandizira kupeza mbewu yayikulu ya mbatata, kuyambira kumera mpaka mawonekedwe a mphukira zenizeni. Omwe okhala ndi kusefukira kwamadzi ndi dothi lodzaza, kapena m'modzi momwe muli peat, sangachite popanda iwo. Kuti mumere, muyenera kusamutsa malo awo ofunda ndi chinyezi 1 mwezi umodzi tubers asanabzalidwe. Nyumba yobiriwira ndiyoyenera izi. Sabata lililonse, muyenera kusinthira mbatata mosamala osaphula zophukira.
Kodi ndi mfundo zazikulu ziti pakumera? Pongoyambira, uku ndikusunga kutentha kosiyanasiyana masana (12-18 ° C) komanso usiku (m'chigawo cha 6 ° C). Ngati ndi kotheka, sabata liyenera kusungidwa 20-25 ° C mchipindacho, ndipo nthawi yonseyo iyenera kutsitsidwa mpaka 7-8 ° C Izi zimathandiza kudzutsa impso zambiri, pomwe nthawi yomweyo zimalepheretsa mphukira kuti zisafike. Chinyezi chowonjezeka cha malo osungiramo mbatata musanabzalidwe ndiyofunikanso, makamaka 85-95%. Nthawi zambiri pakakhala chinyezi pamafunika kuthirira mbatata ndi madzi.
Pofika nthawi yodzala mbatata, masentimita sentimita amatuluka, ndipo mizu yolumikizira m'munsi. Izi zimakulitsa kumera pofika masiku 10-12, mosiyana ndi mbatata zomwe sizimere.
Kubisa tubers ndi phulusa
Ambiri wamaluwa amalambira phulusa chifukwa cha phindu lawo pazowuma za mbatata, motero ndi feteleza wamba wamabedi. Mbatata zomwe zimanyowa m'madzi ziyenera kukulungidwa mu phulusa musanabzike - izi zimakulitsa zokolola ndikupangitsa ululu wamtsogolo kukhala wolimba.
Njira zonse zakukonzazi zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito musanadzale mbatata, koma sizofunikira zonsezo. Ndikokwanira kuti mutha kuyika zina mwaizi - onani momwe mungakhalire ndikukula mbatata ndi nthawi yomwe mungagwiritse ntchito kumunda m'masiku otentha.
