Chipale

Kwa zaka zopitilira 200 m'maiko osiyanasiyana, chitsamba chosawoneka bwino, chotsika, komanso chokongola, chochuluka zipatso zazikulu zomwe chimakwirira chitsamba chonse ndipo chimakhala pafupifupi mpaka kasupe kuti chikagwiritsidwe ntchito kukongoletsa malo. Kwenikweni, shrub adalandira dzina lake lachilatini popanga zipatso panthambi. Dzina la amuna kapena akazi Symphoricarpos Amakhala ndi mawu awiri - symphorein, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti wobadwa pafupi, kapena wosakanizidwa, ndi carpos - chipatso. Ndipo tsopano dzina lokhala ndi phokoso kwambiri - mabulosi oundana, omwe amadziwika ponseponse, adatulukira chifukwa chamtundu wazipatsozo, ngati kuti ukumata tchire ndi chipale chofewa.

Zowona, dzina loti "duwa la chipale chofewa" lafika mpaka kumtundu wa Symphoricarpos womwe uli ndi zipatso zomwe sizikhala zoyera ngati chipale, koma zofiira. Chimodzi mwazomwe zili ponseponse ku Western Europe, m'dziko lathu sichidziwika. Ndi wozungulira chipale chofewa, kapena wamba (Symphoricarpos orbiculatus) Kunyumba, ku North America, imatchedwa Indian currant, mabulosi a coral. Ichi ndi chitsamba chachitali bwino ndi mphukira zopyapyala, masamba yaying'ono, zobiriwira zakuda pamtunda komanso chamtambo pansipa. Maluwawo ndi ang'ono ngati oyera, ndipo amatengedwa m'mitundu yotalikirapo ya inflorescence. Zipatso zimakhala hemispherical, red -lish or coral, ndi bloish blooms. Mu yophukira, shrub iyi imakhalanso yokongola kwambiri - mphukira zopyapyala zokhala ndi masamba ofiirira zimasanjidwa ndi zipatso zofiira kutalika konse. Mabulosi ozungulira chipale chofewa samakhala ozizira pang'ono poyerekeza ndi azungu, komabe, pakatikati pa gawo la Europe ku Russia akhoza kumera.

Koma zomwe zinali zofala kwambiri maluwa mabulosi oyerakapena carpal (Symphoricarpos albus), moyenera, mawonekedwe ake apadera okhala ndi zipatso zazikuluzikulu mpaka 1.5 masentimita oyera ngati mitengo ya zipatso kapena mtundu wa mitengo - masango kumapeto kwa mphukira. Kulemera kwa zipatso zambiri, zopyapyala zopyapyala zimakhotakhota, kupatsa chitsamba kukongola. Masamba oyera ngati chipale chofewa amafika kutalika kwa 1.5-1.7 m, limamasuka kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, masamba amatalika 3-7 cm, wobiriwira pang'ono, pang'ono pang'ono. Maluwa akupitiliza, mosalekeza kuyambira mwezi wa Julayi mpaka Seputembala. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti chitsamba sichikongoletsedwa ndi maluwa, ngakhale ambiri, koma ochepa, koma ndi zipatso.

Pachikhalidwe, mitundu ina ya chipale chofewa chokhala ndi zipatso zoyera imadziwikanso, koma ilibe zokongoletsera zina zoyera. M'malo mwake, zipatso zawo zimakhala ndi zipatso zochepa;

Snowman ndi wonyoza. Amatha kumera pamiyala yonyowa, yosasalala, sikutanthauza kuthirira. Amalekerera kudulira bwino, pambuyo pake amakula msanga. Chifukwa cha ana obzala, pang'onopang'ono amapanga magulu akuluakulu owonda. Pakulima maluwa, obereketsa chipale chofewa ndizothandiza kwambiri, chifukwa ndi mbewu zabwino za uchi. Kuphatikiza ndi zitsamba zazitali kapena mitengo yokhala ndi masamba obiriwira amdima, ndi conifers, amapanga magulu osiyanasiyana osiyanitsa. Kuchokera kwa iwo mutha kupanga hedense wowonda komanso wokongola, ndikupanga malire.

Kufalikira kwa chisanu ndi odulidwa, ana, magawano. Ndiosavuta kwambiri kuti akule kuchokera ku mbewu. Mukangokolola mu kugwa, mbewu zimafesedwa mwachindunji mu dothi kapena mumiphika ndi mabokosi. Osatseka mozama, kuwaza pamwamba pa mbewu ndi utuchi, tsamba louma. Mabokosi ndi miphika zatsalira nyengo yachisanu pansi pa chisanu.

Kuwombera kumawonekera mu kasupe, nthawi zina - patatha chaka. M'zaka zoyambirira, chipale chofewa chimamera mwachangu, mchaka chachitatu - mpaka 90 cm - 1 m ndikuyamba kuphuka.

Masamba oteteza chipale chofewa ndi chimodzi mwazomera zomwe sizingathe kusuta.

Zida zogwiritsidwa ntchito:

• E. Yakushina, woyimira masayansi azachilengedwe