Timayanjana ndi kumpoto, madambo omwe adakutidwa ndi chipale chofewa, pomwe masamba ena apamwamba, zipatso zosakanizidwa ndi zipatso zosawoneka bwino.
Blueberry ndi mabulosi akumpoto, wokonda dothi lamasamba, pang'onopang'ono amagonjetsa madera akumwera ndi pakati pa Russia ndi CIS yokhala ndi dothi losalowerera. Kodi chomwe chidapambana mwachanguchi mabulosi amitima yamaluwa kuti chikhala chambiri pantchito yathu yolima? Ziganizo ziwiri zokhala ndi zofunikira zake zachilengedwe, ndipo chilichonse chimamveka - mabulosi oterowo amafunikira m'nyumba iliyonse, m'munda uliwonse.
- Ma Blueberries ali ndi katundu wolimbana ndi zinthu zomwe siziri bwino, zomwe ndizofunikira motsutsana ndi maziko akuwonjezeka kwa anthu omwe amadana nawo.
- Amapangitsanso chitetezo chokwanira ku matenda ambiri.
Blueberry (Vaccinium uliginosum). © Morten RossMa Blueberries ndi ofunika kwambiri kwa anthu achikulire monga njira yothandizira komanso yolimbana ndi ukalamba. Zipatso zimachepetsa kukalamba kwa maselo, kuwonjezera ntchito ya ubongo, kusungira kukumbukira ndikugwirizanitsa kayendedwe. Ma Blueberries ndi mankhwala azakudya. Amathandizira kulimbitsa makoma amitsempha yamagazi, amakhala ndi chithokomiro pamatumbo. Amatha kuphatikiza mphamvu ya mankhwala omwe amamwa chifukwa cha matenda ashuga, okhala ndi ma oxidants.
Chidule cha Blueberry
Blueberries kapena Blueberries (Vaccinium uliginosum) - mtundu wamba wa chitsamba chowongolera, chomwe mu mtundu wa Russia wa taxonomy chimatchulidwanso kuti thonje la buluu, chithaphwi, chopindika. Zomera ndi za banja la heather. Amakhala ndi ma dziko opitilira 15, kuphatikiza ma buluu, oledzera, mphesa za buluu, gonobob, chidakwa, matope ndi zina, zambiri zomwe sizigwirizana ndi zomwe ali nazo (mwachitsanzo, mphamvu ya mutu).
Gawo logawa mabulosi amtunduwu limakhudza zigawo zonse zakumpoto ku Russia. Nthawi zambiri, zachilengedwe zimapezeka m'malo otetezeka m'mphepete mwa mitsinje, ndikupanga ma kilomita ambiri.
Kufotokozera kwachilengedwe kwachilengedwe kwamankhwala oyipa
Poyambira wamaluwa omwe akufuna kukhala ndi mabulosi odabwitsa awa, muyenera kudziwa mawonekedwe ake ndi zizindikiro zakunja, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri pogula "pafupi" kapena kuchokera kwa ogulitsa osadziwika.
Blueberry wamba ndi ya zitsamba ndi zitsamba, zomwe zimamera kutalika mpaka mamita 0.5-1.0. Ochulukitsa nthambi, zamitengo zamtundu ndi zaka, zokwawa zonyamula mawonekedwe. Pobobrazovanie kuchokera ku khosi la muzu. Kukula kwapachaka, masamba, ndi zipatso zikuchepa ndi zaka.
Mizu ya mabuliberi ndi fibrous, yomwe imakhala kumtunda kwa masentimita 15-20. Mizu ilibe tsitsi lonyowa, chifukwa chake, kuti mbewu zikule bwino komanso kuti zikule bwino, mbewu zimafunikira mtundu wa mycorrhiza, mothandizidwa ndi zomwe michereyo imayamwa m'nthaka.
Masamba a Blueberry ndi ochepa (mpaka 3 cm) oblong, obovate. Malowa ndi otsatira. Mtundu wake ndi wabwino. Pofika nthawi yophukira, masamba amasanduka ofiira, ndikugwa, kusiya zipatso za buluu pamtunda wopanda nthambi.
Maluwa a Blueberry ndi oyera ndi pinki. Corolla adasokonekera ngati mbuna, akuvina. Amaphukira kuyambira kumapeto kwa Meyi mpaka khumi oyamba a June. Maluwa amatengedwa mu inflorescence a 5-5 zidutswa ndipo, akakhwima, amafanana ndi mphesa zochepa, zomwe mabulosi amatchedwa mphesa za buluu. Nthawi zambiri inflorescence imakhala pamtunda wa mphukira.
Chipatso cha mabulosi abulu ndi mabulosi amtundu wakuda wabuluu, chifukwa cha zokutira kwa sera, amapeza kuyera kwamtambo kuti kucha. Zipatso zimatha kukhala zozungulira kapena pang'ono pang'ono. Kucha ndikutali, kumakwirira Julayi-Seputembala ndipo kukolola kumachitika m'njira zingapo. Kusungidwa kwa zipatso za mabulosi abulu pamtengowo ndi masiku 10-12, kenako kukhetsa kwawo kwakukulu kumayamba. Mabasi amatha kukhala malo amodzi, pang'onopang'ono akukula, mpaka zaka zana. Zimalimbana ndi chisanu ndipo zimatha kupirira nthawi yayitali.
Blueberry (Vaccinium uliginosum)Agrotechnics kukula buluu
Pabwino kukulitsa buliberries mwakuti sikufuna kutetezedwa ku tizirombo ndi matenda. Zomwe amafuna (nthawi zina zimakhala zovuta kukwaniritsa) zili pachinthu china. Ma Blueberries amakula kokha pamadimba acidic, pomwe pH = 3.5-5.0. Palinso chinthu china chosangalatsa. Ma Blueberries sangathe kulekerera kusefukira kwa mizu, koma kumamera mwakachetechete ndi kutalika kwa madzi oyambira 30-50 masentimita kuchokera ku mizu. Ndipo gawo linanso. Chikhalidwe sichimalekerera dothi lomwe mbewu zina zakula kwa nthawi yayitali, makamaka pogwiritsa ntchito feteleza wanthawi yayitali. Ndikwabwino kugwiritsa ntchito mawebusayiti omwe sanagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi mbewu zina nthawi yayitali. Izi zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kukula kwa mycorrhiza pamizu ya blueberries.
Kusankha malo ndi nthawi yobzala minda yamaluwa
Kutengera ndi nyengo yam'deralo, kubzala mbande za zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu pakabiyuni kumatha kuchitika mu nthawi ya masika kapena yophukira. Madera akumpoto, ndibwino kubzala mbande kuchilimwe kuti muteteze kuzizira. Gawo lakumwambalo lazikhalidwezi limatha kuzimiratu pa -20 ... -25 * C.
M'mikhalidwe yachilengedwe, ma buluu amagonjetsera malo dzuwa lopanda mphepo. M'pofunikanso kuwonetsetsa kuti pamalopo pali malo oyenera. Akakula m'dera lopanda kuyatsa, zipatsozo zimaphwanyidwa komanso acidic.
Dothi la Blueberry
Pansi pazachilengedwe, ma buliberries amakula pamchenga ndi dambo, lokwera (amaphatikizidwa mwamphamvu kwambiri) okhala ndi zopezeka zokwanira.
Kuti tikonze malo oyenera kudera lakwawo, makamaka kumadera opanda dothi, ndikofunikira kupanga dothi m'dera la mizu. Izi ndizosavuta kukwaniritsa m'magawo omwe kuli peatlands komanso kovuta kwambiri komwe kulibe mawonekedwe ake. Zoyenera kuchita
Pansi pa bedire, malo okumba okwanira masentimita 60x60x50-80 anakonzedwa. M'malo okhala ndi ma peat bogs, dothi 1: 1 losakanizika ndi peat likukonzekera. Ndikothekanso kuwonjezera coniferous utuchi, sulfure, osapitirira 60 g pa dzenje lirilonse, ndi mchenga kuti peat. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuyang'ana acidity ya dothi losakanikirana ndi ma litmus kapena ma strips.
Ngati dothi ladzala lolemera, ndiye kuti onjezani chidebe cha humus chovundikiratu ngati ufa wophika. Pazifukwa izi, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito kompu yokhwima. Osakaniza amasakanikirana bwino ndikudzazidwa dzenje. M'mphepete mwamkati mwa dzenje mumasuka. Popewa kupanga "bulb" wandiweyani pakati pa dothi losakanikirana ndi makhoma a dzenje lobzala, lomwe likhala cholepheretsa madzi ndi mpweya wokwanira kufikira mizu ya mbewu. Dothi losakaniza mu dzenje lobzala limapuma / kupsa kwa miyezi 1-2 ndipo zitatha izi ndiye chifukwa chofunikira kubzala mbande zaebulosi. Zopangira feteleza sizithandiza pakubzala.
Ngati peatlands kulibe, iwo adapangidwa mwaluso. Dothi limasakanizidwa ndi organic kanthu, coniferous utuchi kapena singano. Ndikwabwino kugwiritsa ntchito zinyalala ndi singano ngati ufa wophika. Dilute 60-70 g wa oxalic kapena limonic acid mu 10 l a madzi. Zitha kusintha m'malo mwa acetic 9%, 100 ml kapena kuchuluka komweko kwa apulo. Acidity yothetsera sayenera zosaposa 3.5-4.0%. Dzenje liyenera kudzazidwa ndi kusakaniza kwa dothi ndi chidebe chodzazidwa ndi yankho la acidic. Onani kuchuluka kwa zotsatira za dothi laudzu kapena chida cha litmus. Ngati ndi kotheka, mutha kuwonjezera yankho la acidic. Zopangira feteleza sizipanga. Nthaka yatsala kuti ipse.
Blueberries wamtali, dimbaKubzala mbande zaebulosi
Ma Blueberries amakonda kukula ndi kulanda magawo atsopano. Chifukwa chake, tchire libzalidwa pa mtunda wa 0.8-1.4-1.5 m. Poganizira za kufunika kwa mycorrhiza pamizu yokhudzana ndi kubzala kwazomera pamalo patsopano, mbande zikuyenera kugulidwa m'mbale zokhala ndi mizu yotsekeka. Pogula, ndikofunikira kuyesa kuwona ngati chidebe chokhala ndi mabulosi abzala chabzalidwa kumene. Chidebe chowona chimakhala mwamphamvu mchidebe. Mwatsopano wobzalidwa mutha kukhala wopanda mycorrhiza pamizu, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti sizidzakhala mizu, makamaka munthaka yopanga acidic nthaka.
Musanabzala, chidebe chokhala ndi mbande za buliberi chimatsitsidwa mumtsuko wamadzi kwa mphindi 10-20. Zaulere pazotengera. Mizu imamasulidwa ku dothi, ndikuwongoledwa.
Mbande za Blueberry zobzalidwa mpaka 5-16 cm, osati zakuya kuposa momwe zimamera mchombo. Falirani mizu ya mmera pachakudya cha dothi. Madzi amathiridwa mu dzenje ndi dothi kuchokera pansi pa mmera. Phimbani ndi dothi, lophatikizika pang'ono. Masentimita 7,8 omaliza a dzenje lakufikira ladzaza ndi mulch. Mulch ndi coniferous utuchi kapena singano zosonkhanitsidwa. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mulch yina. M'nyengo yozizira, mulch imagwira ntchito yoteteza mizu kuti isazizire chifukwa chake kuzizira kwake kuyenera kukhala lokwanira. Pofika nthawi yophukira - osachepera 5-8 cm.
Kusamalira Blueberry
Kupalira
Tchire laling'ono la buluu ndilosavomerezeka pankhani yovunda ndi mbewu zina, makamaka maudzu. Chifukwa chake, pazaka zoyambira, mpaka chikhalidwecho chimakula ndikukula bwino, mosamala pafupipafupi, koma maudzu ochepa (5-8 cm) ndikofunikira kuti musawononge mizu yomwe ili pamtunda wa 20-30 cm.
Blueberry kuthirira
Mpaka mizu itazika mizu kwathunthu, dothi pansi pa mabulosiwe liyenera kukhala lonyowa. Chifukwa chake, m'miyezi yoyamba ya 1-2, kuthirira kumachitika pambuyo masiku 2-3 m'magawo ang'onoang'ono. Masamba atsopano akayamba (i.e. mizu idayamba kugwira ntchito), kuthirira kumachepetsedwa mpaka 2 - 3 pamwezi, koma ngati nyengo yatentha komanso youma, ndiye kuti madzi osachepera 2 pa sabata m'mawa kapena nthawi yamadzulo. Madzulo, mabuliberi amakhazikika ndi kupopera madzi ozizira. Zomera zazikulu pa nthawi ya maluwa ndi kucha zipatso zimafunika madzi ambiri. Munthawi imeneyi, zimadutsa mitengo yothirira yambiri, koma osasunthika madzi muzu wokhala ndi mizu (chifukwa chake, ngalande zapamwamba zimafunikira pakubzala).
Zakudya zopatsa thanzi
Ma Blueberries amayamba kudyetsa kuyambira chaka chachiwiri mutabzala. Zopangira feteleza zimagwiritsidwa ntchito 2 nthawi yamasika. Zamoyo sizingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuvala. Chovala choyambirira chapamwamba chimachitika m'gawo la kutupa kwa impso komanso pakatha miyezi 1.5. Bweretsani chitsamba chazaka ziwiri, 15-20 g wa nitrophoska kapena kemira. Mlingo wa umuna umachulukitsidwa chaka chilichonse ndi nthawi 1.2-2.0. Acidity acidity imayang'aniridwa chaka chilichonse. Ikachuluka mpaka pH = 5.0, sulufu wosakanizidwa ndi mchenga umawonjezeredwa ku feteleza wa mchere kapena kuthiriridwa ndi madzi acidified pansi pamzu. Kuthira dothi, nthawi zina brine omwe amatsalira ku nkhaka za asidi amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Onetsetsani kuti chaka chilichonse mulch dothi pansi pa tchire la mabuluni, makamaka ndi zinyalala kapena singano (popeza ndi wowawasa). Ndi chovala chachiwiri chapamwamba, micronutrients kapena feteleza zovuta za mchere zimawonjezeredwa, zomwe zimakhala ndi zomwe zimapangidwa (Kemira ndi ena).
Blueberry (Vaccinium uliginosum). © David GayaKuperewera kwa mchere
Zomwe zimachitika popanga zinthu sizikhala zogwirizana ndi zomwe mbewu ikufuna. Ma Blueberries pakupanga kwa mbewu amafunika kuchuluka kwa mchere. Zowonongeka zawo zimadziwoneka nthawi yomweyo.
Kusowa kwa nayitrogeni - Masamba ang'onoang'ono amtundu wa mabulosi amakhala ndi mtundu wamtambo wobiriwira, ndipo okalamba amapeza ubweya wofiira. Zomera sizikukula mlengalenga.
Phosphorous - Monga zikhalidwe zina, kusowa kwa phosphorous mu buliberries kumawonekera pakuwonetsa masamba. Masamba a masamba amaponderezedwa kufikira mphukira.
Kuperewera kwa potaziyamu - Ndikusowa kwa potaziyamu, nsonga za mphukira zazing'onoting'ono zazing'ono ndi nsonga za masamba amdima ndikufa.
Pamodzi ndi michere yayikulu, mabuliberiya amakaniratu ndikusowa kwa macro- ena ndi ma microelements ena, makamaka calcium, boron, iron, magnesium, sulufule.
Kuperewera kwa calcium - Ndi kuchepa kwake, m'mbali mwa masamba a mabulosi akutembenukira chikaso, ndipo masamba masamba amataya kumveka kwawo ndi mawonekedwe.
Kuperewera kwa Boron - Bor ndi yofunikira ku mbewu za mabulosi abulu. Ndi kuchepa kwake, masamba apamwamba achikhalidwe amatenga buluu, ndipo m'malo akale masamba a tsamba amatembenukira chikaso. Mapesi a Blueberry akumwalira pang'onopang'ono. Kukula kwa pachaka kulibe. Zomera za Boron zitha kuthandizidwa padera. Chovala chapamwamba chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi foliar application kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa.
Kusowa kwazitsulo - Kuperewera kumayamba kuoneka kuchokera masamba masamba obisika. Tsamba limatembenuka chikasu kwathunthu, kusiya ukonde wokhala ndi mwayi wobiriwira.
Kuperewera kwa Magnesium - Tsamba la Blueberry limapeza mtundu wachilendo. M'mphepete mwa masamba ndi ofiira, koma mtambo wobiriwira umatsala pafupi ndi mitsemayo.
Kuperewera kwa salfa - Ndikusowa kwa sulufule, masamba a mabulosiwe amasanduka oyera. Kusintha kwa utoto - kuchokera wobiriwira kupita pamaso achikaso oyera ndi oyera.
Ngati pali kusintha kulikonse pakapangidwe ka masamba a mabulosi, ndikofunikira kuchita kuvala kovomerezeka ndi njira ya kufufuza zinthu mwa kupopera.
Kudulira komanso kupangitsanso mabulutsidwe
Paubwana (pafupifupi zaka 4-6, nthawi zina, ndi kukula pang'onopang'ono - 7-8) zipsera zaukhondo zokha zimachitika kamodzi pachaka mpaka gawo la kutupa kwa impso. Dulani odwala, okhota, okhazikika, owundana ndi zokwawa pansi mapesi ndi mphukira za maluwa.
Kuyambira kuyambira zaka 6 mpaka 6 mpaka 6, kudulira kwa ukalamba kwa buliberries kumachitika. Imachitika bwino kwa zaka ziwiri mpaka zitatu, pang'onopang'ono kudula nthambi zakale. Mukadula nthambi zonse nthawi imodzi (iyi ndiyinso njira yovomerezekera), ndiye mpaka achinyamatawo atayamba kubala zipatso, chitsamba chimapanga zipatso zochepa.
Blueberry (Vaccinium uliginosum)Kuteteza kwa Blueberry ku chisanu
Gawo lapamwambapa la mabulosi akutchire limakumbukirabe kutentha. Pakati pa -18 ... -20 ° C, nsonga zing'onozing'ono, komanso kutentha kwa nthawi yayitali wopanda chipale, ndi utali wonse wapamwamba pamtunda, umatha kuzizira. Kuti izi zisachitike, chifukwa nthawi yachisanu mbewu zimakhazikika kuti zisawononge nthambi, komanso zokutira ndi burlap kapena lutrasil. Kanemayo sangagwiritsidwe ntchito. Nthambi za spruce kapena matalala otayirira amaponyedwa kunyumba. Chapakatikati, akachotsa m'misasa, impso zisanatulutse, amadzidulira mwaukhondo, ndikuchotsa nsonga za mazira.
Kutetezedwa kwa matenda amizilombo ndi matenda
Ma Blueberries sikuti sawonongeka ndi tizirombo ndi matenda. Komabe, ndikuwoneka kwa zizindikiro zakunja za powdery mildew, fungal rot kapena matenda ena, kuwonongeka kwa nsabwe za m'masamba, njira zotchinjiriza ndizofanana ndi mbewu zina za mabulosi, pogwiritsa ntchito zinthu zokhazokha zopangira mankhwala.
Kututa mabuliberiya
Maluwa amtundu wa Blueberry amakhala odekha nthawi yayitali mpaka -7 * C chifukwa chake safunika malo achitetezo apadera.
Mitundu yoyambirira ya mabulosi abulu amapanga mbewu muukada mwaukadaulo oyambira khumi a Julayi, pakati komanso mochedwa - ndi masamba ochepa a masabata 1-2. Kuwonetsera kwakunja kwa zipatso ndi mtundu wa buluu-violet wophimba ndi sera. Zipatso zakucha zimasiyanitsidwa mosavuta ndi burashi. Kucha ndikutenga pang'onopang'ono. Zipatso zowonekera pambuyo pakudikirira kwa sabata 2. Kuyeretsa kumatha kumapeto kwa Ogasiti. Tchire ta akulu timapanga zipatso mpaka 5 makilogalamu.
Zipatso zimasungidwa zatsopano kwa milungu 4-5. Ntchito mwatsopano ndi kukonzedwa mawonekedwe. Mavoti, timadziti, timbale, jams, ndi zina.
Ndi mtundu wanji wa mabulosi kuti musankhe malo okhala chilimwe
Kunyumba yanyumba, mutha kulimbikitsa kukhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya masamba a ku Russia. Nthawi zambiri amakhala osagonjetsedwa ndi chisanu, osavuta kuwasamalira ndipo safunikira malo okhala chaka ndi chaka. Ali ndi zipatso zokoma komanso zotsekemera. Chikhalidwe ndi cha gulu la mtanda mungu wochokera, motero muyenera kubzala mitundu itatu kapena itatu. M'madera ozizira, mizu yake imakhala bwino ndikubala zipatso Kukongola kwa Taiga, Mtambo wofiirira, Nectar, Yurkovskaya, Zodabwitsa ndi ena.
Mzere wapakatikati, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu ya mabulosi amajambulidwe oyambiranso apakati:
- Weymouth - nthawi yakucha ndi kumapeto kwa Julayi, sikugonjetsedwa ndi chisanu, kwenikweni sikuzizira.
- Mphamba - nthawi yakucha imagwirizana ndi mitundu ya Weymouth. Poyerekeza ndi Weymouth (0,9 m), ndiwotalika - mpaka 1.5m kutalika.
Mabedi amtali, dimba (Vaccinium corymbosum)Mwa mitundu yakuyaka yakucha, mtundu wa blueberry ndi woyenera kuyang'aniridwa. Bluray. Tchire lalitali, kucha kwa mbewu yayikulu kuyambira pakati pa Ogasiti mpaka pakati pa Seputembala (ndikusintha mitundu ina). Mabasi mpaka 180 cm. Zosiyanasiyana zimasiyana mu mitundu ya zipatso - ndi kuwala kwa buluu. Dziwani kuti mitundu yachilendo imasiyana ndi ya ku Russia yotsika chisanu ndipo nthawi yozizira imafunikira malo okhala.
Pakati wamaluwa omwe amakonda kwambiri mabulosi amtunduwu, mitundu yake ndiofala Coville. Kupezeka chifukwa cha hybridization a American mitundu. Padziko lonse lapansi, mitundu yoposa 100 ya njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'minda yokhala ndi kucha ndi zipatso zochuluka, zomwe zimafika pa 8 kg kuchokera kuchitsamba. Itha kumera pang'ono, koma imakonda malo owala ndi dzuwa. Wokongola mu hedge. Zimauma nyengo yachisanu zimakhala zazitali, koma zimakhala ndi kuzizira chifukwa nyengo yachisanu imakhala yotentha komanso nthawi yayitali popanda chipale chofewa imafunikira pogona.
Wokondedwa Reader! Ma Blueberries ali kwathunthu mndandanda wathu wa mabulosi. Chonde gawani zomwe mwakumana nazo pakukula ndi kusamalira mabulosi odabwitsawa.
