Kuunika kwachilengedwe moyenera (zolimbikitsa ndi zamankhwala ochulukitsa) za chinthu cha Trichoplant
Pakadali pano, kukonzekera kwachilengedwe kotengera ma micromycetes amtunduwu kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri polimbana ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono ta phytopathogenic. Trichoderma Golovanova, 2008 .. Kuyankhula ngati anthu okhala zachilengedwe zambirimbiri zachilengedwe komanso zopanga, kuchulukana mwachangu mikhalidwe ndi chilengedwe, kukhala osagwiritsa ntchito mbewu, nyama ndi anthu, bowa lamtunduwu Trichoderma amapanga chinthu chofunikira kuti awerenge ndikukula chifukwa cha zovuta zomwe amagwiritsa ntchito pa biocontrol ya phytopathogenic tizilombo tosiyanasiyana Alexandrova, 2003; Colombet, 2007; Rudakov, 1981; Seiketov, 1982; Atef, 2011. Pankhaniyi, ntchito yofunika ndikusaka mitundu yatsopano yolimbana nayo Trichoderma ndi cholengedwa pamaziko azinthu zatsopano zopangira zinthu zachilengedwe, komanso kukulitsa kuchuluka kwa zomwe zilipo.
Popeza muzolemba zamasayansi pazakugwiritsa ntchito ma micromycetes Trichoderma longibrachiatum Monga othandizira pa biocontrol, ndikulonjeza kuti apanga zinthu zachilengedwe, sizinapezeke kuti cholinga cha kafukufukuyu chinali kuyesa kuchuluka kwa zinthu zamitundumitundu komanso zopatsa mphamvu za Trichoplant kwachilengedwe Trichoderma longibrachiatum Gf 2/6
Kafukufuku wokhudzana ndi kukula kwazinthu zachilengedwe adachitika mothandizidwa ndi NPO Biotehsoyuz mchaka cha 2014 mothandizidwa ndi masamba azomera a Workshop pa Agrochemistry, 2001. Mbewu ndi nkhaka za mbatata zidagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zinthu zophunzirira (Cucumis sativus L.) mitundu Phoenix 640, tirigu wamba yozizira (Triticum a festivalum L., mosiyana. erythrospermum) mitundu Zagrava, tomato (Lycopersicon escreatum Mill.) Mitundu ya agate.
Phunziro la kulimbikitsa kukula kwa zinthu zachilengedwe. Zotsatira za TRIHOPLANT ya mankhwala kumera kwa mbeu ndikukula kwa mbewu zimachitika munthawi yamera motsutsana ndi kumbuyo kwa mankhwalawo ndi gawo limodzi la 1 × 105 CFU / cm3(1.0% yankho la chotsirizidwa) ndikukhazikitsa madzi apampopi (control). Pazinthu zonse zophunziridwa, zikuwonetsa izi: Zizindikiro zam'mera ndi kumera kwa mbeu malinga ndi zomwe zinalembedwazi zomwe zalembedwa pa GOST 12038-84, mwaubwenzi, kuchuluka kwa mbeu za Pospelov, 2013; Ugubnov, 2014 ndi mphamvu yakukula kwa mbeu mutamera mu mchenga wa Karpin, 2012. Mu mbande ndi mbewu, munthawi ya kuyesa kwamasamba obzala, kutalika kwa malo apamwamba ndi kutalika kwa magawo apansi panthaka pa 7, 14 ndi masiku a 21 a kulima, kusanthula kunaphunziridwa biomass yowuma ndi yaiwisi. Pakukula mu chikhalidwe cham'madzi chakukula kwa labotale, mbande zachomera zimasinthidwa ndikuzitumiza m'zinthu zofunikira 550-560 ml wokhala ndi 500 cm3 mineral solution Pryanishnikov Exercicum ..., 2001. Zomera zidakulidwa ndi chithunzi cha maola 16, pa phytoluminostat yokhala ndi mbali ziwiri zotsalira zowunikira ndi nyali za LD-30W pakuwala flux kwakukulu kwa 130 W / m2.
Phunziro la biocontrol katundu wa zinthu zachilengedwe. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwachilengedwe kwa Trichoplant kwachilengedwe kwachitika mwa njira zoyesera pogwiritsa ntchito zikhalidwe zabwino zopanga zinthu Trichoderma longibrachiatum GF 2/6 ndi ma phytopathogenic micromycetes (Cladosporium cucumerinum, Fusarium avenaceum, Fusarium solani, Fusarium sporotrichioides, Rhizoctonia solani, Phytophthora infestans, Alternaria sp.) opatulidwa kuzomera zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndimatenda osiyanasiyana: spike fusarium, fusarium wilt, alternariosis, rhizoctoniosis, ndi zina. Mphamvu zakuwoneka bwino pokhudzana ndi phytopathogenic micromycetes zimatsimikiziridwa ndi njira yachiwiri yachikhalidwe pa mbatata-glucose agar (GOST 12044-93) malingana ndi njira yomwe yasonyezedwa pachithunzichi Rudakova (1981, p. 44, monga asintha). Kugwira ntchito kwachilengedwe T. longibrachiatum GF 2/6 poyerekeza ndi microsycetes ya phytopathogenic, yowonetsedwa m'njira zosiyanasiyana, idayesedwa ndikuwonetsedwa molingana ndi mawu ofotokozedwa mu Pat. SU No. 1671684 ndi zowonjezera ndi kusintha. Kuti akhazikitse ubale wama microparasitic, microscopic kukonzekera kwa "dontho" yophwanyidwayo idakonzedwa molingana ndi njira zomwe zimavomerezedwa mu mycology, zomwe zinali zazikulu kwambiri ndikujambulidwa pogwiritsa ntchito makina oonera patali a LOMO MIKMED-6 var 7 pogwiritsa ntchito chipangizo chosiyana ndi izi.
Kukula-kolimbikitsa katundu wa Trichoplant kwachilengedwa. Monga tawonetsera pofufuza mothandizidwa ndi zinthu zachilengedwe TRIHOPLANT, mphamvu zam'mera zimachulukira ndi 3.0-12.5%, ndipo kumera kwa zikhalidwe zophunziridwa kumakula ndi 7.7-19.0% (Gome 1).
Gome 1. Mphamvu ya Trichoplant yachilengedwe popanga kusintha kwa mphamvu ya kumera ndi kumera kwa mbeu za mbeu zosiyanasiyana (X ± Sx)Monga kafukufuku adawonetsera, motsogozedwa ndi mtundu wa TRIHOPLANT wachilengedwe, zisonyezo monga kufalikira kwa mbewu zidakulitsa (ndi 0,8-1.4%, Gome 2), koma nthawi yayikulu yomwe mbewu imodzi idamera (kuchuluka kwa mbeu itakula ndi 0, Masiku 6-1.0, tebulo 3). Kuthandizira kwa mbewu yokhala ndi Trichoplant kwachilengedwenso kunathandizanso pakukula kwa mphamvu ya mbewu kupanga mbande zolimba: mphamvu yakukula kwa mbewu idakula ndi 0.5-2.4 rel. (tabu 5).
Gome 2. Zotsatira za Trichoplant kwachilengedwenso pakusintha kwaubwenzi wa mbeu zamera zosiyanasiyana za mbeu (X ± Sx) 
Tebulo 3. Kukula kwa mbeu ya Trichoplant pakusintha kwa mbeu zamera zosiyanasiyana (X ± Sx)Malinga ndi zotsatira za kafukufukuyu, mitundu yamatango ya Phoenix 640 inali yodziyankha kwambiri pazomwe zimapangidwadi, momwemo, kafukufuku wina adachitidwira pachikhalidwe ichi. Kafukufuku wazomwe zimachitika ndi mankhwala a TRIHOPLANT pa kutalika kwa mlengalenga wazomera za nkhaka patsiku la 7, 14 ndi 21 adawonetsa kuti, poyerekeza ndi kuyang'anira kosinthika, kutalika kwa mbali zam'mlengalenga za nkhaka zamitundu ya Phoenix 640 patsiku la 7 ndi 14 kuchuluka ndi 12.5-39.1% (tebulo. 5).
Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti, poyerekeza ndi kuwongolera, chithandizo cha mbewu zamatchuthi ndi Tichoplant yachilengedwe chathandizira kuwonjezeka kwa kulemera kwamiyala ya mlengalenga ndi 21.7% ndikulemera konyowa kwa kachitidwe ndi 2.2%. Chithandizo cha Trichoplant chinathandizanso kuwonjezeka kwa chomera chouma chomera: mogwirizana ndi kuwongolera, kulemera kwa mlengalenga kukukulira ndi 0.12 g (41.7%), ndi kuchuluka kwa mizu, m'malo mwake, kutsika ndi 0.019 g (kapena 5.9%) ( tebulo 6).
Tebulo 4. Zotsatira za zinthu zachilengedwe za Trichoplant pakusintha kwa mphamvu yakukula kwa mbewu zosiyanasiyana (X ± Sx) 
Tebulo 5. Mphamvu ya Trichoplant yachilengedwe pakupanga ndi kukula kwa mbewu zamatumba a Phoenix 640 okhala ndi muzu umodzi 
Tebulo 6. Zotsatira za Trichoplant biological product pamakonzedwe a zotsalira zazomera zolengedwa ndi nkhaka zomera za Phoenix 640 zosiyanasiyanaBiocontrol katundu wa kupsinjika Trichoderma longibrachiatum Gf 2/6. Kafukufuku wazomwe zimachitika pakubala Trichoderma longibrachiatum GF 2/6, polimbikitsa kukula kwa magulu a phytopathogenic micromycetes - tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a tracheomycosis, fusarium, kuvunda kwa mizu komanso mawanga, mwachitsanzo Fusarium avenaceum, F. solani ndi F. sporotrichioides; Alternaria sp., Phytophthora infestans, Rhizoctonia solani, Cladosporium cucumerinum anawonetsa kuti T. longibrachiatum kuyambira tsiku lachitatu la kulima limodzi ndi phytopathogens, akuwonetsa chiwopsezo cha malo a fungistatic, ndikuchepetsa kukula kwa koloni ya phytopathogens pamtunda wa sing'anga ya michere (mkuyu. 1).
Pa 4 - 5th masiku a kubzala pamodzi, kuchepa kwa kukula kwa madera a tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a mycoses ndi kuyambika kwa chiwonetsero cha mankhwala opha maantiotic ndi anamentary akuwonekera pamitundu yonse yophunziridwa, yomwe patsiku la 7 idawonetsedwa ngati chiwonjezeko cha colony cha trichoderma pamalire a tizilombo toyambitsa matenda (mkuyu. 1, 2) . Ndi kulima kopitilira, madera a phytopathogens adathandizidwa kwathunthu ndi dera la Trichoderma, ndipo kuyang'anidwa kwa microscopic mwa madera oterowo kunawonetsa chithunzi cha parasitism yachindunji Trichoderma pa phytopathogen (mkuyu. 5).
Mkuyu. 1. Zotsatira za Trichoderma longibrachiatum GF 2/6 pakusintha kwa kukula kwa magulu a phytopathogenic micromycetes - tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a tracheomycosis, fusariosis, maolivi, maosinthidwe a maolivi, Rhizoctonia, alternariosis ndi kuvulala kochedwa. 
Mkuyu. 2. Sinthani mu kafukufuku wakapangidwe kazachilengedwe wa ma phytopathogenic micromycetes akaphatikizidwa molumikizana ndi T. longibrachiatum GF 2/6 kwa masiku 7: a - Fusarium avenaceum, b - Fusarium solani, c - Fusarium sporotrichioides, d - Cladosporium cucumerinum, e - Phytopophorumum - Rhizoctonia solani, w-Alternaria sp. 
Mkuyu. 3. Alimentary fungistatic antagonism (mwachindunji parasitism) ya T. longibrachiatum GF 2/6 (kukulitsidwa × 16): - - kukula kwa dera la Trichoderma; b - Kukula kwa Trichoderma ndi parasitism malo pa F. solani (I) kapena F. sporotrichioides (II); c - koloni ya F. solani (I) kapena F. sporotrichioides (II). 
Mkuyu. 4. Direct parasitism ya T. longibrachiatum GF 2/6 poyerekeza ndi madera a Cladosporium cucumerinum (a), Phytophthora infestans (b), Rhizoctonia solani (c) (kukulitsidwa × 16) 
Mkuyu. 5. Hyphae wa T. longibrachiatum GF 2/6 (woonetsedwa ndi mivi) yomwe imalowa mu phytopathogenic micromycete mycelium hyphae Rhizoctonia solani (magn. × 1600)Pomaliza Chifukwa chake, malinga ndi zotsatira za kafukufukuyu, zidakhazikitsidwa kuti kumera kwa tirigu, nkhaka ndi mbewu za phwetekere motsutsana ndi zomwe zimapangidwira KUTENGA KWAMBIRI kumachulukitsa mphamvu kumera kwa mbewu ndi 3-12%, kumera kwa mbewu izi ndi 7-19%, ndikuthandizira kukulitsa mphamvu yakukula kwa mbewu ndi 0, 5-2.4%. Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti mankhwala achilengedwe a TRIHOPLANT, ali ndi mwayi wolimbikitsa pakukula kwa mbewu za nkhaka. Mothandizidwa ndi chithandizo chimodzi, kutalika kwa gawo la pamwambapa kumawonjezeka pafupifupi 25,8%, kulemera kwonyowa kwa gawo lamwambalo kumawonjezeka ndi 21%, ndipo kudzikundikira kwa zinthu zouma ndi gawo lam'mwambamu la nkhaka zam'munda kunakwera ndi 41,7%.
Kafukufuku wa biocontrol katundu wazomwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zinthu zamankhwala zotchedwa TRICHOPLANT - micromycete Trichoderma longibrachiatum mavuto a GF 2/6 motsutsana ndi ma phytopathogenic micromycetes Fusarium avenaceum, Fusarium solani, Fusarium sporotrichioides, Cladosporium cucumerinum, Phytophthora infestans, Rhizoctonia solani ndi Alternaria sp. zinawonetsa kuti kupsinjika kumeneku kuli ndi gawo lina la kutchulidwa kwachilengedwe, i.e. mokhudzana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a chomera akuwonetsa ma biocontrol katundu omwe akufotokozedwa mwachindunji parasitism (fungistatic alimentary antagonism) mogwirizana Ph. infestans, Rh. solani, C. cocumerinum, F. sporotrichioides, F. solani, F. avenaceum, ndi Alternaria sp; fungistatic antiotic ndi terracial antagonism - Kuchepetsa ndikuletsa kupanikizika kwa mycelium ya phytopathogens mogwirizana ndi F. avenaceum, F. solani, F. sporotrichioides, C. cocumerinum, Ph. infestans, Rh. solani ndi Alternaria sp.
Sidyakin A.I., Filonenko V.A. - NGO Biotechsoyuz.
Kanema wapanema NPO Biotehsoyuz pa youtube
